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Hexokinase 1 and 2 mediates glucose utilization to regulate the synthesis of kappa casein via ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1 in bovine mammary epithelial cells

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 338-349页

作者： Tianyu Yang Jia Guo Han Song Osmond Datsomor Yuhang Chen Maocheng Jiang Kang Zhan Guoqi Zhao Institute of Animal culture Collection and Application College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University

Glucose plays a vital part in milk protein synthesis through the mTOR signaling pathway in bovine mammary epithelial cells(BMEC). The objectives of this study were to determine how glucose affects hexokinase(HK) activity in BMEC and investigate the regulatory effect of HK in kappa casein(CSN3)synthesis via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1) signaling pathway in BMEC. For this, HK1 and HK2 were knocked out in BMEC using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The gene and protein expression, glucose uptake, and cell proliferation were measured. We found that glucose uptake, cell proliferation, CSN3 gene expression levels, and expression of HK1 and HK2 increased with increasing glucose concentrations. Notably, glucose uptake was significantly reduced in HK2 knockout(HK2KO)BMEC treated with 17.5 mM glucose. Moreover, under the same glucose treatment conditions, the proliferative ability and abundance of CSN3 were significantly diminished in both HK1 knockout(HK1KO)and HK2KO BMEC compared with that in wild-type BEMC. We further observed that the phosphorylation levels of ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1(S6K1) were reduced in HK1KO and HK2KO BMEC following treatment with 17.5 mM glucose. As expected, the levels of glucose-6-phosphate and the m RNA expression levels of glycolysis-related genes were decreased in both HK1KO and HK2KO BMEC following glucose treatment. These results indicated that the knockout of HK1 and HK2 inhibited cell proliferation and CSN3 expression in BMEC under glucose treatment, which may be associated with the inactivation of the S6K1 and inhibition of glycolysis.

关键词： Glucose Hexokinase Milk protein Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathway Bovine mammary epithelial cell Kappa casein

Feeding prehistoric coastal community:A study of marine faunal remains at the Jingtoushan site

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1574-1590页

作者： Endong WU Guoping SUN Ying ZHANG School of culture History and LanguageAustralian National UniversityCanberra 2600Australia Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hangzhou 310012China National Centre for Archaeology Beijing 100013China

This article examines the abundant marine mollusc,and fish remains at the Jingtoushan shell midden(8,300 to7,800 cal a BP)in Zhejiang Province,China,to investigate the fishing economy,community development,the palaeoenvironment,and their interactions among the prehistoric populations in the lower Yangtze River Basin and southeastern coastal *** also attempts to explore the prosperity and decline of coastal settlements in China during the Neolithic Age and the potential reasons for their rise and fall,*** on the ecological and biological principles of marine animals,standard zooarchaeological methods and radiocarbon dating analysis are used for sampling,identification,measurement,and *** show that at least 11 mollusc taxa and 14 fish taxa can be identified from the Jingtoushan faunal *** ancient Jingtoushan residents possibly lived in a settlement close to the coast and engaged in inshore and offshore fishing,hunting,and gathering as their primary subsistence strategies,with low-level rice cultivation as a supplementary means of ***,the changes in the coastal environment could be one of the reasons why the Jingtoushan residents abandoned their *** research contributes to Chinese Neolithic archaeology with new evidence of the exploitation of marine resources around 8000 a BP in the eastern coastal areas and the relationship between Neolithic community development and environmental changes.

关键词： Neolithic Age Marine faunal remains Fishing economy Palaeoenvironment Community development

Morphological comparison and molecular marker screening of three Skeletonema species found in Changjiang(Yangtze)River Basin

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 923-942页

作者： Jingwen HU Yuxin YI Zhengxin YANG John Patrick KOCIOLEK Pan YU Quanxi WANG Qingmin YOU college of Life Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200235China Museum of Natural history University of ColoradoBoulder 80309USA college of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200235China

In our recent investigations of diatom diversity,we studied three species,namely,Skeletonema costatum,Skeletonema subsalsum,and Skeletonema *** they have been found frequently in Changjiang(Yangtze)River Basin,their morphological and molecular identification is difficult in ***,to integrate morphological and molecular biological approaches,we compared systematically their morphological characters and performed phylogenetic *** strains of Skeletonema were collected and isolated from Shanghai and Jiangsu,China,and their morphological characteristics were examined by light microscopy(LM)and the scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Based on morphological comparison,we determined that *** is easy to distinguish from the other two *** heavily silicified areolae,undulated or cleft distal ends of terminal fultoportula processes(TFPPs),absence of basal pores of fultoportula processes(FPPs),the rootlike protrusions of FPPs,and no interlocking connection are the stable characteristics that can be used to identify ***,there are only two features that can distinguish *** from ***,namely the location of terminal rimoportulae(TRPs)and the distal shape of *** addition,we amplified and sequenced nine common genetic markers from the strains,from which 101 sequences were obtained,constructed phylogenetic trees based on the nine genes and evaluated that seven genes can be used to identify ***,and revealed that *** is the closest known relative of ***,and only ATP synthetase beta-subunit gene(atp B)is able to distinguish them from each other,which strongly support that it is an effective molecular marker for *** work provided a theoretical basis for the taxonomic study of Skeletonema.

关键词： Skeletonema Changjiang River morphological change distinguishing morphological characteristics molecular marker

Effect of Property Tax on Optimization and Upgrading of Industrial Structure

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Asian Agricultural Research 2024年第7期16卷 24-27页

作者： Zulong HUANG Zirun ZHANG Zhengjie ZHANG college of City Construction Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330095China college of history Culture and TourismJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330095China college of Marxism Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330095China

China's economic growth and economic development has entered a new stage,and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is the core driving force for China to achieve high-quality economic development during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"*** tax has a conductive effect on the upgrading of industrial ***,from the perspective of property tax and industrial structure adjustment and the relationship between them,this study summarizes the relevant research of domestic and foreign *** the basis of the research,the paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions on improving China's property tax and promoting the optimization and upgrading of China's industrial structure.

关键词： Property tax Collection Industrial structure Optimization and upgrading

A study on the influencing factors of rural tourism promoting households'shared prosperity in Yinan County of Shandong Province

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Ecological Economy 2024年第1期20卷 72-84页

作者： YU Feng XIE Ai-liang School of Business Linyi UniversityLinyi 276005CHINA School of history and culture Linyi UniversityLinyi 276005CHINA

This study examines the influencing factors of rural tourism in promoting shared prosperity among households,using the case study of Yinan County in Shandong province,*** research aims to provide insights into the economic benefits experienced by low-income households in the context of rural tourism *** on field research conducted from April 8,2023,to May 17,2023,including interviews and site visits,the study constructs an evaluation index system to assess the influencing *** expert scoring and the application of a weighted set-valued mathematical statistical model,the importance and quantification of each factor are *** results indicate that the current stage of promoting shared prosperity through rural tourism in Yinan County is primarily influenced by the scale of tourist consumption of external *** factor outweighs others such as the participation capacity and willingness of low-income households,the capacity of investment enterprises,and the policies and financial allocation of the local *** findings emphasize the significance of external visitor spending and highlight the need to address the obstacles faced by low-income households in accessing economic *** evaluation index system and measurement model presented in this study offer a scientific basis for assessing and improving the income situation of low-income households in rural tourism development ***,it is crucial to note that the importance of these influencing factors may evolve with the lifecycle of the tourism *** research should include long-term tracking and consider a broader range of indicators to deepen our understanding of their mechanisms and ***,alternative approaches and theories may provide valuable perspectives for further exploration in this field.

关键词： rural tourism households shared prosperity influencing factors economic benefits

Diversity and interactions of lichen mycobionts and photobionts in the Fildes Region, King George Island,maritime Antarctica

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年

作者： ZHU Yuwen YU Liyan ZHANG Tao China Pharmaceutical culture Collection Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College

Lichens, as dual organisms comprising a major mycobiont and a major photobiont, exhibit remarkable survival capabilities in extreme conditions, such as those found in Antarctica. Despite their adaptability, the diversity and distribution of lichen photobionts in the ice-free areas of maritime Antarctica remain less understood compared to their mycobiont *** our study, we investigated the diversity of both lichen mycobionts and photobionts in 56 samples collected from the Fildes Region on King George Island, maritime Antarctica. Through sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions and subsequent phylogenetic analysis, we examined the relationships and association patterns between mycobionts and photobionts. Our findings revealed 19 taxa of lichen mycobionts across 13 families and seven orders, along with nine photobiont species within the class Trebouxiophyceae. These photobionts encompassed six Trebouxia species, one Asterochloris species,one Chloroidium species, and one Stichococcus species. In particular, a new Trebouxia lineage(Trebouxia sp. OTU D08) and a new Chloroidium lineage were found. The analysis indicated that many mycobionts could be associated with multiple photobiont species, a pattern also observed among the photobionts. These results contribute significantly to our understanding of the complex diversity of lichen mycobionts and photobionts in the ice-free areas of maritime Antarctica.

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Identification of Shell Color-Associated Genes Using Mantle Branch-Specific RNA Sequencing of Yellow-Colored Line of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第4期23卷 1076-1086页

作者： PENG Haiming LIAO Yongshan YANG Chuangye MKUYE Robert DENG Yuewen YUE Chenyang Fisheries college Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Pearl Research Institute Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl culture Zhanjiang 524088China Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province Zhanjiang 524088China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy culture Zhanjiang 524088China

The yellow-colored line of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii displays a yellow prismatic layer and a white nacreous layer that can be used as an ideal model for research on shell color ***-Raman spectroscopy and transcriptome analyses were performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism underlying the phenotype *** micro-Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the prismatic layer exhibits distinct characteristic peaks of carotenoids,while these peaks are not prominent in the nacreous *** the transcriptome comparison of the central zone of mantle and mantle edge tissue,which function in nacreous and prismatic layer formation,respectively,935 significantly differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified,with 385 genes upregulated and 227 genes downregulated(|log_2(Fold change)|>1 and false discovery rate<0.05)in the mantle edge *** these genes,some were associated with melanoma/melanogenesis,such as tyrosinase,zinc metalloprotease,glutathione S-transferase,and ATP-binding cassette sub-family;some were associated with the carotenoid-related pathway,including scavenger receptors,cytochrome P450 and lipoprotein *** associated with porphyrin metabolism,including porphobilinogen deaminase,and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase,and genes associated with shell matrix protein,including amorphous calcium carbonate binding protein,shematrin,PIF,and collagen,also exhibited significantly different *** is speculated that the different colours between prismatic layer and nacreous layer in the yellow-colored line of *** might be resulted from melanin,carotenoids and porphyrin metabolism,while genes related to shell structure and biomineralization might also affect *** results provide new insights to understand the mechanism of shell color formation in mollusca.

关键词： Pinctada fucata martensii shell coloration transcriptome

Perceptions and Controversies on Cholera in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Field in the Late Qing Dynasty

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Chinese Medicine and culture 2024年第2期7卷 143-151页

作者： GUO Shiqiang WU Haohuan WU Yinghua The Department of history College of Liberal Arts Of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Jinan University Library Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China

At the beginning of the initial cholera outbreak in China,Wang Qingren(王清任),after years of clinical trials,became an early representative who discovered the infectious characteristics and observed the course of cholera in the field of traditional Chinesse medicine(TCM).Kou Langao(寇兰皋)and Xu Zimo(徐子默),both medical practitioners,constructed a diagnosis and treatment system for cholera with cold patterns under the theory of *** represented“School of Cholera with Cold Patterns”(SCCP).In the 1860s,with the influence of Wang Shixiong’s(王士雄)studies on the nature of cholera under the theory of epidemic febrile disease,the“School of Cholera with Heated Patterns”(SCHP)prevailed *** two schools complemented each other in theories and contributed to the integrity of TCM in cholera diagnosis and *** reviewing previous literature,books,clinical cases,and historical materials in medical field,this article aims 1)to summarise the influence of TCM on the cognitive development towards cholera in the late Qing dynasty;2)to explore the origin of the controversy between SCCP and SCHP from historical evidence;3)to summarize the historical lessons from the debate over cholera in TCM based on the principle of treatment based on pattern identification,and offer suggestions for the current prevention and treatment of new diseases using TCM.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicine Cholera School of Cholera with Cold Patterns School of Cholera with Heated Patterns Wang Shixiong Xu Zimo

Emergence mechanisms of group consensus in social networks

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2024年第2期11卷 362-368页

作者： Min WANG Zi-Ke ZHANG college of Media and International culture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Research Center for Digital Communication Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Reaching consensus within larger social network groups has emerged as a pivotal concern in the digital age of *** article redefines group consensus as the emergence of collective intelligence resulting from self-organizing actions and interactions of individuals within a social network *** our exploration of extant research on group consensus,we illuminate two frequently underestimated,yet noteworthy facets:Dynamism and *** contrast to the conventional perspective of consensus as a mere outcome,we perceive it as an ongoing,dynamic *** process encompasses self-organized communication and interaction among group members,collectively guiding the group towards cognitive convergence and viewpoint ***,it is imperative to redirect our focus from the outcomes of group interactions to an examination of the relationships and processes underpinning consensus formation,thus elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the generation of group *** amalgamation of cognitive contexts and accurate simplification of real-world scenarios for simulation and experimental analysis offers a pragmatic operational *** study contributes novel theoretical underpinnings and quantitative insights for establishing and sustaining group consensus within the realm of engineering management ***,it holds substantial importance for advancing the broader research landscape pertaining to social consensus.

关键词： group consensus social network collective intelligence