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Extreme precipitation detection ability of four high-resolution precipitation product datasets in hilly area:a case study in Nepal

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 390-405页

作者： Sunil Subba Yao-Ming Ma Wei-Qiang Ma Cun-Bo Han Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China college of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China college of atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakista

Given Nepal's vulnerability to extreme precipitation(EP),it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis to comprehend the historical trends of such ***,acquiring precise precipitation data for EP remains challenging in mountainous countries like Nepal owing to the scarcity of densely gauged *** limitation impedes the dissemination of knowledge pertaining to EP variability events in *** current research on this topic is deficient for two main reasons:1)there is a lack of studies leveraging recently released high-resolution precipitation products to identify their EP detection capabilities,which further hinders the usability of those products in data-scarce regions like Nepal,and 2)most studies have focused on the characterisation of EP events in Nepal rather than their spatial and temporal *** address these issues,this study evaluated the EP detection capabilities of four high-resolution precipitation product datasets(PPDs)across Nepal from 1985 to *** datasets include the ERA5 Land reanalysis data,satellite-based precipitation data(PERSIANN_CCS_CDR and CHIRPS_V2.0)and a merged dataset(TPHiPr).We used various statistical and categorical indices to assess their ability to capture the spatial and temporal variability of EP *** annual EP events were characterised by 11 indices divided into frequency and intensity *** TPHiPr merged dataset offered a robust depiction of monthly precipitation estimates,achieving the highest critical success index,accuracy,probability of detection and a low false alarm ratio for daily precipitation detection of 0.1 mm in ***,the PERSIANN_CCS_CDR dataset exhibited poor *** PPDs showed increasing trends in EP ***,the TPHiPr dataset showcased those trends with fewer errors and stronger correlations for many frequency(R10mm,R20mm and R25mm)and intensity(RX1day,RX5day,PRCPTOT and R99p)*** results indicate that TPHiPr outperformed ot

关键词： Extreme precipitation Precipitation product Nepal TPHiPr ERA5 land PERSIANN_CCS_CDR CHIRPS_V2.0

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Blockchain-Based Certificateless Bidirectional Authenticated Searchable Encryption Scheme in Cloud Email System

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3287-3310页

作者： Yanzhong Sun Xiaoni Du Shufen Niu Xiaodong Yang college of Mathematics and Statistics Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou730070China college of Computer Science and Engineering Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou730070China

Traditional email systems can only achieve one-way communication,which means only the receiver is allowed to search for emails on the email *** this paper,we propose a blockchain-based certificateless bidirectional authenticated searchable encryption model for a cloud email system named certificateless authenticated bidirectional searchable encryption(CL-BSE)by combining the storage function of cloud server with the communication function of email *** the new model,not only can the data receiver search for the relevant content by generating its own trapdoor,but the data owner also can retrieve the content in the same ***,there are dual authentication functions in our ***,during encryption,the data owner uses the private key to authenticate their identity,ensuring that only legal owner can generate the keyword ***,the blockchain verifies the data owner’s identity by the received ciphertext,allowing only authorized members to store their data in the server and avoiding unnecessary storage space *** obtain a formal definition of CL-BSE and formulate a specific scheme from the new system *** the security of the scheme is analyzed based on the formalized security *** results demonstrate that the scheme achieves multikeyword ciphertext indistinguishability andmulti-keyword trapdoor privacy against any adversary *** addition,performance evaluation shows that the new scheme has higher computational and communication efficiency by comparing it with some existing ones.

关键词： Cloud email system authenticated searchable encryption blockchain-based designated server test multi-trapdoor privacy multi-ciphertext indistinguishability

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Occurrence of microplastics in natural and farmland soil in the Qilian Mountains of the Northern Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2159-2172页

作者： KANG Qiangqiang ZHANG Yulan KANG Shichang ZHANG Shengyin LUO Xi LI Longrui WANG Zhaoqing ZHANG Shuncun Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China college of Earth and Environmental sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Microplastics(MPs)become ubiquitous in soil and are an environmental and public health concern ***,the status of MPs in natural and farmland soils in remote areas remains poorly *** this study,we investigated the characteristics of MPs in natural and farmland soils along two transects in the Qilian Mountains of the northern Tibetan *** average abundance of MPs in natural and farmland soils was 29,778 and 56,123 items kg^(-1),respectively,with a detection size range of 10-1000μ*** in the size range of 10-100μm accounted for 84.1%of particles *** the 21 polymers detected,polyethylene dominated in both farmland and natural *** shape of MPs was dominated by fragments(95.8%),followed by fibers(3.8%)and beads(0.4%).The abundance of MPs was positively correlated with increasing altitude in natural *** was no significant correlation between the abundance of MPs and soil physicochemical properties due to the narrow range of values of soil physicochemical *** the growing concern regarding MPs pollution,research on the status of MPs in high altitude and remote areas is critical to understanding their global cycle.

关键词： Microplastics pollution Soil Remote areas Tibetan Plateau

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Flow field, sedimentation, and erosion characteristics around folded linear HDPE sheet sand fence: Numerical simulation study

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 113-130页

作者： ZHANG Kai ZHANG Hailong TIAN Jianjin QU Jianjun ZHANG Xingxin WANG Zhenghui XIAO jianhua college of Civil Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China college of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Wind and sand hazards are serious in the Milan Gobi area of the Xinjiang section of the Korla Railway. In order to ensure the safe operation of railroads, there is a need for wind and sand protection in heavily sandy areas. The wind and sand flow in the region is notably bi-directional. To shield railroads from sand, a unique sand fence made of folded linear high-density polyethylene(HDPE) is used, aligning with the principle that the dominant wind direction is perpendicular to the fence. This study employed field observations and numerical simulations to investigate the effectiveness of these HDPE sand fences in altering flow field distribution and offering protection. It also explored how these fences affect the deposition and erosion of sand particles. Findings revealed a significant reduction in wind speed near the fence corner;the minimum horizontal wind speed on the leeward side of the first sand fence(LSF) decreased dramatically from 3 m/s to 0.64 m/s. The vortex area on the LSF markedly impacted horizontal wind speeds. Within the LSF, sand deposition was a primary occurrence. As wind speeds increased, the deposition zone shrank, whereas the positive erosion zone expanded. Close to the folded corners of the HDPE sand fence, there was a notable shift from the positive erosion zone to a deposition zone. Field tests and numerical simulations confirmed the high windproof efficiency(WE) and sand resistance efficiency(SE) in the HDPE sand fence. Folded linear HDPE sheet sand fence can effectively slow down the incoming flow and reduce the sand content, thus achieving good wind and sand protection. This study provides essential theoretical guidance for the design and improvement of wind and sand protection systems in railroad engineering.

关键词： Folded linear HDPE sheet sand fence Numerical simulation Flow field characteristics Protection benefits

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Time-lagged Effects of the Spring atmospheric Heat Source over the Tibetan Plateau on Summer Precipitation in Northeast China during 1961–2020:Role of Soil Moisture

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1527-1538页

作者： Yizhe HAN Dabang JIANG Dong SI Yaoming MA Weiqiang MA Institute of atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China college of atmospheric sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The spring atmospheric heat source(AHS)over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has been suggested to affect the Asian summer monsoon and summer precipitation over South ***,its influence on the summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC)remains *** connection between spring TP AHS and subsequent summer precipitation over NEC from 1961 to 2020 is analyzed in this *** illustrate that stronger spring TP AHS can enhance subsequent summer NEC precipitation,and higher soil moisture in the Yellow River Valley-North China region(YRVNC)acts as a *** spring,the strong TP AHS could strengthen the transportation of water vapor to East China and lead to excessive rainfall in the ***,soil moisture increases,which regulates local thermal conditions by decreasing local surface skin temperature and sensible *** to the memory of soil moisture,the lower spring sensible heat over the YRVNC can last until mid-summer,decrease the land–sea thermal contrast,and weaken the southerly winds over the East Asia–western Pacific region and convective activities over the South China Sea and tropical western *** modulates the East Asia–Pacific teleconnection pattern,which leads to a cyclonic anomaly and excessive summer precipitation over NEC.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau atmospheric heat source Northeast China summer precipitation soil moisture

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Effects of antioxidant‑rich Lactiplantibacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on rumen fermentation, antioxidant and immunity status, and mammary gland gene expression in dairy goats

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1227-1240页

作者： Yixin Zhang Samaila Usman Qiang Li Fuhou Li Xia Zhang Luiz Gustavo Nussio Xusheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‑ecosystems School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000PR China Probiotics and Life Health Institute Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000PR China Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000PR China Department of Animal Science Luiz de Queiroz College of AgricultureUniversity of Sao PauloPiracicaba 13418‑900Brazil

Background Milk synthesis in lactating animals demands high energy metabolism,which results in an increased production of reactive oxygen metabolites(ROM)causing an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants thereby inducing oxidative stress(OS)on the *** mitigate OS and postpartum disorders in dairy goats and gain insight into the impact of dietary choices on redox status during lactation,a feeding trial was conducted using alfalfa silage inoculated with a high-antioxidant strain of Lactiplantibacillus *** Twenty-four Guanzhong dairy goats(38.1±1.20 kg)were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments:one containing silage inoculated with *** MTD/1(RSMTD-1),and the other containing silage inoculated with high antioxidant activity *** 24-7(ES24-7).Results ES24-7-inoculated silage exhibited better fermentation quality and antioxidant activity compared to *** ES24-7 diet elevated the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxi-dase(GSH-Px),and catalase(CAT)activities in milk,serum,and feces of lactating goats(with the exception of T-AOC in milk).Additionally,the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage enhanced casein yield,milk free fatty acid(FFA)content,and vitamin A level in the goats’***,an increase of immunoglobulin(Ig)A,IgG,IgM,inter-leukin(IL)-4,and IL-10 concentrations were observed,coupled with a reduction in IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,interferon(IFN)-γ,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αconcentrations in the serum of lactating goats fed *** concentrations of total volatile fatty acid(VFA),acetate,and propionate were observed in the rumen fluid of dairy goats fed ES24-7 inoculated ***,the diet containing ES24-7 inoculated silage significantly upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2(NFE2L2),beta-carotene oxygenase 1(BCO1),SOD1,SOD2,SOD3,GPX2,CAT,glu-tathione-disulfide reductase(GSR),and heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1)genes in the mammary gland,

关键词： Alfalfa silage Antioxidant activity Gene expression Goats Immunity Lactation

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Preface to the Special Issue on Causes, Impacts, and Predictability of Droughts for the Past, Present, and Future

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2024年第2期41卷 191-192页

作者： Tianbao ZHAO Aiguo DAI Jianping HUANG Lixia ZHANG Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China Department of atmospheric and Environmental sciences University at AlbanySUNYAlbanyNew York 80307USA Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Drought is a recurring dry condition with below-normal precipitation and is often associated with warm temperatures or heatwaves. A drought event can develop slowly over several weeks or suddenly within days, commonly under abnormal atmospheric conditions(e.g., quasi-stationary high-pressure systems), and can persist for weeks, months, or even years.

关键词： drought within suddenly

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The jasmonate pathway promotes nodule symbiosis and suppresses host plant defense in Medicago truncatula

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1183-1203页

作者： Da Guo Jingrui Li Peng Liu Yuzhan Wang Na Cao Xiangling Fang Tao Wang Jiangli Dong college of Biological sciences China Agricultural UniversityBejing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBejing 100193China state Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agricuture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730020China

Root nodule symbiosis(RNs)between legumes and rhizobia is a major source of nitrogen in agricultural *** symbiosis requires precise regulation of plant defense *** role of the defense hormone jasmonic acid(JA)in the immune response has been extensively *** research shows that JA can play either a positive or negative regulatory role in RNS depending on its concentration,but the molecular mechanisms remain to be *** this study,we found that inoculation with the rhizobia Sm1021 induces the JA pathway in Medicago truncatula,and blocking the JA pathway significantly reduces the number of infection *** in the MtMYc2 gene,which encodes a JA signaling master transcription factor,significantly inhibited rhizobia infection,terminal differentiation,and symbiotic cell *** RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing,we discovered that MtMYc2 regulates the expression of nodule-specific MtDNF2,MtNAD1,and MtSymCRK to suppress host defense,while it activates MtDNF1 expression to regulate the maturation of MtNCRs,which in turn promotes bacteroid *** importantly,MtMYC2 participates in symbiotic signal transduction by promoting the expression of ***,the MtMYC2-MtiPD3 transcriptional regulatory module is specifically present in legumes,and the Mtmyc2 mutants are susceptible to the infection by the pathogen Rhizoctonia ***,these findings reveal the molecular mechanisms of how the JA pathway regulates RNS,broadening our understanding of the roles of JA in plant-microbe interactions.

关键词： jasmonic acid MYC2 symbiosis defense Medicago truncatula

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The Earth Summit Mission-2022:Successful ozone soundings contribute to source identification in the north *** region

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 412-421页

作者： Jinqiang Zhang Chunxiang Ye Yuejian Xuan Zhixuan Bai Weili Lin Dan Li Lingkun Ran Baofeng Jiao YaomingMa Weiqiang Ma Nan Yao Yunshu Zeng Daren Lv Tong Zhu Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China college of Environmental sciences and Engineering Center for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas(Minzu university of China) National Ethnic Affairs CommissionBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Land-Atmosphere Interaction and Its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China college of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China college of atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China Kathmandu Center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan Electronic Engineering college Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China

As part of“The Earth Summit Mission-2022”during the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)in April and May 2022,we conducted the ozone sounding experiment(an ozonesonde mated to a radiosonde)at *** Base Camp(MQBC;86.85°E,28.14°N;5200 m),a location at an extremely high altitude.A total of ten sounding profiles were obtained between April 30 and May 06,2022,of which seven profiles were above35 km in altitude,with a maximum detection altitude up to 39.0 *** study presents the temporal variation and vertical distributions of atmospheric temperature,humidity,and ozone during the MQBC *** averaged ozone concentration was high(68.3 ppbv)at the surface and then increased smoothly until peaking(~110 ppbv)in the middle troposphere(approximately 10 km),and afterward,the ozone concentration increased rapidly from the upper troposphere to a maximum of~10 ppmv at~30 *** enhanced ozone concentration in the middle troposphere was associated with the blocking high pressure,and transport from the southern flank of the Himalayas occurred during the campaign *** average total ozone column was 291.9±21.4 DU for the seven profiles exceeding 35km in *** ozonesonde measurements were also compared with the vertical ozone profiles retrieved from the space-borne ozone products from the Microwave Limb Sounder(MLS)onboard the Aura satellite and the atmospheric Infrared Sounder(AIRS)onboard the Aqua satellite.

关键词： Ozone soundings Mt.Qomolangma Vertical ozone structure Ozone source Satellite data

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High-performance,stable CoNi LDH@Ni foam composite membrane with innovative peroxymonosulfate activation for 2,4-dichlorophenol destruction

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第7期141卷 235-248页

作者： Yu Liu Weibao Liu Xinrui Gan Jiangwei Shang Xiuwen Cheng college of Chemistry and Environmental Science Xinjiang Laboratory of Phase Transitions and Microstructures of Condensed Matter PhysicsYili Normal UniversityYining 835000China Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control Gansu ProvinceCollege of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

In this study,the cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxides(CoNi LDH)were synthesized with a variety of Co/Ni mass ratio,as *** comparison,Co1Ni3LDH presented the best peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation efficiency for 2,4-dichlorophenol ***,CoNi LDH@Nickel foam(CoNi LDH@NF)composite membrane was constructed for enhancing the stability of catalytic ***,CoNi LDH@NF-PMS system exerted high degradation efficiency of 99.22%within 90 min for 2,4-DCP when[PMS]_(0)=0.4 g/L,Co^(1)Ni^(3)LDH@NF=2 cm×2 cm(0.2 g/L),reaction temperature=298 *** the surface morphology and structure of the catalyst,it was demonstrated that the CoNi LDH@NF composite membrane possessed abundant cavity structure,good specific surface area and sufficient active ***,·OH,SO_(4)·^(-)and^(1)O_(2)played the primary role in the CoNi LDH@NF-PMS system for 2,4-DCP decomposition,which revealed the PMS activation mechanism in CoNi LDH@NF-PMS ***,this study eliminated the stability and adaptability of CoNi LDH@NF composite membrane,proposing a new theoretical basis of PMS heterogeneous catalysts selection.

关键词： CoNi LDH@NF composite membrane Peroxymonosulfate 2,4-dichlorophenol Reactive radicals

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