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Bioinformatics Analysis of Disease Resistance Gene PR1 and Its Genetic Transformation in Soybeans and Cultivation of Multi-resistant Materials

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1445-1464页

作者： Huimin Cui Shuo Qu Abraham Lamboro Yaolei Jiao Piwu Wang college of agronomy Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun1300118China

In agricultural production,a single insect-resistant and disease-resistant variety can no longer meet the *** this study,the expression vector pCAMBIA-3301-PR1 containing the disease-resistant gene PR1 was constructed by means of genetic engineering,and the PR1 gene was genetically transformed to contain the PR1 gene through the pollen tube *** CryAb-8Like transgenic high-generation T7 receptor soybean,a new material that is resistant to insects and diseases is *** T2 transformed plants,routine PCR detection,Southern Blot hybridization,fluorescence quantitative PCR detection,indoor and outdoor pest resistance identification and indoor disease resistance identification were *** results showed that there were 9 positive plants in the routine PCR test of T2 *** Southern Blot hybridization,both PR1 and CryAb-8Like genes are integrated in soybeans in the form of single *** quantitative PCR showed that the expression levels of PR1 and CryAb-8Like genes are different in different *** average expression levels of PR1 gene in plant roots,stems,and leaves are 2.88,1.54,and 5.26,***-8Like genes are found in roots,stems,and *** average expression levels were 1.36,1.39,and 4.25,*** insectivorous rate of the CryAb-8Like gene in outdoor plants with positive insect resistance identification was 3.78%.The disc partition method was used indoors for pest resistance identification,and the bud length of transformed plants increased *** average mortality rate of untransformed plants in indoor disease resistance identification was as high as 56.66%,and the average mortality rate of plants transformed with PR1 gene was 10.00%,and disease resistance was significantly ***,a new material with resistance to diseases and insects is obtained.

关键词： Soybean PR1 gene CryAb-8Like gene insect resistance disease resistance

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Coordinating environmental protection and agricultural development: a village-based case study for promoting green transformation

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 100-112页

作者： Kemo JIN Nico HEERINK William JDAVIES Jianbo SHEN Yifeitong ZHANG Yong HOU Yaqiao ZHAO Zhengxiong ZHAO Fusuo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Social Sciences Wageningen University and Research6700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Lancaster Environment Centre University of LancasterLancasterLA14YQUK college of Agricultural and environmental science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA college of Economics and Management Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China college of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China

Balancing ecological preservation with sustainable agricultural practices is a global issue. Erhai Lake has felt this challenge keenly. To address it, in 2022, a Science and Technology Backyards(STBs) project was launched in Gusheng Village. The goal of this is to care for the environment while ensuring that farms and farmers can thrive sustainably. The uniqueness of the Erhai STB arises from its interdisciplinary integration, encompassing fields such as ecology, agronomy and social science, resulting in specifically-designed solutions for the Erhai context. While this model aligns with broader STB paradigms, its distinctive edge lies in technological innovation and robust support mechanisms for local agricultural stakeholders. This paper describes the methodology and outcomes of the STB initiative, highlighting its pivotal role in spearheading sustainable transition in Erhai. Preliminary findings underscore the potential of the STB model as an efficacious tool for harmonizing environmental conservation and agricultural practices, that are both financially and environmentally sustainable, rendering it a potential model for comparable regions in China and other counties.

关键词： Agriculture green development Science and Technology Backyards Erhai environmental protection smallholders

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Discovering Candidate Chromosomal Regions Linked to Kernel Size-Related Traits via QTL Mapping and Bulked Sample Analysis in Maize

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1429-1443页

作者： Hameed Gul Mengya Qian Mohammad GArabzai Tianhui Huang Qiannan Ma Fangyu Xing Wan Cao Tingting Liu Hong Duan Qianlin Xiao Zhizhai Liu college of agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Department of agronomy Faculty of AgriculturePaktia UniversityGardiz2201Afghanistan

Kernel size-related traits,including kernel length,kernel width,and kernel thickness,are critical components in determining yield and kernel quality in maize(Zea mays L.).Dissecting the phenotypic characteristics of these traits,and discovering the candidate chromosomal regions for these traits,are of potential importance for maize yield and quality *** this study,a total of 139 F2:3 family lines derived from EHel and B73,a distinct line with extremely low ear height(EHel),was used for phenotyping and QTL mapping of three kernel sizerelated traits,including 10-kernel length(KL),10-kernel width(KWid),and 10-kernel thickness(KT).The results showed that only one QTL for KWid,i.e.,qKWid9 on Chr9,with a phenotypic variation explained(PVE)of 13.4%was detected between SNPs of AX-86298371 and AX-86298372,while no QTLs were detected for KL and KT across all 10 *** bulked groups of family lines,i.e.,Groups I to IV,were constructed with F2:3 family lines according to the phenotypic comparisons of KWid between EHel and *** these four groups,Group I possessed a significantly lower KWid than EHel(P=0.0455),Group II was similar to EHel(P=0.34),while both Group III and Group IV were statistically higher than EHel(P<0.05).Besides,except Group IV exhibited a similar KWid to B73(P=0.11),KWid of Groups I to III were statistically lower than B73(P<0.00).By comparing the bulked genotypes of the four groups to EHel and B73,a stable chromosomal region on Chr9 between SNPs of AX-86298372 to AX-86263154,entirely covered by qKWid9,was identified to link KWid with the positive allele of increasing phenotypic effect to KWid from B73,similar to that of qKWid9.A large amount of enzyme activity and macromolecule binding-related genes were annotated within this chromosomal region,suggesting qKWid9 as a potential QTL for KWid in maize.

关键词： Maize(Zea mays L.) kernel size-related traits QTL mapping bulked sample analysis(BSA)

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Characterization of subunits encoded by Sn RK1 and dissection of combinations among these subunits in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第2期22卷 642-649页

作者： XIAO Qian-lin HUANG Tian-hui ZHOU Chang CHEN Wei-xi CHA Jian-kui WEI Xi-mei XING Fang-yu QIAN Meng-ya MA Qian-nan DUAN Hong LIU Zhi-zhai college of agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715P.R.China

Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein *** commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological responses to biotic or abiotic *** plays a key role in distributing carbohydrates and sugar signal *** the present study,eight SnRK1 coding genes were identified in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)via sequences alignment,with three forαsubunits(SnRK1α1 to SnRK1α3),three forβ(SnRK1β1 to SnRK1β3),and one for bothγ(SnRK1γ)andβγ(SnRK1βγ).These eight corresponding genes located on five chromosomes(Chr)of Chr1–3,Chr7,and Chr9 and presented collinearities to SnRK1s from maize and rice,exhibiting highly conserved domains within the same subunits from the three kinds of *** results via qRT-PCR showed that different coding genes of SnRK1s in sorghum possessed similar expression patterns except for SnRK1α3 with a low expression level in grains and SnRK1β2 with a relatively high expression level in *** of subcellular localization in sorghum leaf protoplast showed that SnRK1α1/α2/α3/γmainly located on organelles,while the rest four of SnRK1β1/β2/β3/βγlocated on both membranes and some ***,three combinations were discovered among eight SnRK1 subunits in sorghum through yeast two hybrid,includingα1-β2-βγ,α2-β3-γ,andα3-β3-γ.These results provide informative references for the following functional dissection of SnRK1 subunits in sorghum.

关键词： sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.) SnRK1 expression analysis combination pattern

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Application of Improved UNet and EnglightenGAN for Segmentation and Reconstruction of In Situ Roots

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 520-532页

作者： Qiushi Yu Jingqi Wang Hui Tang Jiaxi Zhang Wenjie Zhang Liantao Liu Nan Wang college of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Hebei Agricultural University071000BaodingChina college of agronomy Hebei Agricultural University071000BaodingChina

The root is an important organ for crops to absorb water and *** and accurate acquisition of root phenotype information is important in root phenomics *** in situ root research method can obtain root images without destroying the *** the image,some of the roots are vulnerable to soil shading,which severely fractures the root system and diminishes its structural *** methods of ensuring the integrity of in situ root identification and establishing in situ root image phenotypic restoration remain to be ***,based on the in situ root image of cotton,this study proposes a root segmentation and reconstruction strategy,improves the UNet model,and achieves precise *** also adjusts the weight parameters of EnlightenGAN to achieve complete reconstruction and employs transfer learning to implement enhanced segmentation using the results of the former *** research results show that the improved UNet model has an accuracy of 99.2%,mIOU of 87.03%,and F1 of 92.63%.The root reconstructed by EnlightenGAN after direct segmentation has an effective reconstruction ratio of 92.46%.This study enables a transition from supervised to unsupervised training of root system reconstruction by designing a combination strategy of segmentation and reconstruction *** achieves the integrity restoration of in situ root system pictures and offers a fresh approach to studying the phenotypic of in situ root systems,also realizes the restoration of the integrity of the in situ root image,and provides a new method for in situ root phenotype study.

关键词： image establishing enable

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From the floret to the canopy:High temperature tolerance during flowering

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Plant Communications 2023年第6期4卷 22-41页

作者： Mayang Liu Yuhan Zhou Jiaxin Sun Fen Mao Qian Yao Baole Li Yuanyuan Wang Yingbo Gao Xin Dong Shuhua Liao Pu Wang Shoubing Huang college of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina college of agronomy South China Agricultural UniversityGuangdongChina Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences JinanChina Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences ChongqingChina

Heat waves induced by climate warming have become common in food-producing regions worldwide,frequently coinciding with high temperature(HT)-sensitive stages of many crops and thus threatening global food *** the HT sensitivity of reproductive organs is currently of great interest for increasing seed *** responses of seed set to HT involve multiple processes in both male and female reproductive organs,but we currently lack an integrated and systematic summary of these responses for the world’s three leading food crops(rice,wheat,and maize).In the present work,we define the critical high temperature thresholds for seed set in rice(37.2℃±0.2℃),wheat(27.3℃±0.5℃),and maize(37.9℃±0.4℃)during *** assess the HT sensitivity of these three cereals from the microspore stage to the lag period,including effects of HT on flowering dynamics,floret growth and development,pollination,and *** review synthesizes existing knowledge about the effects of HT stress on spikelet opening,anther dehiscence,pollen shedding number,pollen viability,pistil and stigma function,pollen germination on the stigma,and pollen tube ***-induced spikelet closure and arrest of pollen tube elongation have a catastrophic effect on pollination and fertilization in *** benefits from pollination under HT stress owing to bottom anther dehiscence and *** and secondary spikelet opening increase the probability of pollination success in wheat under HT ***,cereal crops themselves also have protective measures under HT *** canopy/tissue temperatures compared with air temperatures indicate that cereal crops,especially rice,can partly protect themselves from heat *** maize,husk leaves reduce inner ear temperature by about 5℃compared with outer ear temperature,thereby protecting the later phases of pollen tube growth and fertilization *** findings have important implications for accurate modeling,opt

关键词： high temperature seed set floret organs flowering pattern pollination

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Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Different Altitudes Affect Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Abundance and Colonization in Cacao Plantations of Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 57-82页

作者： Franklin Tounkam Ketchiemo Beaulys Fotso Astride Stéphanie Mouafi Djabou Victor Jos Eyamo Evina Japhet Youri Essambita Franck Maxime Ewane Tang Nicolas Niemenak Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teacher Training College University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of agronomy and Agricultural Sciences Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Applied Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Teacher Training College University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Plant Physiology Improvement Unit Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

This study aims to investigate the abundance of AMF according to soil properties and altitudes in different cacao plantations of Cameroon. Physico-chemical analyses were made on soil samples collected from three agro-ecological zones. Soil samples were also used to evaluate directly the AMF abundance following the various altitudes and after trapping by sorghum plant. The results showed that soil properties, AMF spore abundances and colonization fluctuated significantly at different altitudes. The most represented texture was sandy loam. The bimodal zone presented a homogeneous texture (sandy loam) in all its localities. Cacao soil chemical characteristics showed that, the highest nitrogen rate (0.47%;p 0.05, Scott-Knott test) was recorded at Melong in a monomodal zone while Tonga in the Western highlands displayed the lowest rate (0.13%). Soil P concentration was significantly high in monomodal zones (Mbanga and Melong). Soil pH level indicated that the soil from Tonga in the Western highlands was neutral (pH = 6.67), and soils of other localities under study were acidic with the lowest (4.75) pH level recorded at Melong in a monomodal zone. In soil samples, the highest spore density (1.03 spores/g soil) was observed at Ntui in Bimodal zone, while the lowest spore density (0.26 spores/g soil) was observed at Bafang in the Western highlands. Root colonization showed that the sample from Bokito in a bimodal zone displayed the best frequency of mycorrhization (86.11%) while the sample from Bafang in the Western highlands recorded the lowest (27.11%). The PCA analysis highlighted that available phosphorus, pH and altitude all strongly correlated with AMF root colonization ability and can be used as a predictor of AMF colonization ability in cacao rhizosphere.

关键词： Agroecological Zone Altitude Variations Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Soil Properties Theobroma cacao

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Irrigation mitigates the heat impacts on photosynthesis during grain filling in maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第8期22卷 2370-2383页

作者： WANG Xing-long ZHU Yu-peng YAN Ye HOU Jia-min WANG Hai-jiang LUO Ning WEI Dan MENG Qing-feng WANG Pu college of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100093P.R.China

Elevating soil water content(SWC)through irrigation was one of the simple mitigation measures to improve crop resilience to heat *** response of leaf function,such as photosynthetic capacity based on chlorophyll fluorescence during the mitigation,has received limited attention,especially in field conditions.A two-year field experiment with three treatments(control treatment(CK),high-temperature treatment(H),and high-temperature together with elevating SWC treatment(HW))was carried out during grain filling with two maize hybrids at a typical station in North China ***,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)was improved by 20%,and the canopy temperature decreased by 1–3℃ in HW compared with in H in both ***,the higher SWC in HW significantly improved the actual photosynthetic rate(Phi2),linear electron flow(LEF),variable fluorescence(F_(v)),and the maximal potential quantum efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))for both ***,different responses in chlorophyll fluorescence between hybrids were also *** higher SWC in HW significantly improved thylakoid proton conductivity(g H^(+))and the maximal fluorescence(F_(m))for the hybrid *** the hybrid XY335,the proton conductivity of chloroplast ATP synthase(v H^(+))and the minimal fluorescence(Fo)was increased by the *** structural equation model(SEM)further showed that SWC had significantly positive relationships with Pn,LEF,and F_(v)/F_(m).The elevating SWC alleviated heat stress with the delayed leaf senescence to prolong the effective period of photosynthesis and enhanced leaf photosynthetic capacity by improving Phi2,LEF,Fv,and F_(v)/F_(m).This research demonstrates that elevating SWC through enhancing leaf photosynthesis during grain filling would be an important mitigation strategy for adapting to the warming climate in maize production.

关键词： high temperature soil water content photosynthesis chlorophyll fluorescence maize

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Grain yield and grain moisture associations with leaf, stem and root characteristics in maize

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第7期21卷 1941-1951页

作者： XU Chen-chen ZHANG Ping WANG Yuan-yuan LUO Ning TIAN Bei-jing LIU Xi-wei WANG Pu HUANG Shou-bing college of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China

Improving grain yield(GY)and reducing grain moisture(GM)are urgent demands for directly harvesting kernels with combine harvesters in maize *** and GM are both related to leaf,stem and root characteristics,but the relationships are not fully *** better understand these relationships,we conducted a field trial involving 12 maize hybrids with two sowing dates in 2017 and 10 maize hybrids with one sowing date in *** ranged from 6.5–14.6 t ha^(–1) in early-sown varieties and 9.3–12.7 t ha^(–1) in late-sown varieties in 2017,and 5.9–7.4 t ha^(–1) in 2019,respectively,with corresponding GM variations of 29.8–34.9%,29.4–34.5%and 31.9–37.1%at harvest.A large maximum leaf area contributed to a high yield,a fast leaf senescence rate accelerated grain dehydration in the late growth period,and a compact root structure resulted in both of high-yield and fast-grain dehydration.A strong stem improved lodging resistance but maintained a high GM at harvest,and it is challenging to combine high GY and low GM in *** GY co-existed with low GM in some varieties that should have a rapid grain filling,a relatively long grain-filling duration,and a rapid grain dehydration in the late growth period.A high daily temperature in the late growth period also improved GY and reduced GM by influencing grain filling and dehydration,suggesting that adjusting the sowing date should be an alternative strategy to combine high GY and low GM in kernel harvesting.

关键词： maize grain yield grain moisture stem strength

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Integrated agronomic practice management decreases soil carbon emission and increases environmental ecological benefits of summer maize

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Pedosphere 2023年第4期33卷 649-658页

作者： Ningning YU Baizhao REN Bin ZHAO Peng LIU Jiwang ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and college of agronomy Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018(China)

Integrated agronomic practice management(IAPM)is an effective strategy for increasing nitrogen(N)use efficiency(NUE)and yield during crop *** various studies have evaluated the mechanism of a single agronomic management practice to increase yield and production efficiency and decrease environmental costs,few have investigated the effects of IAPM systems.A field experiment was conducted using four IAPM systems,a local smallholder farmers’practice system(T1),an improved management system(T2),a high-yield production system(T3),and an optimized management system(OMS),to study the annual yield,greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,carbon(C)footprint(CF),and net environmental ecological benefit(NEEB)of summer *** results revealed that OMS was the most advantageous choice of IAPM,which increased yield and NUE and reduced GHG emissions and *** OMS,yield and NUE were 42.6%and 88.1%higher,and N_(2)O,CO_(2),and CH4 emissions were on average 35.4%,5.8%,and 156.5%lower,respectively,than those under *** the four IAPM systems,OMS resulted in the best soil quality,the lowest soil bulk density,the highest soil C/N ratio,and the highest soil total organic C content,which contributed to reduced GHG *** footprint and cost were the lowest under OMS,which decreased fertilizer input and GHG *** management system reduced CF and C cost by 5.9%and 33.9%,respectively,and increased NEEB by 111.4%compared to *** T3 had the highest yield,it also had the highest GHG emissions and *** conclusion,OMS delivered a high yield and NUE while mitigating negative environmental impacts and increasing ***,OMS is a suitable management system to increase the productivity and sustainability of summer maize.

关键词： carbon cost carbon footprint greenhouse gas emissions net environmental ecological benefit nitrogen use efficiency optimized management system soil quality

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