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Field identification of morphological and physiological traits in two special mutants with strong tolerance and high sensitivity to drought stress in upland rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第5期18卷 970-981页

作者： HUANG Min XU Yu-hui WANG Hua-qi college of agronomy and biotechnology China Agricultural University

The two mutants idr1-1 and 297-28, which were obtained from the radiation mutation of HD297 and IAPAR9, were used as experimental materials in this study for a 2-year(2012 and 2013) experiment about field drought resistance identification in Beijing, China. Key agronomic traits and water-related physiological indexes were observed and measured, including the leaf anti-dead level(LADL), days to heading, plant height, setting percentage, aboveground biomass, leaf water potential(LWP), net photosynthetic rate(Pn) and transpiration rate. The results showed that the mutant idr1-1 that was under drought stress(DS) conditions for 2 years had the highest LADL grades(1.3 and 2.0) among all the materials, and they were 2–3 grades stronger than the wild-type IAPAR9 with an average that was 21.4% higher for the setting percentage than the wild type. Compared with the IAPAR9 for the 2-year average delay in the days to heading and the reduction rates in the plant height, setting percentage, and aboveground biomass under DS compared with the well-watered(WW) treatment, idr1-1 showed 3.2% less delay and 19.1, 16.4, and 6.1% less reduction, respectively. The idr1-1 in the LWP always exhibited the highest performance among all the materials. The Pn of idr1-1 under severe and mild DS comparing with that under WW was slightly decreased and even slightly increased, respectively, leading to an average reduction rate of only 0.92%, which was 26.93% less than that of IAPAR9. Under the severe DS, idr1-1 still showed the highest value of 16.88 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1 among all the materials and was significantly higher than that of IAPAR9(11.66 μmol CO2 m–2 s–1). Furthermore, only idr1-1 had the increased and the highest transpiration rate values(7.6 and 6.04 mmol H2 O m–2 s–1) under both mild and severe DS compared with the values under WW, when the transpiration rate of all the other materials significantly decreased. By contrast, the 297-28 in terms of the LADL grade under DS was the lowest(7.0)

关键词： rice mutants morphological and physiological traits drought resistance field identification

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A plastidic ATP/ADP transporter gene, IbAATP, increases starch and amylose contents and alters starch structure in transgenic sweetpotato

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第9期15卷 1968-1982页

作者： WANG Yan-nan LI Yan ZHANG Huan ZHAI Hong LIU Qing-chang HE Shao-zhen college of agronomy & biotechnology China Agricultural University

A plastidic adenosine triphosphate（ATP）/adenosine diphosphate（ADP） transporter（AATP） is responsible for importing ATP from the cytosol into plastids. In dicotyledonous plants, increasing ATP supply is a potential way to facilitate anabolic synthesis in heterotrophic plastids. In this study, a gene encoding the AATP protein, named Ib AATP, was isolated from sweetpotato（Ipomoea batatas（L.） Lam.）. Transcripts of Ib AATP were predominantly detected in the storage roots and leaves and were induced by exogenous sucrose and subjected to circadian rhythm. Transient expression of Ib AATP in tobacco and onion epidermal cells revealed the plastidic localization of Ib AATP. The overexpression of Ib AATP in sweetpotato significantly increased the starch and amylose contents and led to enlarged starch granules. The IbA ATP-overexpressing plants showed altered fine structure of amylopectin, which contained an increased proportion of chains with a degree of polymerization（DP） of 10–23 and a reduced number of chains with a DP of 5–9 and 24–40. In addition, starch from the transgenic plants exhibited different pasting properties. The transcript levels of starch biosynthetic genes, including Ib AGP, Ib GBSSI, Ib SSIIV, and Ib SBE, were differentially regulated in the transgenic plants. These results revealed the explicit role of Ib AATP in the starch biosynthesis of sweetpotato and indicated that this gene has the potential to be used to improve starch content and quality in sweetpotato and other plants.

关键词： sweetpotato Ib AATP starch content and composition starch granule size starch structure pasting properties

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Effects of variety and chemical regulators on cold tolerance during maize germination

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第12期17卷 2662-2669页

作者： WANG Li-jun ZHANG Ping WANG Ruo-nan WANG Pu HUANG Shou-bing college of agronomy and biotechnology China Agricultural University

Maize growth and development is affected by low temperature(LT) especially at the early stages of development. To describe the response of different varieties to LT stress and determine an effective method to cope with LT stress, maize hybrids Zhengdan 958(ZD 958) and Danyu 39(DY 39) were planted and grown at 10 and 25°C, respectively. Effects of the chemicals potassium chloride(KCl), gibberellin(GA), 2-diethylaminoethyl-3,4-dichlorophenylether(DCPTA), and all three combined chemicals(KGD) on coping with LT stress were tested by seed priming. The varieties performed significantly different at 10°C. Compared to leaf, root growth was more severely affected by LT stress. Root/leaf ratio is likely a more reliable parameter to evaluate cold tolerance based on its close correlation with leaf malondialdehyde(MDA) content(R=–0.8). GAadvanced seed germination by about 2 days compared with control treatment of water. GAand DCPTA both resulted in lower leaf MDA content and higher leaf and root area, and root/leaf ratio. KCl resulted in the highest evenness of plant height. KGD performed the best in increasing cold tolerance of maize morphologically and physiologically. Strategies to increase maize tolerance of cold stress, such as variety breeding or chemical selection, would increase maize yield especially at high-latitude regions and have great implications for food security.

关键词： cold tolerance maize seedlings root/shoot chemical regulators

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Contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield under rainfed and irrigation conditions for winter wheat cultivars released in the past 30 years in North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第10期15卷 2247-2256页

作者： WANG Yun-qi XI Wen-xing WANG Zhi-min WANG Bin XU Xue-xin HAN Mei-kun ZHOU Shun-li ZHANG Ying-hua college of agronomy and biotechnology China Agricultural University

To understand the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield and its response to water supply in the improvement of winter wheat, 15 cultivars released from 1980 to 2012 in North China Plain（NCP） were planted under rainfed and irrigated conditions from 2011 to 2013, and the ear photosynthesis was tested by ear shading. During the past 30 years, grain yield significantly increased, the flag leaf area slightly increased under irrigated condition but decreased significantly under rainfed condition, the ratio of grain weight：leaf area significantly increased, and the contribution of ear photosynthesis to grain yield changed from 33.6 to 64.5% and from 32.2 to 57.2% under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Grain yield, yield components, and ratio of grain weight：leaf area were positively related with contribution of ear photosynthesis. The increase in grain yield in winter wheat was related with improvement in ear photosynthesis contribution in NCP, especially under rainfed condition.

关键词： wheat ear photosynthesis grain yield improvement of cultivars

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Evaluation of Curvularia lunata Strain B6 as a Potential Mycoherbicide to Control Barnydrgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1201-1207页

作者： LI Jing WEI Tao SUN Ai-rui NI Han-wen college of agronomy and biotechnology China Agricultural University

The virulent strain B6 of Curvularia lunata was screened out from 65 fungus strains isolated from the diseased leaves of barnyardgrass （Echinochloa crus-galli）. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the strain being exploited as a mycoherbicide for barnyardgrass control in paddy fields. The results of pathogenicity experiments showed that this strain was highly pathogenic to barnyardgrass at the 1- to 2.5-leaf stages. The fresh weight reduction increased with the increase of inoculated conidial concentrations and the prolongation of dew duration. Strain B6 provided excellent barnyardgrass control when it was applied at the concentration of 1×104-1×106 conidia mL-1 in paddy fields with water layer. This strain was very safe to rice and the most plant species except wheat, barley and corn. Findings of this study indicated that this strain could be a potential mycoherbicide for barnyardgrass control in paddy fields in the future.

关键词： barnyardgrass Curvularia lunata biological control mycoherbicide rice

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QTL analysis of leaf photosynthesis rate and related physiological traits in Brassica napus

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1261-1268页

作者： YAN Xing-ying QU Cun-min LI Jia-na CHEN Li LIU Lie-zhao college of agronomy and biotechnology Southwest University biotechnology Research Center Southwest University

Rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） oil is the crucial source of edible oil in China. In addition, it can become a major renewable and sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production in the future. It is known that photosynthesis products are the primary sources for dry matter accumulation in rapeseed. Therefore, increasing the photosynthetic efficiency is desirable for the raise of rapeseed yield. The objective of the present study was to identify the genetic mechanism of photosynthesis based on the description of relationships between different photosynthetic traits and their quantitative trait loci （QTL） by using a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population with 172 lines. Specifically, correlation analysis in this study showed that internal CO2 concentration has negative correlations with other three physiological traits under two different stages. Totally, 11 and 12 QTLs of the four physiological traits measured at the stages 1 and 2 were detected by using a high-density single nu- cleotidepolymorphism （SNP） markers linkage map with composite interval mapping （CIM）, respectively. Three co-localized QTLs on A03 were detected at stage 1 with 5, 5, and 10% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Other two co-localized QTLs were located on A05 at stage 2, which explained up to 12 and 5% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The results are beneficial for our understanding of genetic control of photosynthetic physiological characterizations and improvement of rapeseed yield in the future.

关键词： Brassica napus photosynthesis quantitative trait loci (QTL)

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Effects of cultivation conditions on the diversity of microbes involved in the conversion of rice straw to fodder

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第1期19卷 67-73页

作者： YANG Hong-yan GAO Li-juan WANG Xiao-fen WANG Wei-dong CUI Zong-jun college of agronomy and biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

To confirm the optimum cultivation conditions for analyzing lactic acid bacterial communities and to provide the cultivation foundation for lactic acid bacterial communities that were used to convert straw into fodder, fermented rice straw was inoculated into 13 different broths. After 48 h of cultivation, pH values, volatile products, and microbial diversity were analyzed. Except for LAB broth, the pH values of the other broths could decrease to approximately 4.5. GC/MS analysis showed that lactic acid in Tomato MRS broth, MRS broth, LAB broth, and Tomato juice broth was higher than that in the other broths. DNA concentration analysis showed that the counts of microbes in Tomato MRS broth were 2.5 times of those in other broths and that tomato juice favored the reproduction of the microbes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） analysis showed that the number of lactic acid bacterial species in HYA broth, Tomato juice broth, and Tomato MRS broth were higher than those in the other broths.

关键词： straw cultivation condition microbial diversity DGGE

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Genetic mapping and identification of Lg^(f) loci controlling green fuzz in Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 777-784页

作者： Dexin Liu Xueying Liu Yao Su Xiao Zhang Kai Guo Zhonghua Teng Jian Zhang Dajun Liu Zhengsheng Zhang college of agronomy and biotechnology Southwest UniversityChongqing 400716China

Naturally colored cotton fiber is environment-friendly but has monotonous color and poor fiber *** of green fiber or fuzz genes would aid in investigating the biosynthesis of green pigments in cotton fibers. In this study, we established a mapping population and found that the Lg^(f) trait(white lint and green fuzz) from Gossypium hirsutum race latifolium is controlled by an incompletely dominant *** Lg^(f) locus was mapped to a 71-kb interval on chromosome 21 containing seven genes, including a transcription factor with similarity to Arabidopsis MYB9. Harboring 13 SNPs and a 4-bp insertion/deletion in its promoter, GhMYB9 was highly up-regulated in the critical period for green pigment development in fuzz. Virus-induced gene silencing of GhMYB9 in a green-fuzz accession of G. hirsutum race latifolium TX-41 conferred white or light green fuzz. These results suggest that GhMYB9 is an important contributor to green pigments in cotton fiber and shed light on the regulatory mechanism controlling green pigmentation.

关键词： Upland cotton Green fuzz Lg^(f) MYB9 Green pigment

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Overexpression of BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 promotes cuticular wax production and increases drought tolerance in Brassica napus

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The Crop Journal 2020年第1期8卷 26-37页

作者： Yanmei Wang Shurong Jin Yi Xu Shuai Li Shuangjuan Zhang Zheng Yuan Jiana Li Yu Ni college of agronomy and biotechnology Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest University

Higher amounts of cuticular wax in plants have been associated with improved plant stress tolerance and increased potential for industrial *** this study,orthologs of KCS1 and CER1 in Arabidopsis,designated BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2,were isolated from Brassica *** of BnKCS1-1 and BnKCS1-2 in *** were induced by abscisic acid(ABA)and drought treatment,while transcription of BnCER1-2 was induced only by drought *** three gene transcripts decreased significantly when plants were treated with methyl jasmonate(MeJA)or subjected to cold *** of BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter led to a significant increase in cuticular wax on transgenic *** ***1-1 and BnKCS1-2 overexpression led to similar differences from non-transformed plants,with significantly higher levels of aldehydes(C29 and C30),alkanes(C28,C29,and C31)and secondary alcohols(C28 and C29),and a significantly lower level of C29 *** of BnCER1-2 led to an increase in alkanes(C27,C28,C29,and C31),a decrease in secondary alcohols(C28 and C29),and insignificant changes in other wax *** electron microscopy revealed that overexpression of BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 in *** resulted in a higher density of wax crystals on the leaf surface than observed in non-transformed *** plants showed a reduced rate of water loss and increased drought tolerance compared to non-transformed *** results suggest that BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 gene products can modify the cuticular wax of *** cuticular waxes using transgenic approaches is a new strategy for genetic improvement of plant drought tolerance and provides an opportunity for development of *** as a surface-wax crop.

关键词： Brassica napus Cuticular wax Drought tolerance Overexpression Transformation

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The transcription factor IbNAC29 positively regulates the carotenoid accumulation in sweet potato

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Horticulture Research 2023年第3期10卷 189-200页

作者： Shihan Xing Ruijie Li Haoqiang Zhao Hong Zhai Shaozhen He Huan Zhang Yuanyuan Zhou Ning Zhao Shaopei Gao Qingchang Liu Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMinistry of EducationCollege of Agronomy&BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Carotenoid is a tetraterpene pigment beneficial for human *** the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively studied in plants,relatively little is known about their regulation in sweet ***,we conducted the transcriptome database of differentially expressed genes between the sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)cultivar‘Weiduoli’and its high-carotenoid mutant‘HVB-3’.In this study,we selected one of these candidate genes,IbNAC29,for subsequent ***29 belongs to the plant-specific NAC(NAM,ATAF1/2,and CUC2)transcription factor *** IbNAC29 mRNA level in the HVB-3 storage roots was∼1.71-fold higher than *** experiments showed that the contents ofα-carotene,lutein,β-carotene,zeaxanthin,and capsanthin are obviously increased in the storage roots of transgenic sweet potato plants overexpressing ***,the levels of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in transgenic plants were also ***,yeast one-hybrid assays indicated that IbNAC29 could not directly bind to the promoters of these carotenoid biosynthesis ***,the level of IbSGR1 was down-regulated,whose homologous genes in tomato can negatively regulate carotene *** three-hybrid analysis revealed that the IbNAC29-IbMYB1R1-IbAITR5 could form a regulatory *** one-hybrid,electrophoretic mobility shift assay,quantitative PCR analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that IbAITR5 directly binds to and inhibits the promoter activity of IbSGR1,up-regulating carotenoid biosynthesis gene *** together,IbNAC29 is a potential candidate gene for the genetic improvement of nutritive value in sweet potato.

关键词： roots sweet potato

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