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An Overview of the Semi-arid Climate and Environment Research Observatory over the Loess Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 906-921页

作者：黄建平张武左金清闭建荣史晋森王鑫常倬林黄忠伟杨溯张北斗王国印冯广泓袁九毅张镭左洪超王式功符淙斌丑纪范 college of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Arid and semi-arid areas comprise about 30% of the earth＇s surface. Changes in climate and climate variability will likely have a significant impact on these regions. The Loess Plateau over Northwest China is a special semi-arid land surface and part of a dust aerosol source. To improve understanding and capture the direct evidence of the impact of human activity on the semi-arid climate over the Loess Plateau, the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University （SACOL） was established in 2005. SACOL consists of a large set of instruments and focuses on：（1） monitoring of long term tendencies in semiarid climate changes; （2） monitoring of the aerosol effect on the water cycle; （3） studies of interaction between land surface and the atmosphere; （4） improving the land surface and climate models; and （5） validation of space-borne observations. This paper presents a description of SACOL objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Preliminary observation results are also reviewed in this paper.

关键词： cloud aerosol land surface semi-arid Loess Plateau SACOL

Review of recent studies of the climatic effects of urbanization in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第3期7卷 154-168页

作者： YAN Zhong-Wei WANG Jun XIA Jiang-Jiang FENG Jin-Ming Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences college of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper summarizes recent studies on the effects of urbanization on climate in China. The effects of urbanization on local climate trends have been re-estimated based on homogenized observations and using improved methods. In this respect, the effect of urbanization on the observed warming trend of local surface air temperatures during the last few decades is determined as being about 20% at urban stations such as the Beijing Observatory. The large-scale weakening trend of wind speed is also about 20% more prominent at the city center than its surroundings. The effect of urbanization on precipitation is not profound, but results of high-resolution regional climate modeling suggest that this effect may depend on the urban extent. Although the urban heat island(UHI) should favor local atmospheric convection and hence precipitation, the increasingly extending urban land-use may reduce precipitation over the urban cluster in North China. It is found that urbanization can play a more notable role in extreme events than usual weather. High-resolution simulations show a positive feedback between the UHI and the super-heat wave in Shanghai during Julye August 2013. Relevant studies dealing with urban climate adaptation are discussed in relation to recent ?ndings.

关键词： Regional climate change Urbanization effect Homogenized observation series High-resolution modeling Climate adaptation

Natural selection maintains the transcribed LTR retrotransposons in Nosema bombycis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2010年第5期37卷 305-314页

作者： Heng Xiang Guoqing Pan Ruizhi Zhang Jinshan Xu Tian Li Wenle Li Zeyang Zhou Zhonghuai Xiang Institute of sericulture and Systems Biology Southwest University Beibei Chongqing 400715 China college of Life Science Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 400047 China Biotechnology Research Center Southwest University Beibei Chongqing 400715 China

Eight intact LTR retrotransposons （Nbr1-Nbr8） have been previously characterized from the genome of Nosema bombycis, a eu- karyotic parasite with a compact and reduced genome. Here we describe six novel transcribed Nbr elements （Nbr9-Nbr14） identified through either cDNA library or RT-PCR. Like previously determined ones, all of them belong to the Ty3/Gypsy superfamily. Retrotransposon diversity and incomplete domains with insertions （Nbr12）, deletions （Nbrll） and in-frame stop codons in coding regions （Nbr9） were detected, suggesting that both defective and loss events of LTR retrotransposon have happened in N. bornbycis genome. Analysis of selection showed that strong purifying selection acts on all elements except Nbr11. This implies that selective pressure keeps both these Nbrs and their functions in genome. Interestingly, Nbrll is under positive selection and some positively selected codons were identified, indicating that new functionality might have evolved in the Nbrll retrotransposon. Unlike other transposable elements, Nbrll has integrated into a conserved syntenic block and probably resulted in the inversion of both flanking regions. This demonstrates that transposable element is an important factor for the reshuffling and evolution of their host genomes, and may be maintained under natural selection.

关键词： microsporidia LTR retrotransposon transcribed purifying selection positive selection

Resveratrol elongates the lifespan and improves antioxidant activity in the silkworm Bombyx mori

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第3期11卷 374-382页

作者： Jiangbo Song Lian Liu Kaige Hao Shuang Mao Yongxi Tang Xiaoling Tong Fangyin Dai State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic BreedingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of BiotechnologySouthwest UniversityNo.2 Tiansheng RoadBeibei DistrictChongqing400715China

A number of research has shown that the plant polyphenol resveratrol,one of the most prominent small molecules,has beneficial protective effects in multiple organisms,including worms,flies,and *** understand the effects of resveratrol on lifespan,we evaluated its effects in the silkworm Bombyx *** this study,we found that lifespan was significantly prolonged in both female and male silkworms treated with *** larval weight was significantly increased from day 3 of the 5th larval instar(L5D3)to day 7 of the 5th larval instar(L5D7).However,the weight of the pupa,cocoon,and total cocoon was not significantly different in female silkworms with resveratrol treatment than that in ***,resveratrol significantly improved the thermotolerance of the silkworms,which enhanced their survival ***,antioxidant activity was increased by resveratrol in both female and male ***,an antioxidant-related signalling pathway,SIRT7-FoxO-GST,was activated in silkworms with resveratrol ***,these results help us to understand the molecular pathways underlying resveratrol induced pro-longevity effects and indicate that silkworm is a promising animal model for evaluating the effects of lifespan-extending drugs.

关键词： Resveratrol Bombyx mori Lifespan Antioxidant activity SIRT7-FoxO-GST pathway

QTL mapping of economically important traits in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2004年第5期47卷 477-484页

作者： LU Cheng, LI Bin, ZHAO Aichun & XIANG Zhonghuai The Key sericulture Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, college of sericulture & Biotechnology, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, China The Key sericulture Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture of China College of Sericulture & BiotechnologySouthwest Agricultural UniversityChongqing 400716China

A backcrossed population (BC1) was derived from a cross between C100 and Dazao. AFLP technique was employed for mapping the QTLs. The QTLs for the whole cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, ratio of cocoon shell, weight of pupae etc. were analyzed and 11 QTLs were detected based on the constructed linkage map. Two QTLs for whole cocoon weight were local-ized on linkage group 6 and 19; three QTLs for cocoon shell weight were localized on linkage group 3, 14 and 19; three QTLs for ratio of cocoon shell were localized on the linkage group 2, 11 and 15, and three QTLs for the weight of pupae were localized on linkage 2, 14 and 19. All these have laid an important base for the marker assisted breeding of the silkworm.

关键词： Bombyx mori,genetic linkage map,AFLP,QTL,green cocoon.

Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasting Based on Ensemble Output Using Generalized Additive Models and Bayesian Model Averaging

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2012年第1期26卷 1-12页

作者：杨赤严中伟邵月红 college of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

A probabilistic precipitation forecasting model using generalized additive models （GAMs） and Bayesian model averaging （BMA） was proposed in this paper. GAMs were used to fit the spatial-temporal precipitation models to individual ensemble member forecasts. The distributions of the precipitation occurrence and the cumulative precipitation amount were represented simultaneously by a single Tweedie distribution. BMA was then used as a post-processing method to combine the individual models to form a more skillful probabilistic forecasting model. The mixing weights were estimated using the expectation-maximization algorithm. The residual diagnostics was used to examine if the fitted BMA forecasting model had fully captured the spatial and temporal variations of precipitation. The proposed method was applied to daily observations at the Yishusi River basin for July 2007 using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ensemble forecasts. By applying scoring rules, the BMA forecasts were verified and showed better performances compared with the empirical probabilistic ensemble forecasts, particularly for extreme precipitation. Finally, possible improvements and a^plication of this method to the downscaling of climate change scenarios were discussed.

关键词： Bayesian model averaging generalized additive model probabilistic precipitation forecasting,TIGGE Tweedie distribution

Higher palaeoelevation in the Baoshan Basin:Implications for landscape evolution at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 563-580页

作者： Yong-Jiang Huang Hao-Ran Zong Shi-Tao Zhang Arata Momohara Jin-Jin Hu Lin-Bo Jia Yun-Heng Ji Zhe-Kun Zhou Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201Yunnan ProvinceChina college of Forestry Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018Shandong ProvinceChina Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093Yunnan ProvinceChina Graduate School of Horticulture Chiba UniversityChiba 271-8510Japan Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303Yunnan ProvinceChina

Surface uplift at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau has been widely studied,but more palaeoaltimetry data are required to better understand the elevation history of this geologically complex *** this study,fossil leaves of Abies(Pinaceae),a cool-temperate element,recovered from the latest MioceneePliocene Yangyi Formation of the southern Baoshan Basin,were used as a proxy to estimate the local *** on the regional modern altitude range(2100e4280 m)of the genus as well as regional temperature discrepancy(1.5℃)between the past and present,the palaeoelevation of the study area was calculated to be>2360 m above sea level as compared to 1670 m at *** result suggests that the southern Baoshan Basin experienced pronounced uplift prior to the time of fossil deposition,probably as a result of crustal shortening and thickening of the northern Baoshan Terrane during the *** infer that surface growth in areas south of the Dali Basin may have been greater than previously interpreted,and that a widespread plateau or plateau patches higher than 2000 m probably extended southwards into at least the Baoshan Basin by the latest *** also infer that the elevation of the southern Baoshan Basin has decreased by at least 690 m since then,in contrast to most other scenarios in which the elevation of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau has increased or remained close to modern levels since the late *** major cause of the inferred altitude decline is likely tectonic *** a transtensional graben basin,the Baoshan Basin has experienced pull-apart and base-fall movement since the late Miocene,which would reduce the altitude of its southern part located on the hanging *** erosion associated with the increased summer rainfall might also have played a role especially in reducing the local relief,although its contribution can be *** study provides one of the few palaeoelevation

关键词： Abies Lapse rate Palaeoaltimetry Surface uplift Tectonic movement Tibetan plateau

Detection and attribution of abrupt climate changes in the last one hundred years

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Chinese Physics B 2008年第6期17卷 2311-2316页

作者：张文万仕全 Tongda college Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunications Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Climate Studies of China Meteorological Administration National Climate Center Yangzhou Meterorological Office

Based on physical backgrounds, the four time series of the Guliya （Tibetan plateau） ice core （GIC） 5180, and three natural factors, i.e. the rotation rate of earth, sunspots, and E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） signals, are decomposed into two hierarchies, i.e. more and less than 10-year hierarchies respectively, and then the running t-test is used to reanalyse the data before and after filtering with the purpose of investigating the contribution of natural factors to the abrupt climate changes in the last one hundred years. The results show that the GIC 5180 evolved with a quasi-period of 7-9 years, and the abrupt climate changes in the early 1960s and in the period from the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s resulted from the joint effect of the two hierarchies, in other words, the two interdecadal abrupt changes of climate in the last one hundred years were global. The interannual variations of ENSO and sunspots were the important triggering factors for the abrupt climate changes in the last one hundred years. At the same time, the method of Information Transfer （IT） is employed to estimate the contributions of ENSO signals and sunspots activities to the abrupt climate changes, and it is found that the contribution of the interannual variation of ENSO signals is relatively large.

关键词： abrupt climate change time series analysis running t-Test

Inducing and isolation of antibacterial peptides from oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel

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Insect Science 2006年第4期13卷 257-262页

作者： XIANG-LI DANG JIN-HUAN TIAN HUI-YU YI WEN-XIAN WANG MIN ZHENG YI-FENG LI YANG CAO SHUO-YANG WEN Department of Entomology South China Agricultural University Department of Material Science and Engineering Jinan University Department of sericulture Science College of Animal Science South China Agricultural University GuangzhouChina

One antibacterial activity fraction from an immunized dipteran insect, Bactrocera dorsalis, was isolated and purified by prepurification, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The final purified fraction was checked on the Smart system HPLC and was judged as a pure fraction. The results of physical and biological analysis revealed that this fraction is heat stable and showed strong activities against Gram-positive bacterial growth. It possesses antibicrobial peptide properties and is worth further investigation.

关键词： antibacterial peptides Bactrocera dorsalis gel filtration chromatography ionexchange chromatography reverse-phase HPLC