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Potassium alleviated high nitrogen-induced apple growth inhibition by regulating photosynthetic nitrogen allocation and enhancing nitrogen utilization capacity

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 1-14页

作者： Xinxiang Xu Guangyuan Liu Jingquan Liu Mengxue Lyu Fen Wang Yue Xing Hao Meng Min Li Yu Jiang Ge Tian Zhanling Zhu Yuanmao Jiang Shunfeng Ge State Key Laboratory of Crop biology College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular biology in Universities of Shandong College of Biological and Agricultural EngineeringWeifang UniversityWeifangShandong 261061China

There is a close relationship between potassium(K)and nitrogen(N).However,the roles of K under high N conditions remain *** a hydroponics approach,we monitored the morphological,physiological,and molecular changes in M9T337 apple(Malus domestica)rootstocks under different nitrate(10 and 30 mmol·L^(-1)NO_(3)^(-))and K supply(0.5,6,10,and 20 mmol·L_(-1)K^(+))*** revealed that high nitrate inhibited the root growth of M9T337 rootstocks,downregulated the expressions of K transporter genes(MdPT5,MdHKT1,and MdATK1),and reduced the net NO3-and K+influx at the surface of roots,thereby resulting in an N/K imbalance in *** investigation showed that 10 mmol·L^(-1)K increased the activity of N metabolic enzymes(NR,GS,NiR,and GOGAT),upregulated the expressions of genes related to nitrate uptake and transport(MdNRT1.1,MdNRT1.2,MdNRT1.5,and MdNRT2.4),promoted15N transport from the roots to the shoots,optimized leaf N distribution,and improved photosynthetic N utilization efficiency under high nitrate *** results suggest that the negative effects of high nitrate may be related to the N/K imbalance and that reducing N/K in plants by increasing K supply level can effectively alleviate the inhibition of N assimilation by high nitrate stress.

关键词： Apple rootstock K level High nitrate stress N metabolism ^(15)N

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Shor's algorithm does not factor large integers in the presence of noise

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 305-320页

作者： Jin-Yi CAI college of Letters and science University of Wisconsin

We consider Shor's quantum factoring algorithm in the setting of noisy quantum gates. Under a generic model of random noise for(controlled) rotation gates, we prove that the algorithm does not factor integers of the form pq when the noise exceeds a vanishingly small level in terms of n—the number of bits of the integer to be factored, where p and q are from a well-defined set of primes of positive density. We further prove that with probability 1-o(1) over random prime pairs(p, q), Shor's factoring algorithm does not factor numbers of the form pq, with the same level of random noise present.

关键词： random noise Shor’s algorithm rotation gates quantum computing prime factorization

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Refining biome labeling for large-scale microbial community samples:Leveraging neural networks and transfer learning

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Environmental science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 128-137页

作者： Nan Wang Teng Wang Kang Ning Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imagingCenter of AI BiologyDepartment of Bioinformatics and Systems BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074HubeiChina

Microbiome research has generated an extensive amount of data,resulting in a wealth of publicly accessible *** annotation of these samples is crucial for effectively utilizing microbiome data across scientific ***,a notable challenge arises from the lack of essential annotations,particularly regarding collection location and sample biome information,which significantly hinders environmental microbiome *** this study,we introduce Meta-Sorter,a novel approach utilizing neural networks and transfer learning,to enhance biome labeling for thousands of microbiome samples in the MGnify database that have incomplete *** findings demonstrate that Meta-Sorter achieved a remarkable accuracy rate of 96.7%in classifying samples among the 16,507 lacking detailed biome ***,Meta-Sorter provides precise classifications for representative environmental samples that were previously ambiguously labeled as“Marine”in MGnify,thereby elucidating their specific origins in benthic and water column ***,Meta-Sorter effectively distinguishes samples derived from human-environment interactions,enabling clear differentiation between environmental and human-related *** improving the completeness of biome label information for numerous microbial community samples,our research facilitates more accurate knowledge discovery across diverse disciplines,with particular implications for environmental research.

关键词： Microbial community Transfer learning Sample classification Environmental scientific research Novel knowledge discovery

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Effects of the fertilizer and water management on amino acids and volatile components in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 69-79页

作者： Kui Zhang Wenhuai Kang Weihua Han Haijun Ma Daozhi Gong Ling Qin college of Food science and biology Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China college of Biological science and Engineering North Minzu UniversityYinchuan 750021China

The amino acids and the volatile substances in grapes and wines play important roles in their quality,and the concentrations of these substances can be changed by how a vineyard is managed,e.g.,irrigation and fertigation *** study aimed to evaluate the effect of fertilizer and water management on the distribution of amino acids,the volatile component profiles,and the sensory characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and *** results showed that the amino acid concentration in grape berries was the highest under the 100%local fertilizer rate(HF)and 100%water irrigation quota(HW)treatment,and the volatile component concentration in wine was the highest under HF and 80%water irrigation quota(MW)*** effect of irrigation on the amino acid content in grapes was greater than that of *** synergistic effect of fertilizer and water on arginine,serine,and glutamine in grape berries was *** interactive effect of fertigation and irrigation on the volatile substance in grapes was greater than that of fertigation and irrigation *** influence of irrigation on volatile substances in wines was greater than that of *** addition,there was also a correlation between the concentrations of multiple amino acids in grapes and volatile components in *** component analysis showed that the wine from the HFMW treatment had the best quality among all treatments.

关键词： fertilizer and water management grape ine amino acids volatile components

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Resistance index and browning mechanism of apple peel under high temperature stress

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第2期10卷 305-317页

作者： Hui Wang Shuhui Zhang Zidun Wang Dongmei Li Leiyu Yan Yifeng Feng Xiaojie Liu Rongxin Chen Wenmin Fan Lulong Sun Zhengyang Zhao college of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China college of Horticultural science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyTai'anShandong 271018China

Apples are one of the most important economic crops *** of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect normal fruit growth and reduce fruit quality and *** took five-year-old Ruixue’(Qinfu 1×Pink Lady;CNA20151469.1) fruits as test materials,and the ambient temperature during fruit development was *** results showed that during the fruit-growing season,especially during the rapid growth stage (July to August),the maximum daily temperature exceeded 30℃ and lasted for more than 40 *** determine the effects of high temperature stress on the apple fruit resistance,we treated expanding,veraison,and maturity-period fruits at different *** was found that the fruits of the expanding period showed strong resistance to high temperature stress,whereas during veraison and maturity,fruit resistance to high temperature stress decreased,and the fruit peel browning phenotype ***,the content of malonaldehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)),and superoxide anion (O._(2)^(-)) in the peel gradually increased with increasing *** content of total phenols,flavanol,and flavonoids in the peel decreased substantially at 45℃.Moreover,it was found that polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO1) was most sensitive to high temperature stress in ***,transient and stable MdPPO1 overexpression significantly promoted peel *** transgenic materials were more sensitive to high temperatures,and browning was more severe compared to non-genetically modified organism (WT).Stable MdPPO1 knockout calli obtained via clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene knockout technology reduced the browning phenotype,and the resultant fruits were not sensitive to the effects of high temperature ***,MdPPO1 expression may be a key factor of high temperature-related changes observed in the browni

关键词： Malus domestica Borkh High temperature stress Peel Browning MdPPO1

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One-Pot Stereoselective Synthesis of Different Fused Multicyclic Iminosugars Based on the Iminium-lon Intermediate

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 142-150页

作者： Song Xie Jilai Wu Likai Zhou Chao Wei Xiaoliu Li Hua Chen Key Laboratoryof Chemical biology of Hebei Province College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHebei UniversityBaodingHebei 071002China college of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xingtai UniversityXingtaiHebei 054001China

Different novel fused multicyclic iminosugars were synthesized from D-ribose tosylate,aniline and vinyl ethyl ether by one-pot three-component stereoselective[4+2]reaction at different *** iminium-ion is the key intermediate for the *** a result,several complex fused iminosugars 3a were obtained by aza-Diels-Alder mechanism at 60℃,while a series of aza-C-glycosides 5a were prepared by Mannich reaction at room temperature accompanied by another tetrahydroquinoline-fused iminosugars 4a(tricyclic derivatives)through aza-Diels-Alder *** strategy will help to construct structurally diverse and bioactive iminosugar analogues.

关键词： Fused multicyclic iminosugar Aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition Mannich reaction Tetrahydroquinoline Multicomponent reactions Enantioselectivity Cyclization

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A Weakly-Supervised Crowd Density Estimation Method Based on Two-Stage Linear Feature Calibration

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 965-981页

作者： Yong-Chao Li Rui-Sheng Jia Ying-Xiang Hu Hong-Mei Sun the college of Computer science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590 the Faculty of Information science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266000China the college of Computer science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China the college of Computer science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210000China

In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation *** this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd datasets,and propose a crowd density estimation method based on weakly-supervised learning,in the absence of crowd position supervision information,which directly reduces the number of crowds by using the number of pedestrians in the image as the supervised *** this purpose,we design a new training method,which exploits the correlation between global and local image features by incremental learning to train the ***,we design a parent-child network(PC-Net)focusing on the global and local image respectively,and propose a linear feature calibration structure to train the PC-Net simultaneously,and the child network learns feature transfer factors and feature bias weights,and uses the transfer factors and bias weights to linearly feature calibrate the features extracted from the Parent network,to improve the convergence of the network by using local features hidden in the crowd *** addition,we use the pyramid vision transformer as the backbone of the PC-Net to extract crowd features at different levels,and design a global-local feature loss function(L2).We combine it with a crowd counting loss(LC)to enhance the sensitivity of the network to crowd features during the training process,which effectively improves the accuracy of crowd density *** experimental results show that the PC-Net significantly reduces the gap between fullysupervised and weakly-supervised crowd density estimation,and outperforms the comparison methods on five datasets of Shanghai Tech Part A,ShanghaiTech Part B,UCF_CC_50,UCF_QNRF and JHU-CROWD++.

关键词： Crowd density estimation linear feature calibration vision transformer weakly-supervision learning

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Targeting Haemaphysalis longicornis serpin to prevent tick feeding and pathogen transmission

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Insect science 2024年第3期31卷 694-706页

作者： Tingting Feng Hao Tong Qianqian Zhang Zhihao Ming Zhenyu Song Xia Zhou Jianfeng Dai Institute of biology and Medical sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunitySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina School of biology and Basic Medical science Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Serine proteinase inhibitors(serpins),identified from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis of China,play significant roles in various animal physiological *** this study,we showed that *** serpins(Hlserpin-a and Hlserpin-b)were induced during blood-feeding in nymph ticks and exhibited anticoagulation activity in *** Hlserpins through RNA interference(RNAi)significantly impaired tick *** of mice with recombinant Hlserpins or passive transfer of Hlserpin antiserum significantly curtails the efficacy of tick ***,the transmission of the Langat virus(LGTV)from ticks to mice witnessed a substantial decrease when Hlserpins were *** findings suggest that inhibiting Hlserpins can hamper tick engorgement and pathogen transmission,indicating the potential of Hlserpins as a vaccine to countertick-borne diseases.

关键词： feeding LGTV serpin TBEV tick

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Body size induced changes in metabolic carbon of soil nematodes under N deposition and precipitation regime change in a temperate grassland

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 120-131页

作者： Shuyan Cui Xiaomei Mo Guo Zheng college of Life science Shenyang Normal University

Background Global climate change has resulted in precipitation regimes exhibiting an increasing trend in rainfall intensity but a reduction in its frequency. Nitrogen(N) deposition is a crucial component of the global N cycling. Nematode body size is a trait that responds to climate change and is used as a standard trait-based indicator in soil community analysis. Variations in body size influence metabolic carbon(C). We examined the ways by which body size and metabolic C of nematodes respond to changing precipitation regimes and how N deposition regulates these responses by an 8-year manipulative *** Nematode body size was indicated by the community-weighted mean(CWM) mass. We quantified C metabolism components of soil nematodes including production C, respiration C, and corresponding C use efficiency(CUE) under different precipitation intensities and N addition in a semi-arid steppe on the Mongolian Plateau. The Mantel test was used to determine the correlations between CWM, CUE and environmental factors. The partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM) was conducted to quantify direct or indirect contributions among latent *** We found that heavy precipitation intensity increased the CWM mass of total nematodes and omnivorespredators without N addition. N addition decreased CWM mass of bacterivores across all the precipitation intensity treatments. Stronger precipitation intensities might be favorable for nematode production and respiration C. Variations in the nematode CWM mass drove the CUE to change with N *** Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying nematode body size and C metabolism, and highlight that explorative studies, such as manipulative experiments, are needed to identify traits underlying size-related effects and to investigate how they affect CUE of nematodes. These efforts may increase our understanding of how changes in precipitation regimes and N deposition may alter soil nema

关键词： Community-weighted mean Metabolic footprint Nitrogen addition Precipitation intensity

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Immune functions of C-type lectins in medical arthropods

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Insect science 2024年第3期31卷 652-662页

作者： Zhihao Ming Zhiqiang Chen Hao Tong Xia Zhou Tingting Feng Jianfeng Dai Institute of biology and Medical sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunitySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina School of biology and Basic Medical science Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

C-type lectins(CTLs)are a family of proteins that contain 1 or more carbohydrate-recognition domains(CRDs)and bind to a broad repertoire of ligands in the presence of calcium *** play important roles in innate immune defenses against microorganisms by acting as pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs)for invading pathogens,such as bacteria,viruses,and *** binding to pathogen-associated ligands,CTLs mediate immune responses,such as agglutination,phagocytosis,and the activation of phenol oxidase progenitors,thereby clearing *** are an evolutionarily conserved family found in almost all vertebrates and *** arthropods can acquire and transmit a range pathogens through various approaches,such as bloodsucking,lancing,and parasitism,thus infecting humans and animals with related diseases,some of which can be *** studies have shown that lectins are important components of the arthropod immune system and are essential for the immune responses of arthropods to arthropod-borne *** article reviews the current understanding of the structure,function,and signaling pathways involved in CTLs derived from important medical arthropods.

关键词： arthropod C-type lectin innate immunity vector-borne disease

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