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Leptomeningeal metastases in prostate cancer:A review of the current literature

Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 159-166页

作者： Umar Durrani Kasem Rifai Maha Arshad Awais Paracha Ekamjit Deol Maria Paracha Fatima Waheed Zohair Siddiqui Ali Abid Esed Mustafic Wilson Rodriguez Zachary Hamilton Saint Louis University School of medicine Saint LouisMOUSA University of Missouri School of medicine ColumbiaMOUSA University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVAUSA New York Institute of Technology college of osteopathic medicine Old WestburyNYUSA Saint Louis University Saint LouisMOUSA Department of Neurology Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA Division of Urology Department of SurgerySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA

Leptomeningeal metastasis/leptomeningeal carcinomatosis(LMC;terms used interchangeably)is an inflammatory complication of primary tumors that involves the spread of the disease to the meninges(specifically the arachnoid and pia maters)and spinal *** the United States,approximately 110,000 new cases are diagnosed each year,and the prognosis is usually *** of LMC include cognitive impairment,cranial nerve dysfunction,ischemic stroke,and *** survival times of untreated and treated LMC are approximately 4–6 weeks and 2–4 months,*** carcinomatoses are usually metastatic cancers that spread to the central nervous *** lung and breast cancers have a clearly defined relationship with LMC,it remains unclear whether prostate cancer(PC)is also directly associated with *** determine whether such association exists,we conducted a PubMed review of the literature on patients with PC with coexisting *** search yielded 23 case reports of patients with preexisting PC who developed *** addition,2 retrospective cohort studies were *** findings were identified in the revised cases and *** first 3 findings were related to the progression of the disease:patients presenting with neurological disease symptoms were in remission from PC for 7 years on average,LMCs tended to occur after other cancer diagnoses,and the disease had already rapidly progressed by the time the symptoms were *** diagnosis,the major finding was that most LMCs were detected by magnetic resonance imaging(which does not detect early dissemination),and it was suggested that single-photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography imaging could be used for earlier ***,in terms of treatment,the main finding was that treatment was palliative rather than curative and that prognosis remained poor despite *** the basis of these results,we recommend for individuals with risk facto

关键词： Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis Prostate cancer Prostate cancer metastasis

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Exploring the effects of coronary artery disease as a preexisting comorbidity on mortality in hospitalized septic patients:a retrospective observation study

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Emergency and Critical Care medicine 2024年第2期4卷 47-51页

作者： Anmol Multani Greg Stahl Kerry Johnson Scott Goade Robert D.Arnce college of osteopathic medicine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMOUSA Department of Data Improvement Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA Department of Mathematics Missouri Southern State UniversityJoplinMOUSA Department of Pharmacy Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA

Background:Sepsis has high prevalence and mortality rate,and it is imperative to identify populations at risk of poor sepsis *** patients with preexisting chronic comorbidities are shown to have worse sepsis *** identifying comorbidities with greater influence on sepsis progression,we can direct limited resources to septic patients with comorbidities and reduce health care *** comorbidities can impact the risk of developing sepsis and having worse *** artery disease(CAD)is a common comorbidity,especially in the elderly,and a leading cause of death *** wished to investigate the influence of CAD as a comorbidity on sepsis and hypothesized that preexisting CAD would increase mortality in hospitalized septic ***:We conducted retrospective observational study using patient data from Freeman Health System in Joplin,*** analyzed patient records from Freeman Health System database from January 1,2019,to June 30,*** patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision sepsis *** identify septic patients with preexisting CAD,we used International Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision codes for *** compared mortality rates for septic patients with and without ***:Two-sample proportion test was conducted to test the difference in mortality between septic patients with and without preexisting *** difference in mortality for the total population was−0.016(P=0.553).In the male and female subgroups,the differences in mortality were 0.0122(P=0.739)and−0.0511(P=0.208),*** differences in mortality in patients aged 40 to 64 years and 65 years and older were−0.0077(P=0.870)and 0.0007(P=0.983),*** statistical tests failed to find significant differences when comparing septic patients with and without preexisting *** was no significant difference in the age and sex ***:Our study showed that CAD alone was n

关键词： Comorbidity Coronary artery disease Inflammation Mortality rate in sepsis prognosis Sepsis

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Back to the drawing board:Overview of the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3182-3184页

作者： Jeffrey A Lowell Michael J Farber Keith Sultan Department of medicine Zucker School of Medicine at HofstraNorth Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical CenterManhassetNY 11030United States Preclinical Studies New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineGlen HeadNY 11545United States Division of Gastroenterology Northwell HealthNorth Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical CenterGreat NeckNY 10021United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined *** et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(DBT).While current evidence for DBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this *** importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment *** prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Biologics Immunomodulators Dual-therapy Combination therapy

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Psychiatric Sequelae of Chronic Pruritic Dermatoses

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2024年第2期13卷 25-38页

作者： Kelly Frasier Vivian Li Kathleen Click Christina Dudzik Michelle Sobotka Evadne Rodriguez Karina Stech Nuvance Health/Vassar Brothers Medical Center Poughkeepsie NY USA School of osteopathic medicine Kansas City University Kansas City MO USA Touro college of osteopathic medicine Middleton Campus Middletown NY USA Abrazo Health Network Goodyear AZ USA School of medicine University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA Lewis Katz School of medicine at Temple University Philadelphia PA USA

This comprehensive review investigates the significant psychological impact and profound psychological comorbidities found in individuals suffering from chronic pruritic dermatoses, including atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria, and prurigo nodularis. Highlighting the complex, reciprocal relationship between pruritus and psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances, this paper elucidates the comprehensive impact of dermatological disorders on the skin in addition to the far-reaching effects on an individual’s psychological well-being. By evaluating the efficacy of integrated psychodermatological interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness practices, pharmacological treatments, and innovative telepsychiatry and digital health solutions, this review aims to lay the foundation for a more holistic approach to treatment of concurrent dermatological and psychiatric conditions. Future research endeavors should delve deeper into the mechanistic foundation of the pruritus-psychiatry interface, the refinement of tailored treatment strategies, and the evaluation of long-term patient outcomes. In doing so, this review seeks to contribute to the optimization of patient care and well-being, underscoring the pivotal role of addressing both dermatological and psychological needs in achieving comprehensive health outcomes.

关键词： Psychodermatology Chronic Pruritic Dermatoses Psychological Comorbidities Integrated Interventions Pruritus-Psychiatry Interface

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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome From Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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Maternal-Fetal medicine 2024年第1期6卷 54-56页

作者： Vaishnavi Jagat Patel Jennifer Vu Gisela Mercado Sreenivas Avula Shad Deering University of the Incarnate Word School of osteopathic medicine San AntonioTX 78235USA Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Baylor college of medicine HoustonTX 77030USA Department of Radiology Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Department of Radiology Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of OB/GYN Children’s Hospital of San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78207USA Department of OB/GYN Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA

To editor:Wernicke encephalopathy(WE)is an acute neurological disorder caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1(thiamine),with a prevalence of 1.3%in autopsy studies.1 Eighty-four percent of patients with WE will develop Korsakoff syndrome,which is characterized by amnesia and confusion.2 Although WE is more common in alcoholics,it can also be caused by vomiting,malnourishment,and other situations.

关键词： Hyperemesis gravidarum Wernicke's encephalopathy Pregnancy complication Wernicke-korsakoff

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Updates on management of gliomas in the molecular age

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第2期15卷 178-194页

作者： Ali Ahmed Mohamed Rakan Alshaibi Steven Faragalla Youssef Mohamed Brandon Lucke-Wold Charles E.Schmidt college of medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Herbert Wertheim college of medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199United States college of osteopathic medicine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMO 64804United States Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Gliomas are primary brain tumors derived from glial cells of the central nervous system,afflicting both adults and children with distinct characteristics and therapeutic *** developments have ushered in novel clinical and molecular prognostic factors,reshaping treatment paradigms based on classi-fication and grading,determined by histological attributes and cellular *** review article delves into the diverse treatment modalities tailored to the specific grades and molecular classifications of gliomas that are currently being discussed and used clinically in the year *** adults,the therapeutic triad typically consists of surgical resection,chemotherapy,and *** contrast,pediatric gliomas,due to their diversity,require a more tailored *** complete tumor excision can be curative based on the location and grade of the glioma,certain non-resectable cases demand a chemotherapy approach usually involving,vincristine and ***-tionally,if surgery or chemotherapy strategies are unsuccessful,Vinblastine can be *** recent advancements in treatment methodologies,there remains a need of exploration in the literature,particularly concerning the efficacy of treatment regimens for isocitrate dehydrogenase type mutant astrocytomas and fine-tuned therapeutic approaches tailored for pediatric *** review article explores into the therapeutic modalities employed for both adult and pediatric gliomas in the context of their molecular classification.

关键词： Gliomas Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Isocitrate dehydrogenase type mutant Pediatric gliomas Astrocytoma Oligodendroglioma 1p/19q-codeleted

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Maternal Mortality Rates among Im/Migrant Populations in the United States

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1161-1175页

作者： Tessa Peredy Mary Greenwald Katy Doughty Fachon Fiona Danaher Rashmi Jasrasaria Samantha Truong Annekathryn Goodman University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine Biddeford ME United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Boston MA United States Center for Immigrant Health Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Boston MA United States

Introduction: Maternal mortality rates have more than doubled in the U.S over the last two decades, making it one of the few places in the world where maternal mortality is increasing. Differences in maternal mortality among certain races and ethnicities are known but few studies examine maternal mortality among immigrants. Since immigrants represent 13.7% of the U.S. population, it is essential to examine immigrant subsets to understand maternal mortality among this vulnerable population. Methods: A literature search identified 318 articles on maternal mortality and immigrants, with 12 articles from the U.S. The keywords included maternal mortality, United States, migrants, asylum seekers, immigrants, and disparities. Maternal mortality statistics were obtained from the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control. Results: Studies analyzed in this review found an overall lower maternal mortality rate among immigrant women compared to U.S.-born women, except for Hispanic immigrant women. Black women had the highest maternal mortality rate, regardless of immigration status. Conclusion: Although the literature points to lower maternal mortality among immigrants, the data is still somewhat mixed, making it challenging to draw comprehensive conclusions. Additional research examining maternal mortality among Im/migrants in the U.S. is needed to guide future training among healthcare professionals and policymakers.

关键词： Maternal Mortality Im/Migrant Reproductive Health United States

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Female Infertility and Obesity across the United States—A Geographic Cross-Sectional Analysis

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第3期12卷 179-189页

作者： Raegan Abadie Emily M. Dantes Jennifer H. Shaw Dani Zoorob Health Sciences Center in Shreveport Louisiana State University Shreveport LA USA Department of Biomedical Sciences Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine South Georgia Moultrie GA USA Health Sciences Center in Shreveport Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Louisiana State University Shreveport LA USA

This cross-sectional study investigates a connection between female infertility and obesity across various regions of the United States, utilizing data from the NIH’s “All of Us” Researcher Workbench. Analysis suggested that the Southern region exhibited the highest percentage of concurrently infertile and obese females at 32.3%, in contrast to the lowest in the Western region at 28.7%. The findings underscore the significant regional disparities in obesity-related infertility, particularly in medically underserved areas where healthcare access is limited. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, particularly in the Southern United States, to address the rising prevalence of obesity and its impact on infertility. Further, these results advocate for enhanced public health education and policies aimed at improving healthcare accessibility, with the goal of mitigating the adverse effects of obesity on reproductive health.

关键词： Female Infertility Medical Deserts Obesity South

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Epidemiologic investigation of pediatric distal humerus fractures: An American insurance claims database study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 52-60页

作者： Kyle Jay Klahs Jake E Dertinger Grant T Mello Kevin Thapa Alexis B Sandler E'Stephan J Jesus Garcia Nata Parnes Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Texas Tech University Health Sciences-El PasoEl PasoTX 79905United States Medical School California Health Sciences University College of Osteopathic MedicineClovisCA 93611United States Undergraduate School Binghampton UniversityVestalNY 13902United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery William Beaumont Army Medical CenterFort BlissTX 79918United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Carthage Area HospitalCarthageNY 13619United States

BACKGROUND Distal humerus elbow fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen in pediatric patients and present as three main types:Supracondylar(SC),lateral condyle(LC),and medial epicondyle(ME)*** To evaluate the epidemiology of pediatric distal humerus fractures(SC,LC,and ME)from an American insurance claims *** A retrospective review was performed on patients 17 years and younger with the ICD 9 and 10 codes for SC,LC and ME fractures based on the IBM Truven MarketScan®Commercial and IBM Truven MarketScan Medicare Supplemental *** from 2015 to 2020 were queried for treatments,patient age,sex,length of hospitalization,and *** A total of 1133 SC,154 LC,and 124 ME fractures were *** fractures had the highest percentage of operation at 83%,followed by LC(78%)and ME fractures(41%).Male patients were,on average,older than female patients for both SC and ME *** In the insurance claims databases used,SC fractures were the most reported,followed by LC fractures,and finally ME *** was identified to be a factor for how a pediatric distal humerus fractures,with patients with SC and LC fractures being younger than those with ME *** peak age per injury per sex was similar to reported historic central tendencies,despite reported trends for younger physiologic development.

关键词： Supracondylar humerus fracture Lateral condyle fracture Medial epicondyle fracture Pediatric elbow Truven Epidemiology

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Cancer and comorbidity:The role of leptin in breast cancer and associated pathologies

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第12期6卷 483-492页

作者： Amitabha Ray Lake Erie college of osteopathic medicine Seton Hill University

Obesity is an important risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and also a poor prognostic factor among cancer patients. Moreover, obesity is associated with a number of health disorders such as insulin resistance/type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. Frequently, these health disorders exhibit as components/complications of the metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, obesity-related diseases may coexist with postmenopausal breast cancer; and these comorbid conditions could be substantial. Therefore, it may be assumed that different diseases including breast cancer could originate from a common pathological background in excessive adipose tissue. Adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine(or adipokine) leptin behaves differently in a normal healthy state and obesity. A growing body of evidence suggests an important role of leptin in our major obesity-related health issues such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and neoplasia. In this context, this review describes the relationships of the abovementioned pathologies with leptin.

关键词： Hypertension Obesity Postmenopausal breast cancer Comorbidity Diabetes

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