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Atmospheric fate of typical liquid crystal monomers in the tropospheric gas,liquid,and granular phases

Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 348-360页

作者： Yanru Huo Zexiu An Mingxue Li Jinchan Jiang Yuxin Zhou Ju Xie Jianguo Zhang Maoxia He environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China college of plant protection Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225002China Jinan environmental Research Academy Jinan 250000China

Mineral aerosol particles significantly impact environmental risk prediction of liquid crystal monomers(LCMs).In this work,we investigated the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of three typical LCMs(4-cyano-3,5-difluorophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB-2F),4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB-F),and 4-cyanophenyl 4-ethylbenzoate(CEB))with ozone(O_(3))in the atmospheric gas,liquid,and particle phases employing density functional theory(DFT).Here,O_(3)is prone to add to the benzene ring without F atom(s)in the selected *** ozonolysis products are aldehydes,carboxylic acids,epoxides,and unsaturated hydrocarbons containing aromatic *** products undergo secondary ozonolysis to generate small molecular compounds such as glyoxal,which is beneficial for generating secondary organic aerosol(SOA).Titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),an essential component of mineral aerosol particles,has good adsorption properties for LCMs;however,it slightly reduces the reactivity with O_(3).At 298 K,the reaction rate constant of the selected LCMs reacting with O_(3)in the gas and atmospheric liquid phases is(2.74–5.53)×10^(-24)cm^(3)/(mol·sec)and 5.58×10^(-3)–39.1 L/(mol·sec),while CEB-2F reacting with O_(3)on(TiO_(2))_(6)cluster is 1.84×10^(-24)cm^(3)/(mol·sec).The existence of TiO_(2)clusters increases the persistence and long-distance transportability of LCMs,which enlarges the contaminated area of LCMs.

关键词： Liquid crystal monomers(LCMs) Ozonolysis TiO_(2)clusters Adsorption Toxicity assessment

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Hatching and development of maize cyst nematode Heterodera zeae infecting different plant hosts

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1593-1603页

作者： Jiangkuan Cui Haohao Ren BoWang Fujie Chang Xuehai Zhang Haoguang Meng Shijun Jiang Jihua Tang college of plant protection National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China

The occurrence, distribution, and rapid molecular detection technology of Heterodera zeae Koshy et al. 1971, have been reported in China. We explored the biological characteristics of H. zeae sampled in Henan Province, China to understand its interaction with plants. Cysts and second-stage juveniles(J2s) were identified under an optical and scanning electron microscope, internal transcribed spacer(ITS) phylogenetic tree, and sequence characterized amplified region(SCAR)-PCR analyses. The optimum hatching temperatures of H. zeae were 30°C and 28°C, with cumulative hatching rates of 16.5 and 16.1%, respectively, at 30 days post-hatching(dph). The hatching rate of H. zeae eggs was improved by 20-and 50-time maize soil leachate and root juice, and 10-time root exudates. The hatching rate in 10-time root exudates was the highest(25.9%). The 10-time root exudates of maize and millet produced the highest hatching rate at 30 dph(25.9 and 22.9%, respectively), followed by wheat(19.9%), barley(18.3%), and rice(17.6%). Heterodera zeae developed faster in maize than in other crops. Fourth-stage juveniles(J4s) were detected in maize roots 8 days post-inoculation(dpi) at 28°C but not in other crops. Combined with hatching tests, the Huang–Huai–Hai summer maize region and the south and central-southwest mountainous maize areas are highly suitable for H. zeae in China. This is the first systematically study of the hatching and infection characteristics on different plant hosts of corn cyst nematode H. zeae in temperate regions. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the rapid spread and high environmental adaptability of corn cyst nematode.

关键词： crop host resistance Heterodera zeae incubation fluid maize cyst nematode nematode development nematodehatching

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Cross-resistance and genetics of field-evolved resistance to chlorfenapyr in Plutella xylostella

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 533-541页

作者： Cheng Qian Jialin Li Shuwen Wu Yihua Yang Yidong Wu Xingliang Wang Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural Universty SanyaHainanChinaand college of plant protection Nanjing Agricultural UniversNanjingChina

Chlorfenapyr is a broad-spectrum halogenated pyrrole insecticide with a unique mode of *** to the misuse and overuse of this chemical,resistance has been reported in several arthropods,including Plutella xylostella,which is one of the most destructive insect pests afflicting crucifers worldwide.A better understanding of the cross-resistance and genetics of field-evolved chlorfenapyr resistance could effectively guide resistance management ***,the chlorfenapyr resistance of a fieldderived population of P xylostella was introgressed into the susceptible IPP-S strain using a selection-assisted multigenerational backcrossing *** constructed nearisogenic strain,TH-BCsF2,shared 98.4%genetic background with the recurrent parent IPP-S *** TH-BCsF2 strain showed 275-fold resistance to chlorfenapyr,but no significant cross-resistance to spinosad,abamectin,chlorpyrifos,β-cypermethrin,indoxacarb,chlorantraniliprole,or broflanilide(no more than 4.2-fold).Genetic analysis revealed that resistance was autosomal,incompletely dominant,and conferred by 1 major gene or a few tightly linked *** synergism of metabolic inhibitors(PBO,DEM,and DEF)to chlorfenapyr was very weak(<1.7-fold),and the metabolic enzyme activities in the TH-BCsF2 strain were not significantly elevated compared with the IPP-S *** results enhances our understanding of the genetic traits of chlorfenapyr resistance,and provides essential information for improving resistance management strategies.

关键词： chlorfenapyr cross-resistance mode of inheritance near-isogenic line Plutellaxylostella

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Insect-specific RNA virus affects the stylet penetration activity of brown citrus aphid(Aphis citricidus)to facilitate its transmission

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 255-270页

作者： Xin An Qiaoying Gu Jing Wang Tengyu Chang Wei Zhang Jin-Jun Wang Jinzhi Niu Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant ProtectionAcademy of Agricultural ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina

Sap-sucking insects often transmit plant viruses but also carry insect viruses,which infect insects but not *** impact of such insect viruses on insect host biology and ecology is largely ***,we identified a novel insect-specific virus carried by brown citrus aphid(Aphis citricidus),which we tentatively named Aphis citricidus picornavirus(AcPV).Phylogenetic analysis discovered a monophyletic cluster with AcPV and other unassigned viruses,suggesting that these viruses represent a new family in order *** infection with AcPV triggered aphid antiviral immunity mediated by RNA interference,resulting in asymptomatic ***,we found that AcPV was transmitted horizontally by secretion of the salivary gland into the feeding sites of *** influenced aphid stylet behavior during feeding and increased the time required for intercellular penetration,thus promoting its transmission among aphids with plants as an intermediate *** gene expression results suggested that this mechanism was linked with transcription of salivary protein genes and plant defense hormone ***,our results show that the horizontal transmission of AcPV in brown citrus aphids evolved in a manner similar to that of the circulative transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors,thus providing a new ecological perspective on the activity of insect-specific viruses found in aphids and improving the understanding of insect virus ecology.

关键词： electrical penetration graph feeding behavior insect virus transmission Picornavirales salivary protein

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Evaluation of arsenic pollution in field-contaminated soil at the soil’s actual pH

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2024年第10期144卷 137-147页

作者： Tiancong Gao Haixia Tian Huimin Niu Mallavarapu Megharaj Wenxiang He college of Natural Resources and environment Northwest A&F UniversityKey Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureYanglingShaanxi 712100China Global Centre for environmental Remediation College of EngineeringScience and EnvironmentUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

The pollution and ecological risks posed by arsenic(As)entering the soil are the major environmental challenges faced by human *** phosphatase can serve as a useful indicator for assessing As contamination under specific soil pH ***,the study of phosphatase kinetics in long-term field As-contaminated soil remains unclear,presenting a significant obstacle to the monitoring and evaluation of As pollution and *** purpose of this study was to determine phosphatase activity and explore enzyme kinetics in soils subjected to long-term field As *** revealed that the soil phosphatase activity varied among the tested soil samples,depending on the concentrations of *** relationship between total As,As fractions and phosphatase activity was found to be significant through negative exponential function *** parameters,including maximum reaction velocity(Vmax),Michaelis constant(Km)and catalytic efficiency(V_(max)/K_(m)),ranged from 3.14×10^(−2)–53.88×10^(−2) mmol/(L·hr),0.61–7.92 mmol/L,and 0.46×10^(−2)–11.20×10^(−2) hr−1,*** and Vmax/Km of phosphatase decreased with increasing As pollution,while Km was less ***,Vmax/Km showed a significant negative correlationwith all As fractions and total *** ecological doses(ED10)for the complete inhibition and partial inhibition models ranged from0.22–70.33 mg/kg and 0.001–55.27 mg/kg,respectively,indicating that V_(max)/K_(m) can be used as an index for assessing As pollution in field-contaminated *** study demonstrated that the phosphatase kinetics parameters in the soil’s pH system were better indicators than the optimal pH for evaluating the field ecotoxicity of As.

关键词： Arsenic pollution Ecological risk Soil phosphatase Enzyme kinetics Catalytic efficiency(V_(max)/K_(m))

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Distribution law and susceptibility of geohazards across a gradient belt of the Western Sichuan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1849-1867页

作者： LI Tianbin WANG Jianfeng HE Chaoyang MENG Lubo LI Chaofei MA Junjie WEI Daqiang college of environment and Civil Engineering Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geo-environment protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

Across a gradient belt of the Western Sichuan Plateau,geohazards have seriously limited economic and social *** to incomplete statistics,15,673 geohazards have been recorded in the study *** order to mitigate the threat of geohazards to human engineering activities in the region,an overall understanding of the distribution pattern of geohazards and susceptibility assessment are *** this paper,a gradient belt of the Western Sichuan Plateau and its zoning criteria were ***,on the basis of relief amplitude,distance to faults,rainfall,and human activities,three indicators of endogenic process were introduced:Bouguer gravity anomaly gradient,vertical deformation gradient,and horizontal deformation ***,the distribution patterns of geohazards were investigated through mathematical statistics and ArcGIS *** randomly selecting 10,449 hazards,a geohazard susceptibility map was generated using the Information Value(IV)***,the IV model was validated against 5224 hazards using the Area Under Curve(AUC)*** results show that 47.6%of the geohazards were distributed in the zone of steep *** showed strong responses to distance to faults,human activities,and annual *** distribution of geohazards in the gradient belt of the Western Sichuan Plateau is more sensitive to vertical internal dynamics factors(such as vertical deformation gradient and Bouguer gravity anomaly gradient)without any apparent sensitivity to horizontal internal dynamics *** areas of high and very-high risk account for up to 32.22%,mainly distributed in the Longmenshan and Anning River *** to the AUC plot,the success rate of the IV model for generating the susceptibility map is 76%.This susceptibility map and geohazard distribution pattern can provide a reference for geological disaster monitoring,preparation of post-disaster emergency measures,and town planning.

关键词： Gradient belt Geohazards Distribution law Bouguer Gravity anomaly gradient Vertical deformation gradient Susceptibility

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A unique role of the pyrimidine de novo synthesis enzyme ODCase in Lysobacter enzymogenes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 3066-3077页

作者： Mingming Yang Yunxiao Tan Jiabing Ma Yingjia Zhao Xia Yan Nana Wang Pingping Wang Jiaqi Tan Suilong Ai Xiaofei Liang Bangshuai Chang Obadah E.A.Yousif Chao Zhao Bo Wang Guoliang Qian Lili Huang State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China college of plant protection Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China college of Life Sciences Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China college of Natural Resources and environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Shaanxi Provincial Tobacco Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation Xi’an 710061China Institute of plant protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China college of plant protection Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Bacterial species of the genus Lysobacter are environmentally ubiquitous with strong antifungal biocontrol ***-stable antifungal factor(HSAF)secreted by the biocontrol bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11 has broad-spectrum and highly efficient antifungal *** the biosynthetic regulations of HSAF would lay an important foundation for strain engineering toward improved HSAF *** this work,we demonstrate that Le0752,an orotidine-5´-phosphate decarboxylase enzyme(ODCase)catalyzing a pivotal step of the UMP de novo biosynthesis pathway,is vital for HSAF-mediated antimicrobial activities and growth of *** OH11,but not for twitching *** gene regulates the production of HSAF by affecting the expression of lafB,a key gene in the HSAF biosynthesis operon,through the transcription factor ***,bioinformatics analysis revealed that Le0752 belongs to the Group III ODCases,whereas its homologs in the closely related genera Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas belong to Group I,which contains most ODCases from Gram-positive bacteria,Gram-negative bacteria and ***,the Group I ODCase PXO_3614 from the Xanthomonas oryzae *** PXO99A strain complemented the Le0752 mutant in regulating HSAF-mediated antagonistic ***,these results highlight the important requirement of de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes for antibiotic HSAF production in ***,which lays an important foundation for improving HSAF production via metabolic flow design and for dissecting the regulatory functions of bacterial ODCases.

关键词： ODCase pyrimidine de novo synthesis secondary metabolite HSAF Lysobacter enzymogenes

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Cold storage alters the fat-trehalose trade-off,decreases the flight ability,and maintains the high survival rate and flight speed of Osmia excavata(Hymenoptera:Megachilidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 927-936页

作者： Yingying Song Li Liu Fang Ouyang Hongying Cui Wenxiu Guo Suhong Lv Baohua Ye Lili Li Yi Yu Xingyuan Men Institute of plant protection Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina college of plant protection Shandong Agricultural UniversityJinanChina State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina

Osmia solitary bees are important pollinators of various crops *** has been widely used to synchronize the emergence time of Osmia species from cocoons with the blooming time of different crops,but the fitness of Osmia after refrigeration remains ***,the effects of long-term refrigeration at 0℃on the vitality,flight ability,and metabolism of Osmia excavata,which is known as the"king of pollination"in China,were *** survival rate(>90%before 120 d),weight loss rate(<15%after 170 d),and mean flight speed of *** were not greatly affected after long-term *** content of fats,which have antifreeze and energy storage properties,was not significantly altered in *** before 130 d of refrigeration,which might explain why the survival rates and flight speed of *** remained high after long-term ***,the flight duration and distance decreased significantly(P<0.05),and both were positively correlated with the reduced trehalose levels in ***(r=[+0.69]-[+0.71];P<0.05).Overall,these findings indicate that the pollination potential of *** for various crops with different flowering periods is high after long-term refrigeration;however,long-term refrigeration may decrease pollination *** findings highlight new research directions that could improve the ecological service function of refrigerated ***.

关键词： ecological service value flight ability Osmia pollination efficiency refrigeration vitality

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Molecular evaluation of Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée,1854):Species status and intraspecific divergence

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Zoological Systematics 2024年第3期49卷 267-275页

作者： Jin An Yalin Yao Ping Gao Minghua Xiu Chengmin Shi college of plant protection Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Baoding 071000China college of plant protection Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China

Species are not only the fundamental units of taxonomy but also the basic units of pest *** of Conogethes are important agricultural and forestry ***,species boundaries within Conogethes often appear *** the present study,we reevaluated the species status of Conogethes by applying three species delimitation approaches based on the mitochondrial DNA sequences,with particular emphasis on the yellow peach moth ***(Guenée,1854).We first optimized species delimitation and inter-species genetic divergence threshold using a DNA barcoding *** results revealed that several nominal species of Conogethes species harbored deeply diverged mitochondrial lineages which were recognized as independent species by the species delimitation *** p-distance between the delimited putative species ranged from 0.0159 to 0.1321 with a mean of *** we refined the species status of *** using the smallest interspecific distance threshold based on a geographically comprehensive population-scale *** procedure narrowed the species concept of *** to a genetically coherent *** investigation of its intraspecific divergence in the geographic context revealed that the refined *** was still widely distributed with the same or highly similar mitochondrial haplotypes occurring across South and East Asia.

关键词： Species delimitation DNA barcoding genetic distances mitochondrial DNA

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Making the Complicated Simple:A Minimizing Carrier Strategy on Innovative Nanopesticides

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 31-46页

作者： Wenjie Shangguan Qiliang Huang Huiping Chen Yingying Zheng Pengyue Zhao Chong Cao Manli Yu Yongsong Cao Lidong Cao State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193People's Republic of China college of plant protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry Department of Chemical BiologyCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People's Republic of China

The flourishing progress in nanotechnology offers boundless opportunities for agriculture,particularly in the realm of nanopesticides research and ***,concerns have been raised regarding the human and environmental safety issues stemming from the unrestrained use of non-therapeutic nanomaterials in *** is also important to consider whether the current development strategy of nanopesticides based on nanocarriers can strike a balance between investment and return,and if the complex material composition genuinely improves the efficiency,safety,and circularity of ***,we introduced the concept of nanopesticides with minimizing carriers(NMC)prepared through prodrug design and molecular self-assembly emerging as practical tools to address the current limitations,and compared it with nanopesticides employing non-therapeutic nanomaterials as carriers(NNC).We further summarized the current development strategy of NMC and examined potential challenges in its preparation,performance,and ***,we asserted that the development of NMC systems can serve as the innovative driving force catalyzing a green and efficient revolution in nanopesticides,offering a way out of the current predicament.

关键词： Nanopesticides Green agrochemicals Self-assembly Nanomaterial safety Sustainable development strategies

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