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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 363-368页

作者：卢光伟李曜均胡曦辰陈思宇徐豪祝铭阳闫文超陈黎明 Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China ifsa collaborative innovation center Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The thorough exploration of the transverse quality represented by divergence angle has been lacking yet in the energy spread measurement of the relativistic electron beam for laser wakefield acceleration(LWFA). In this work, we fill this gap by numerical simulations based on the experimental data, which indicate that in a C-shape magnet, magnetic field possesses the beam focusing effect, considering that the divergence angle will result in an increase in the full width at half maxima(FWHM) of the electron density distribution in a uniformly isotropic manner, while the length-to-width ratio decreases. This indicates that the energy spread obtained from the electron deflection distance is smaller than the actual value, regardless of the divergence angle. A promising and efficient way to accurately correct the value is presented by considering the divergence angle(for instance, for an electron beam with a length-to-width ratio of 1.12, the energy spread correct from 1.2% to 1.5%), providing a reference for developing the high-quality electron beam source.

关键词： relativistic electron beams acceleration by laser–plasma interactions finite element analysis

Liquid-metal microgrid stretchable electronics based on bionic leaf veins with ultra-stretchability and high conductivity

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2747-2757页

作者： Xi-Di Sun Jun-Yang An Yi-Qi Sun Xin Guo Jing Wu Jiang-Bo Hua Meng-Rui Su Yi Shi Li-Jia Pan collaborative innovation center of Advanced Microstructures School of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjing University

Stretchable electronics that monitor joint activity and treat diseases based on liquid metal could be used in the development of healthcare applications.Such devices can be seamlessly integrated with human skin.However,most high-precision microstructures and complex patterns are difficult to fabricate due to the limitations of conventional fabrication solutions,resulting in suboptimal performance under practical conditions.Here,a liquid-metal stretchable system utilizing natural leaf veins was reported as microstructures,which was based on a biomimetic concept and utilized an all-solution process for the preparation of complex microstructures.The systems are ultra-high tensile(800% tensile strain),environmentally stable(20 days) and mechanically durable(300-cycle).The system can accurately recognize the wearer's finger bending level as well as simple gesture signals.At the same time,the system acts as a wearable heater,which can realize the fast heating behavior of heating up to 50℃in 3 min under the human body-safe voltage(1.5 V).The tensile stability is demonstrated by the heterogeneous integration of lasers(405 nm) with the system interconnects for a stretchable and wearable light source.

关键词： Stretchable electronics Liquid metal Stretchable conductor Vein Bionicist electronics

Lithiophilic Li-Si alloy-solid electrolyte interface enabled by high-concentration dual salt-reinforced quasi-solid-state electrolyte

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 216-230页

作者： Yuanxing Zhang Ling Zhang Zhiguang Zhao Yuxiang Zhang Jingwen Cui Chengcai Liu Daobin Mu Yuefeng Su Borong Wu Feng Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing innovation center Beijing Institute of Technology collaborative innovation center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing

Solid polymer electrolytes（SPEs） are urgently required to achieve practical solid-state lithium metal batteries（LMBs） and lithium-ion batteries（LIBs）,Herein,we proposed a mechanism for modulating interfacial conduction and anode interfaces in high-concentration SPEs by LiDFBOP.Optimized electrolyte exhibits superior ionic conductivity and remarkable interface compatibility with salt-rich clusters:（1）polymer-plastic crystal electrolyte（P-PCE,TPU-SN matrix） dissociates ion pairs to facilitate Li+transport in the electrolyte and regulates Li+diffusion in the SEI.The crosslinking structure of the matrix compensates for the loss of mechanical strength at high-salt concentrations;（2） dual-anion TFSI-_n-DFBOP-min the Li+solvation sheath facilitates facile Li+desolvation and formation of salt-rich clusters and is conducive to the formation of Li conductive segments of TPU-SN matrix;（3） theoretical calculations indicate that the decomposition products of LiDFBOP form SEI with lower binding energy with LiF in the SN system,thereby enhancing the interfacial electrochemical redox kinetics of SPE and creating a solid interface SEI layer rich in LiF.As a result,the optimized electrolyte exhibits an excellent ionic conductivity of9.31 × 10-4S cm-1at 30℃ and a broadened electrochemical stability up to 4.73 V.The designed electrolyte effectively prevents the formation of Li dendrites in Li symmetric cells for over 6500 h at0.1 mA cm-2.The specific Li-Si alloy-solid state half-cell capacity shows 711.6 mAh g-1after 60 cycles at 0.3 A g-1. Excellent rate performance and cycling stability are achieved for these solid-state batteries with Li-Si alloy anodes and NCM 811 cathodes.NCM 811‖ Prelithiated silicon-based anode solid-state cell delivers a discharge capacity of 195.55 mAh g-1and a capacity retention of 97.8% after 120 cycles.NCM 811‖Li solid-state cell also delivers capacity retention of 84.2% after 450 cycles.

关键词： Li-Si alloy anode Prelithiation SEI layer Solid-state electrolyte

Optical modification of nonlinear crystals for quasi-parametric chirped-pulse amplification

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Fundamental Research 2024年第1期4卷 43-50页

作者： Qian Lin Jingui Ma Zhe Yin Peng Yuan Jing Wang Guoqiang Xie Liejia Qian Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MOE) Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSASchool of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Quasi-parametric chirped-pulse amplification(QPCPA),which features a theoretical peak power much higher than those obtained with Ti:sapphire laser or optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification,is promising for future ultra-intense lasers.The doped rare-earth ion used for idler dissipation is critical for effective QPCPA,but is usually not compatible with traditional crystals.Thus far,only one dissipative crystal of Sm^(3+)-doped yttrium calcium oxyborate has been grown and applied.Here we introduce optical means to modify traditional crystals for QPCPA applications.We theoretically demonstrate two dissipation schemes by idler frequency doubling and sum-frequency generation with an additional laser.In contrast to absorption dissipation,the proposed nonlinear dissipations ensure not only high signal efficiency but also high small-signal gain.The demonstrated ability to optically modify crystals will facilitate the wide application of QPCPA.

关键词： Quasi-parametric amplifier Second-harmonic generation Sum-frequency generation Back conversion Idler dissipation

Magnetism and Superconductivity in the t–J Model of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_7 Under Multiband Gutzwiller Approximation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第5期41卷 97-106页

作者：薛洁然王垡 International center for Quantum Materials School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China collaborative innovation center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871China

The recent discovery of possible high temperature superconductivity in single crystals of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) under pressure renews the interest in research on nickelates.The density functional theory calculations reveal that both d_(z^(2)) and d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) orbitals are active,which suggests a minimal two-orbital model to capture the low-energy physics of this system.In this work,we study a bilayer two-orbital t–J model within multiband Gutzwiller approximation,and discuss the magnetism as well as the superconductivity over a wide range of the hole doping.Owing to the inter-orbital super-exchange process between d_(z^(2)) and d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) orbitals,the induced ferromagnetic coupling within layers competes with the conventional antiferromagnetic coupling,and leads to complicated hole doping dependence for the magnetic properties in the system.With increasing hole doping,the system transfers to A-type antiferromagnetic state from the starting G-type antiferromagnetic(G-AFM)state.We also find the inter-layer superconducting pairing of d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) orbitals dominates due to the large hopping parameter ofd_(z^(2)) along the vertical inter-layer bonds and significant Hund’s coupling between d_(z^(2)) and d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) orbitals.Meanwhile,the G-AFM state and superconductivity state can coexist in the low hole doping regime.To take account of the pressure,we also analyze the impacts of inter-layer hopping amplitude on the system properties.

关键词： properties doping orbital

CFD-DEM simulation of high density particles fluidization behaviors in 3D conical spouted beds

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 266-281页

作者： Lin Jiang Mofan Qiu Rongzheng Liu Bing Liu Youlin Shao Malin Liu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The spouted bed has been used in the coating process of high-density nuclear fuel particle.The particle fluidization behaviors in pseudo-2D and 3D spouted beds were simulated and validated.The effects of four independent variables(cone angle,particle density,inlet gas velocity,and particle loading)on particle fluidization behaviors in the 3D spouted bed were investigated systematically.The cone angle effect on fluidization mechanism was studied quantitatively first time.A new fluidization quality index was proposed based on the particle entrainment principle,and an extreme value was obtained when the cone angle was 60°,considered to be the optimum value for the 3D conical spouted bed.It was indicated the gas–solid contact efficiency can be kept up if the gas velocity was proportional toρp 0.65 and N p 0.78 when the particle density or loading was increased.These results will be useful for geometry and operation parameters design of the 3D conical spouted bed and helpful for developing the fluidization mechanism of high-density particles.

关键词： Spouted bed High-density particle CFD-DEM Fluidization quality index Particle loading

CFD-DEM simulation of fluorination reaction in fluidized beds with local grid and time refinement method

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 145-157页

作者： Mofan Qiu Lin Jiang Rongzhen Liu Yaping Tang Malin Liu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

The gas-solid reaction process with wide particle size distribution is extensively used in the chemical engineering field,especially the particle reacts with the gas gradually,such as fluorination reactions in fluidized beds.When the computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)is used for the coupling simulation of multiphase and polydisperse particle reaction system,the grid size directly affects the accuracy of flow field information and simulation of chemical reaction.Furthermore,particle calculation time step will directly affect the efficiency of coupling calculation.In this work,a local grid and time step refinement method is proposed to simulate multiphase and polydisperse particle fluid-ization reaction system.In this method,the refined DEM grids are automatically generated in the computational domain around the fine particles,and the detailed fluid phase information is obtained with the interpolation algorithm.In the two-phase coupling process,particles are divided into different groups based on physical properties,each group has its own independent time step.The multistage conical-cylindrical spouted bed is proposed for the fluorination reaction process;the operating gas ve-locity range of the polydisperse particle system is extended by the new design while the particle size distribution changes with the gas-solid reaction process.It is demonstrated that the local grid and time step refinement method can improve the accuracy and efficiency of the traditional CFD-DEM method in the reaction process simulation,which describes a polydisperse particle system with wide particle size distribution.Aimed at improving the simulation accuracy and efficiency,this paper will be helpful for simulating the particle reaction process in the gas-solid fluidized bed and beneficial for the development of the CFD-DEM method.

关键词： CFD-DEM Polydisperse particle Two-phase flow Fluidized bed

Metal-organic frameworks and their composites for advanced lithium-ion batteries:Synthesis,progress and prospects

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 449-470,I0011页

作者： Chengcai Liu Borong Wu Tao Liu Yuanxing Zhang Jingwen Cui Lingjun Huang Guoqiang Tan Ling Zhang Yuefeng Su Feng Wu School of Material Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Chonging innovation center Beijing Institute of TechnologyChongqing 401120China collaborative innovation center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081China

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are among the most promising materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to their high surface area,periodic porosity,adjustable pore size,and controllable chemical composition.For instance,their unique porous structures promote electrolyte penetration,ions transport,and make them ideal for battery separators.Regulating the chemical composition of MOF can introduce more active sites for electrochemical reactions.Therefore,MOFs and their related composites have been extensively and thoroughly explored for LIBs.However,the reported reviews solely include the applications of MOFs in the electrode materials of LIBs and rarely involve other aspects.A systematic review of the application of MOFs in LIBs is essential for understanding the mechanism of MOFs and better designing related MOFs battery materials.This review systematically evaluates the latest developments in pristine MOFs and MOF composites for LIB applications,including MOFs as the main materials(anode,cathode,separators,and electrolytes)to auxiliary materials(coating layers and additives for electrodes).Furthermore,the synthesis,modification methods,challenges,and prospects for the application of MOFs in LIBs are discussed.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Electrodes Electrolytes Separators Lithium-ion batteries

Mott Gap Filling by Doping Electrons through Depositing One Sub-Monolayer Thin Film of Rb on Ca_(2)CuO_(2)Cl_(2)

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第5期41卷 90-96页

作者：李寒王朝晖范圣泰李华州杨欢闻海虎 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Understanding the doping evolution from a Mott insulator to a superconductor probably holds the key to resolve the mystery of unconventional superconductivity in copper oxides. To elucidate the evolution of the electronic state starting from the Mott insulator, we dose the surface of the parent phase Ca_(2)CuO_(2)Cl_(2) by depositing Rb atoms, which are supposed to donate electrons to the CuO_(2) planes underneath. We successfully achieved the Rb sub-monolayer thin films in forming the square lattice. The scanning tunneling microscopy or spectroscopy measurements on the surface show that the Fermi energy is pinned within the Mott gap but close to the edge of the charge transfer band. In addition, an in-gap state appears at the bottom of the upper Hubbard band(UHB), and the Mott gap will be significantly diminished. Combined with the Cl defect and the Rb adatom/cluster results, the electron doping is likely to increase the spectra weight of the UHB for the double occupancy. Our results provide information to understand the electron doping to the parent compound of cuprates.

关键词： doping holds Electron

The BTB/TAZ domain-containing protein CmBT1-mediated CmANR1 ubiquitination negatively regulates root development in chrysanthemum

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 285-299页

作者： Lian-Da Du Zhang-Ji Guan Yan-Hong Liu Hui-Dong Zhu Quan Sun Da-Gang Hu Cui-Hui Sun Shandong collaborative innovation center of Fruit&Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production College of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China

Roots are fundamental for plants to adapt to variable environmental conditions.The development of a robust root system is orchestrated by numerous genetic determinants and,among them,the MADS-box gene ANR1 has garnered substantial attention.Prior research has demonstrated that,in chrysanthemum,CmANR1positively regulates root system development.Nevertheless,the upstream regulators involved in the CmANR1-mediated regulation of root development remain unidentified.In this study,we successfully identified bric-a-brac,tramtrack and broad(BTB)and transcription adapter putative zinc finger(TAZ)domain protein CmBT1 as the interacting partner of CmANR1 through a yeasttwo-hybrid(Y2H)screening library.Furthermore,we validated this physical interaction through bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down assays.Functional assays revealed that CmBT1 exerted a negative influence on root development in chrysanthemum.In both in vitro and in vivo assays,it was evident that CmBT1mediated the ubiquitination of CmANR1 through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway.This ubiquitination subsequently led to the degradation of the CmANR1 protein and a reduction in the transcription of CmANR1-targeted gene CmPIN2,which was crucial for root development in chrysanthemum.Genetic analysis suggested that CmBT1 modulated root development,at least in part,by regulating the level of CmANR1 protein.Collectively,these findings shed new light on the regulatory role of CmBT1 in degrading CmANR1 through ubiquitination,thereby repressing the expression of its targeted gene and inhibiting root development in chrysanthemum.

关键词： chrysanthemum MADS-box transcription factor root development