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Potential dependence in electrocatalysis: a theoretical perspective

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第01期 21-25页

作者： Leyu Liu Zhaoming Xia Zeyu Wang Yinjuan Chen Hai Xiao Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Fundamental Science Center of Rare Earths Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center Changzhou University

Electrocatalysis is a key technology for the new energy era and sustainable development, serving as the interface for interconversion of electrical and chemical energies, which spans a wide spectrum of applications in sustainable energy and environmental engineering. Electrocatalytic reactions including electrochemical CO2reduction reaction （eCO2RR）, hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）, and oxygen evolution/reduction reactions （OER/ORR）, hold essential promise for renewable energy technologies as well as complement the biogeochemical carbon and oxygen cycles.

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The Integration of CPS, CPSS, and ITS: A Focus on Data

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第4期20卷 327-335页

作者： Wei Guo Yi Zhang Li Li Department of Automation Tsinghua University Jiangsu Province collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic technologies

Cyber-Physical System （CPS） and Cyber-PhysicaI-Social System （CPSS） computing are now challenging existing research in many realms, including Intelligent Transportation Systems （ITS）. In this survey, we highlight some advances in the coevolution of CPS, CPSS, and ITS, with an emphasis on traffic data. We first explain the hierarchical architecture of CPS-ITS in terms of five layers： perception, communication, computing, control, and application. Then, we analyze the characteristics of traffic data in CPS-ITS, and enumerate some new technologies for data operation and management. Two typical cases of CPS-ITS, vehicular-communication-based traffic control systems and smart parking systems, are illustrated to describe how CPS is changing our lives and influencing the development of future ITS.

关键词： intelligent transportation systems Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Cyber-PhysicaI-Social System(CPSS) big data

Modeling walking behavior of pedestrian groups with floor field cellular automaton approach

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第8期23卷 654-660页

作者：陆丽丽任刚王炜王义 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS Southeast University Jiangsu Provincial collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic technologies

Walking in groups is very common in a realistic walking environment. An extended floor field cellular automaton （CA） model is therefore proposed to describe the walking behavior of pedestrian groups, This model represents the motion of pedestrian groups in a realistic way. The simulation results reveal that the walking behavior of groups has an important but negative influence on pedestrian flow dynamics, especially when the density is at a high level. The presence of pedestrian groups retards the emergence of lane formation and increases the instability of operation of pedestrian flow. Moreover, the average velocity and volume of pedestrian flow are significantly reduced due to the group motion. Meanwhile, the parameter-sensitive analysis suggests that pedestrian groups should make a compromise between efficient movement and staying coherent with a certain spatial structure when walking in a dense crowd.

关键词： pedestrian groups floor field CA model leader-follower pattern simulation

Role of street patterns in zone-based traffic safety analysis

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第6期22卷 2416-2422页

作者：郭强裴欣姚丹亚黄仕进 Department of Automation Tsinghua University Jiangsu Province collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic technologies Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong

Although extensive analyses of road segments and intersections located in urban road networks have examined the role of many factors that contribute to the frequency and severity of crashes, the explicit relationship between street pattern characteristics and traffic safety remains underexplored. Based on a zone-based Hong Kong database, the Space Syntax was used to quantify the topological characteristics of street patterns and investigate the role of street patterns and zone-related factors in zone-based traffic safety analysis. A joint probability model was adopted to analyze crash frequency and severity in an integrated modeling framework and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to estimate the parameters. In addition to the characteristics of street patterns, speed, road geometry, land-use patterns, and temporal factors were considered. The vehicle hours was also included as an exposure proxy in the model to make crash frequency predictions. The results indicate that the joint probability model can reveal the relationship between zone-based traffic safety and various other factors, and that street pattern characteristics play an important role in crash frequency prediction.

关键词： street pattern Space Syntax joint probability model crash frequency crash severity

Piriformospora indica confers drought tolerance on Zea mays *** enhancement of antioxidant activity and expression of drought-related genes

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The Crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 251-258页

作者： Le Xu Aiai Wang Jun Wang Qiao Wei Wenying Zhang Hubei collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance technologies Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434025China

Drought stress is one of the most severe environmental constraints to plant growth and crop productivity. Plant growth is greatly affected by drought stress, and plants, to survive,adapt to this stress by invoking different pathways. Piriformospora indica, a root-colonizing endophytic fungus of Sebacinales, promotes plant growth and confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, including drought stress, by affecting the physiological properties of the host plant. The fungus strongly colonizes the roots of maize(Zea mays L.) and promotes shoot and root growth under both normal growth conditions and drought stress. We used polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000) to mimic drought stress and found that root fresh and dry weight, leaf area, SPAD value, and leaf number were increased in P. indica-colonized *** antioxidative activities of catalases and superoxide dismutases were upregulated within 24h in the leaves of P. indica-colonized plants. Drought-related genes DREB2A, CBL1,ANAC072, and RD29A were upregulated in drought-stressed leaves of P. indica-colonized plants. Furthermore, after drought treatment, proline content increased, whereas accumulation of malondialdehyde(MDA), an indicator of membrane damage, decreased in P. indica-colonized maize. We conclude that P. indica-mediated plant protection against the detrimental effects of drought may result from enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity,proline accumulation, and expression of drought-related genes and lower membrane damage in maize plants.

关键词： Antioxidants Drought-related genes Drought tolerance Piriformospora indica Maize

Reliability Evaluation of IEEE 802.11p-Based Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication in an Urban Expressway

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第4期20卷 417-428页

作者： Yizhi Wang Jianming Hu Yi Zhang Chao Xu Department of Automation Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList) Tsinghua University Jiangsu Province collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic technologies

IEEE 802.11p/DSRC （Dedicated Short Range Communication） is considered to be a promising wireless communication standard for enhancing transportation safety and efficiency. However, IEEE 802.11p-based Vehicle- to-Vehicle （V2V） communication is still unreliable because of the complicating factors of high vehicle speed and complex radio environments. In this paper, we performed a data-based evaluation of V2V communication reliability, using real-world measurements in a typical urban expressway in Beijing. With respect to the characteristics of the urban expressway and our experimental data, we found road slope and traffic density to be the major environmental factors having a significant impact on the V2V communication＇s Line-Of-Sight （LOS） conditions. On the basis of these two factors, we propose a fuzzy classification method for the LOS conditions, and separate the real- time communication environments into different LOS cases. For each LOS case, we quantify the metrics as received signal strength indication, packet delivery rate, and communication latency. The results reveal that the communication reliability in urban expressways is very unstable because of the changing LOS conditions. This study provides a useful reference for the IEEE 802.11 p-based cooperative systems in urban expressways.

关键词： IEEE 802.11p V2V communication empirical measurement urban expressway line-of-sight condition

Single lithium-ion channel polymer binder for stabilizing sulfur cathodes

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 315-323页

作者： Chaoqun Niu Jie Liu Tao Qian Xiaowei Shen Jinqiu Zhou Chenglin Yan College of Energy Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow University

Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential for high-performance energy-storage devices, yet the severe diffusion of soluble polysulfide to electrolyte greatly limits their practical applications. To address the above issues, herein we design and synthesize a novel polymer binder with single lithium-ion channels allowing fast lithium-ion transport while blocking the shuttle of unnecessary polysulfide anions. In situ UV–vis spectroscopy measurements reveal that the prepared polymer binder has effective immobilization to polysulfide intermediates. As expected, the resultant sulfur cathode achieves an excellent specific capacity of 1310 mAh g-1at 0.2 C, high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and stable cycling performance for 300 cycles at 1 C(1 C = 1675 mA g-1). This study reports a new avenue to assemble a polymer binder with a single lithium-ion channel for solving the serious problem of energy attenuation of lithium–sulfur batteries.

关键词： polymer binders single lithium-ion channels polysulfide intermediates lithium–sulfur batteries

Performance bounds of distributed adaptive filters with cooperative correlated signals

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第11期59卷 53-62页

作者： Chen CHEN Zhixin LIU Lei GUO Shannon cognitive Computing Laboratory 2012 Lab Huawei Technologies Co.Ltd. Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences

In this paper, we studied the least mean-square-based distributed adaptive filters, aiming at collectively estimating a sequence of unknown signals(or time-varying parameters) from a set of noisy measurements obtained through distributed sensors. The main contribution of this paper to relevant literature is that under a general stochastic cooperative signal condition, stability and performance bounds are established for distributed filters with general connected networks without stationarity or independency assumptions imposed on the regression signals.

关键词： distributed adaptive filters LMS random process stochastic stability graph connectivity

Path signature-based XAI-enabled network time series classification

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 91-106页

作者： Le SUN Yueyuan WANG Yongjun REN Feng XIA Department of Jiangsu collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology School of Computing technologies Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

Classifying network time series(NTS) is crucial for automating network administration and ensuring cyberspace security. It enables the detection of anomalies, the identification of network attacks,and the monitoring of performance issues, thereby providing valuable support for network protection and optimization. However, modern communication networks pose challenges for NTS classification *** include handling large-scale and complex NTS data, extracting features from intricate datasets, and addressing explainability requirements. These challenges are particularly pronounced for complex 5G networks. Notably, explainability has become crucial for the widespread deployment of network automation for 5G networks and beyond. To tackle these challenges, we propose a path-signature-based NTS classification model called recurrent signature(Recur Sig). This innovative model is designed to overcome the time-consuming feature selection problem by utilizing deep-learning(DL) techniques. Additionally, it provides a solution for addressing the black-box issue associated with DL models in network automation systems(NAS) by incorporating an explainable classification approach. Extensive experimentation on various public datasets demonstrates that Recur Sig outperforms existing models in accuracy and explainability. The results indicate its potential for application in cyberspace security and automated network management, offering an explainable solution for network protection and optimization.

关键词： network time series classification explainable artificial intelligence path signature automated network management recurrent neural network