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Phase Transitions and Seepage Characteristics during the Depletion development of Deep Condensate Gas Reservoirs

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Energy Engineering 2024年第10期121卷 2797-2823页

作者： Qiang Liu Rujun Wang Yintao Zhang Chong Sun Meichun Yang Yuliang Su Wendong Wang Ying Shi Zheng Chen Exploration and development Technology Research and development Center of Ultra-Deep Complex Oil and Gas Reservoirs Petro China Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla841000China School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China

Deep condensate gas reservoirs exhibit highly complex and variable phase behaviors,making it crucial to understand the relationship between fluid phase states and flow *** study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the actual production process of the deep condensate gas well A1 in a certain oilfield in *** phase behavior analysis and CMG software simulations,the study systematically investigates phase transitions,viscosity,and density changes in the gas and liquid phases under different pressure conditions,with a reservoir temperature of 165°*** research covers three crucial depletion stages of the reservoir:single-phase flow,two-phase transition,and two-phase *** findings indicate that retrograde condensation occurs when the pressure falls below the dew point pressure,reachingmaximum condensate liquid production at around *** pressure decreases,gas phase density and viscosity gradually decrease,while liquid phase density and viscosity show an increasing *** the initial single-phase flow stage,maintaining a consistent gas-oil ratio is observed when both bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are higher than the dew point ***,a sudden drop in bottom-hole pressure below the dew point triggers the production of condensate oil,significantly reducing subsequent gas and oil *** the transitional two-phase flow stage,as the bottom-hole pressure further decreases,the reservoir exhibits a complex flow regime with coexisting areas of gas and *** the subsequent two-phase flow stage,when both bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are below the dew point pressure,a significant increase in the gas-oil ratio is *** reservoir manifests a two-phase flow regime,devoid of single-phase gas flow *** lowpressure conditions in deep condensate gas reservoirs,considerations include gas injection,gas lift,and cyclic gas injection and production in surrounding ***,techniques such as hot nitrogen or CO

关键词： Deep condensate gas reservoirs depletion development phase behavior percolation laws dynamic production analysis

Characteristics of microscopic pore heterogeneity and development model of Wufeng‒Longmaxi Shales in the Pengshui area of south-east Chongqing

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第1期18卷 188-203页

作者： Lu SUN Zhigang WEN Guisong HE Peixian ZHANG Chenjun WU Liwen ZHANG Yingyang XI Bo LI College of Resources and Environment Yangtze UniversityWuhan 430100China Research Institute of Exploration and development Sinopec East China CompanyNanjing 210011China

Normal-pressure shale gas reservoirs are widely distributed in south-eastern Chongqing and show good potential for resource *** paper reports the organic matter(OM),physical,and pore characteristics,mineral composition,and gas content of representative shale samples from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Member 1 of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(Long 1 Member).Microscopic pores within different shale layers of the Long 1 Member were classified,quantitatively evaluated,and their development mechanisms were systematically *** found that OM characteristics,mineral composition,and pore type were the main factors affecting the enrichment and preservation of shale *** characteristics of the Long 1 Member are mainly controlled by changes in the sedimentary *** are evident differences in total organic carbon content and mineral composition vertically,leading to a variable distribution of pores across different *** matter abundance controls the degree of OM pore development,while clay minerals abundance control the development of clay mineral-related *** organic carbon content generally controls the porosity of the Long 1 Member,but clay minerals also play a role in OM-poor *** connectivity and permeability are influenced by the development of pores associated with brittle *** propose a microscopic pore development model for the different *** geochemical data and this pore development model,layers 1‒4 are considered to be excellent shale gas preservation and enrichment *** preservation conditions in layers 5‒7 result in high levels of shale gas *** 8‒9 possess a better sealing condition compared with layers 5‒7 and are conducive to the enrichment and preservation of shale gas,and can thus be used as future potential target *** research provides a theoretical basis for exploring and evaluating shale gas potential in the studied region or other co

关键词： shale gas pore characteristics Longmaxi Formation reservoir model

Optimization of Gas-Flooding Fracturing development in Ultra-Low Permeability Reservoirs

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 595-607页

作者： Lifeng Liu Menghe Shi Jianhui Wang Wendong Wang Yuliang Su Xinyu Zhuang Tight Oil Research Institute PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas development China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China Oil&Gas Technology Research Institute Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi’an710018China

Ultra-low permeability reservoirs are characterized by small pore throats and poor physical properties, which areat the root of well-known problems related to injection and production. In this study, a gas injection floodingapproach is analyzed in the framework of numerical simulations. In particular, the sequence and timing of fracturechanneling and the related impact on production are considered for horizontal wells with different fracturemorphologies. Useful data and information are provided about the regulation of gas channeling and possible strategiesto delay gas channeling and optimize the gas injection volume and fracture parameters. It is shown that inorder to mitigate gas channeling and ensure high production, fracture length on the sides can be controlled andlonger fractures can be created in the middle by which full gas flooding is obtained at the fracture location in themiddle of the horizontal well. A Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is provided by which the gas injectionvolume and the fracture parameters of gas injection flooding can be optimized. It is shown that an improvedoil recovery factor as high as 6% can be obtained.

关键词： Ultra-low permeability reservoir gas injection flooding component simulation fracture parameters intelligent optimization differential evolution

Impacts of proppant distribution on development of tight oil reservoirs with threshold pressure gradient

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 445-457页

作者： Ming Yue Wei-Yao Zhu Fei-Fei Gou Tian-Ru Song Yu-Chun You Qi-Tao Zhang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective development Beijing102206China School of Civil and Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

Field evidence indicates that proppant distribution and threshold pressure gradient have great impacts on well *** at the development of unconventional oil reservoirs in Triassic Chang-7 Unit,Ordos Basin of China,we presented an integrated workflow to investigate how(1)proppant placement in induced fracture and(2)non-linear flow in reservoir matrix would affect well productivity and fluid flow in the *** with our research before(Yue et al.,2020),here we extended this study into the development of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs)with large-scale complicated fracture *** integrated workflow is based on the finite element method and consists of simulation models for proppant-laden fluid flow,fracture flow,and non-linear seepage flow,*** results indicate that the distribution of proppant inside the induced cracks significantly affects the productivity of the *** we assign an idealized proppant distribution instead of the real distribution,there will be an overestimation of 44.98%in daily oil rate and 30.63%in cumulative oil production after continuous development of 1000 ***,threshold pressure gradient(TPG)also significantly affects the well performance in tight oil *** we simply apply linear Darcy’s law to the reservoir matrix,the overall cumulative oil production can be overrated by 77%after 1000 days of *** general,this research provides new insights into the development of tight oil reservoirs with TPG and meanwhile reveals the significance of proppant distribution and non-linear fluid flow in the production scenario design.

关键词： Proppant distribution Tight oil reservoir Multi-stage fractured horizontal well Threshold pressure gradient Moving boundary

A new production component method for natural gas development planning

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 283-292页

作者： Fanliao Wang Jiangchen Han Shucheng Liu Yanqing Liu Kun Su Jing Du Liru Wang Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing102206China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&development PetroChinaBeijing100083China

Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction of *** this new method,the annual production of old and new wells is predicted by year first and then is summed up to yield the production for the planning *** shows that the changes in the production of old wells in old blocks can be fitted and predicted using the vapor pressure model(VPM),with precision of 80%e95%,which is 6.6%e13.2%higher than that of other life cycle ***,a new production prediction process and method for new wells have been established based on this life cycle model to predict the production of medium-to-shallow gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin,with predication error of production rate in 2021 and 2022 being 6%and 3%*** new method can be used to guide the medium-and long-term planning or annual scheme preparation for gas *** is also applicable to planning for large single gas blocks that require continuous infill drilling and adjustment to improve gas recovery.

关键词： Production component method Production prediction Life cycle model Gas development planning Western Sichuan Basin

SeeMore: a spatiotemporal predictive model with bidirectional distillation and level-specific meta-adaptation

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 147-171页

作者： Yuqing MA Wei LIU Yajun GAO Yang YUAN Shihao BAI Haotong QIN Xianglong LIU State Key Lab of Software development Environment Beihang University

Predicting future frames using historical spatiotemporal data sequences is challenging and critical, and it is receiving a lot of attention these days from academic and industrial scholars. Most spatiotemporal predictive algorithms ignore the valuable backward reasoning ability and the disparate learning complexities among different layers and hence, cannot build good long-term dependencies and spatial correlations,resulting in suboptimal solutions. To address the aforementioned issues, we propose a two-stage coarse-to-fine spatiotemporal predictive model with bidirectional distillation and level-specific meta-adaptation(See More)in this paper, which includes a bidirectional distillation network(BDN) and a level-specific meta-adapter(LMA), to gain bidirectional multilevel reasoning. In the first stage, BDN concentrates on bidirectional dynamics modeling and coarsely constructs spatial correlations of different layers, while LMA is introduced in the second fine-tuning stage to refine the multilevel spatial correlations from a meta-learning *** particular, BDN mimics the forward and backward reasoning abilities of humans in a distillation manner,which aids in the development of long-term dependencies. The LMA views learning of different layers as disparate but related tasks and guides the transfer of learning experiences among these tasks through learning complexities. Thus, each layer could be closer to its solutions and could extract more informative spatial correlations. By capturing the enhanced short-term spatial correlations and long-term temporal dependencies,the proposed model could extract adequate knowledge from sequential historical observations and accurately predict future frames whose backtracking preconditions are consistent with the historical sequence. Our work is general and robust enough to be integrated into most spatiotemporal predictive models without requiring additional computation or memory cost during inference. Extensive experimen

关键词： spatiotemporal predictive learning knowledge transfer bidirectional distillation network level-specific meta-adapter coarse-to-fine training

Quantitative characterization of the brittleness of deep shales by integrating mineral content,elastic parameters,in situ stress conditions and logging analysis

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第1期11卷 167-179页

作者： Tongtong Luo Jianguo Wang Li Chen Chaoya Sun Qian Liu Fenggang Wang CCDC Geological Exploration&development Research Institute Chengdu610056SichuanChina China University of Petroleum(Beijing) ChangpingBeijing102249China Exploration and development Department of Chongqing Shale Gas Exploration and development Co. Ltd.Chongqing834000China

Deep shale reservoirs(3500–4500 m)exhibit significantly different stress states than moderately deep shale reservoirs(2000–3500 m).As a result,the brittleness response mechanisms of deep shales are also *** is urgent to investigate methods to evaluate the brittleness of deep shales to meet the increasingly urgent needs of deep shale gas *** this paper,the quotient of Young’s modulus divided by Poisson’s ratio based on triaxial compression tests under in situ stress conditions is taken as SSBV(Static Standard Brittleness Value).A new and pragmatic technique is developed to determine the static brittleness index that considers elastic parameters,the mineral content,and the in situ stress conditions(BIEMS).The coefficient of determination between BIEMS and SSBV reaches 0.555 for experimental data and 0.805 for field *** coefficient is higher than that of other brittleness indices when compared to *** can offer detailed insights into shale brittleness under various conditions,including different mineral compositions,depths,and stress *** technique can provide a solid data-based foundation for the selection of‘sweet spots’for single-well engineering and the comparison of the brittleness of shale gas production layers in different areas.

关键词： Deep shale reservoirs Brittleness Pressure effect Evaluation method Longmaxi formation Sichuan Basin

Public Perception on the Role of Urban Green Infrastructure development and Land Use Management in Rapidly Urbanized Countries:The Case of Hawassa City,Ethiopia

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 73-113页

作者： Mefekir Woldegebriel Tessema Birhanu Girma Abebe Ethiopian Institute of Architecture Building Construction and City Development(EiABC)Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Urban green areas are essential elements of cities and contribute to the quality of life in numerous ways by maintaining and regulating the ***,increased urbanization and development have placed urban green areas under extreme pressure,while unplanned urban growth has resulted in the loss of urban landscape and *** study’s objective was the public perception on the role of urban green infrastructure and land use *** 385 sample households were selected by using random sampling *** and econometric analyses were used for analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data by using SPSS version *** the major factors influencing the urban green infrastructure by respondents perception were education,income,family size,sex of respondent,marital status,type of employment,ownership of house,participation on public involvement,and frequency of visit to nearer planning which are significant variables in the *** visited the given green structure at least twice a week,and those not done it were 47.9% and 52.1%.The amount of individuals who visited it twice a week in positive perceivers was 64%,and the amount of those who have not done it was 36%.The Chi-square value of 10.9 was very big and telling us that the frequency of visit was determinant factor of *** is vital to keep in mind that while the built-up area and the agricultural areas are rising due to urbanization,the core-ecosystem land is being“eaten”as a result of the past and present land uses inside the administrative limits,as well as the services they *** the last 6 years,the rate at which the most precious ecosystems are disappearing has *** population,which reflects the demand for these services and benefits,is still growing,putting more strain on the *** recommendations include:Public involvement in urban green space planning and development was determinant and core variable of the *** government of the

关键词： Public perceptions Land use/land cover changes Green infrastructure Recreational areas Hawassa city

Analysis method and experimental study of ice accumulation detection signal based on Lamb waves

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 388-403页

作者： Yanxin ZHANG Hongjian ZHANG Xian YI Binrui WU Xianlei GUAN Jianjun XIONG Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China

A quantitative identification method for in-flight icing has the capability to significantly enhance the safety of aircraft *** guided waves have the unique advantage of detecting icing in a relatively large area,but quantitative identification of ice layers is a *** this paper,a quantitative identification method of ice accumulation based on ultrasonic guided waves is ***,a simulation model for the wave dynamics of piezoelectric coupling in three dimensions is established to analyze the propagation characteristics of Lamb waves in a structure consisting of an aluminum plate and an ice *** wavelet transform method is utilized to extract the Time of Flight(ToF)or Time of Delay(ToD)of S_(0)/B_(1) mode waves,which serves as a characteristic parameter to precisely determine and assess the level of ice ***,an experimental system is developed to evaluate the feasibility of Lamb waves-based icing real-time detection in the presence of spray ***,a combination of the Hampel median filter and the moving average filter is developed to analyze ToF/ToD *** simulation results reveal a positive correlation between geometric dimensions(length,width,thickness)of the ice layer and ToF/ToD of B1 mode waves,indicating their potential as indicators for quantifying ice *** results of real-time icing detection indicate that ToF/ToD will reach greater peak values with the growth of the arbitrary-shaped ice layer until saturation to effectively predict the simulation *** study lays a foundation for the practical application of quantitative icing detection via ultrasonic guided waves.

关键词： Ice Ice accumulation Ultrasonic sensor Ultrasonic guided wave Lamb wave Wavelet transform