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Decellularized extracellular matrix as scaffold for cancer organoid cultures of colorectal peritoneal metastases

Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第11期14卷 36-49页

作者： Luca Varinelli Marcello Guaglio Silvia Brich Susanna Zanutto Antonino Belfiore Federica Zanardi Fabio Iannelli Amanda Oldani Elisa Costa Matteo Chighizola Ewelina Lorenc Simone P.Minardi Stefano Fortuzzi Martina Filugelli Giovanna Garzone Federica Pisati Manuela Vecchi Giancarlo Pruneri Shigeki Kusamura Dario Baratti Laura Cattaneo Dario Parazzoli Alessandro Podestà Massimo Milione Marcello Deraco Marco A.Pierotti Manuela Gariboldi Department of Research Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumorivia G.Venezian 120133 MilanItaly Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Unit Colon and Rectal SurgeryFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumorivia G.Venezian 120133 MilanItaly Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Clinical Research lABoratory(CRAB)Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumorivia G.Venezian 120133 MilanItaly Bioinformatics Core Unit IFOM ETSThe AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncologyvia Adamello 1620139 MilanItaly Imaging Technological Development Unit IFOM ETSThe AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncologyvia Adamello 1620139 MilanItaly C.I.Ma.I.Na.and Dipartimento di Fisica‘Aldo Pontremoli’ Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia G.Celoria 1620133 MilanItaly cogentech ltd benefit corporation with a sole shareholder via Adamello 1620139 MilanItaly Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumorivia G.Venezian 120133 MilanItaly

Peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with poor survival. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in modulating the homing of CRC metastases to the peritoneum. The mechanisms underlying the interactions between metastatic cells and the ECM, however, remain poorly understood, and the number of in vitro models available for the study of the peritoneal metastatic process is limited. Here, we show that decellularized ECM of the peritoneal cavity allows the growth of organoids obtained from PM, favoring the development of three-dimensional (3D) nodules that maintain the characteristics of in vivo PM. Organoids preferentially grow on scaffolds obtained from neoplastic peritoneum, which are characterized by greater stiffness than normal scaffolds. A gene expression analysis of organoids grown on different substrates reflected faithfully the clinical and biological characteristics of the organoids. An impact of the ECM on the response to standard chemotherapy treatment for PM was also observed. The ex vivo 3D model, obtained by combining patient-derived decellularized ECM with organoids to mimic the metastatic niche, could be an innovative tool to develop new therapeutic strategies in a biologically relevant context to personalize treatments.

关键词： colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis organoids extracellular matrix(ECM) decellularized extracellular matrix engineered disease model ECM stiffness

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Solvent Extraction Developments in Southern Africa

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 153-159页

作者： Peter M. Cole Kathryn C. sole Angus M. Feather Matomo Projects (Pty) ltd. Johannesburg South Africa Anglo American Research Laboratories Johannesburg South Africa Cognis corporation Johannesburg South Africa

The largest solvent-extraction plant in the world at the time, the Nchanga Copper Operation, was in Zambia. The first commercial process using solvent extraction for the refining of the platinum-group metals was in South Africa. More recently, the Southern African region has seen the implementation of solvent extraction for other base metals, precious metals, and specialty metals. These include the world firsts of primary production of zinc at Skorpion Zinc in Namibia and the large-scale refining of gold by Harmony Gold in South Africa. Several other flowsheets that use solvent-extraction technology are currently under commissioning, development, or feasibility study for implementation in this part of the world, including those for the recovery of copper, cobalt, nickel, tantalum, and niobium.

关键词： solvent extraction zinc recovery gold refining copper cobalt nickel

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Differential responses of root growth to nutrition with different ammonium/nitrate ratios involve auxin distribution in two tobacco cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2703-2715页

作者： MENG Lin DONG Jian-xin WANG Shu-sheng SONG Ke LING Ai-fen YANG Jin-guang XIAO Zhi-xin LI Wei SONG Wen-jing LIANG Hong-bo Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tobacco Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdao 266101P.R.China Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Tobacco corporation Xichang 615000P.R.China Baoshan Branch Yunnan Tobacco CompanyBaoshan 678000P.R.China Hongyunhonghe Tobacco(Group)Co. Ltd.Kunming 650231P.R.China

Nitrogen(N), the major forms of which are nitrate(NO3–) and ammonium(NH4+), plays an important role in plant growth and mediation of root development. However, the role of auxin in root growth in response to different NH4+/NO3– ratios remains unclear. Two tobacco cultivars(Nicotiana tabacum L.) were adopted in this study, which displayed variant growth features under the situations with sole NO3– nutrition ratio(NH4+/NO3– ratio: 0/100), low NO3– nutrition ratio(NH4+/NO3– ratio: 97/3), and optimal NH4+/NO3– ratio(50/50). We investigated the effects of the different NH4+/NO3– ratios on the formation and elongation of lateral roots(LRs), auxin concentration, DR5::GUS expression, 3 H-labeled indole acetic acid([3 H]IAA) transport, and the expression of six PIN genes in tobacco roots. We also examined the effects of exogenous auxin and a transport inhibitor on LRs growth. The results are shown as follows, compared to optimal N nutrition conditions, the biomass and nitrogen(N) accumulation were largely reduced by sole and low NO3– nutrition treatment in NC89, but no difference was observed in Zhongyan 100. In most cases, sole and low NO3– nutrition impaired the elongation and formation of firstorder lateral roots(1° LRs), only in NC89, thus reducing the root growth. IAA concentration and DR5::GUS expression levels decreased in roots when NC89 was subjected to sole and low NO3– nutrition media, suggesting that different NH4+/NO3– ratios affect the transport of auxin from leaves to roots. Results were similar following exogenous NAA application to low NO3– nutrition treated seedlings. Based on direct [3 H]IAA transport measurement, the transport of polar auxin from shoots to roots decreased due to low NO3– nutrition. PIN4 expression levels were markedly decreased in roots of NC89by sole and low NO3– nutrition, while they were unaffected in Zhongyan 100 roots. Overall, our findings suggest that LRs formation in tobacco seedlings is regulated by NH4+/NO3– ratios via modifying

关键词： auxin lateral root formation and elongation tobacco NH4+/NO3~ratio

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Enrichment by air classification of indium components from In-containing scrap powders scraped by sand-blasting chamber shields of sputter coaters

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Rare Metals 2010年第1期29卷 1-8页

作者： Sungkyu Lee Soo-Bok Jeong Hang-Chul Jung Hyun Seon Hong Yongseung Yun Sang Mo Woo Plant Engineering Center Institute for Advanced Engineering633-2 Goan-ri Baegam-myeon Cheoin-gu Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 449-863 Korea Division of Chemical and Materials Engineering Ajou University 5 Wonchon Youngtong Suwon Gyeonggi-do 443-749 Korea Minerals and Materials Processing Division Korea Institute of Geo-science and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) 30 Gajeong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-350 Korea Plant Engineering Center Institute for Advanced Engineering633-2 Goan-ri Baegam-myeon Cheoin-gu Yongin-siGyeonggi-do 449-863 Korea 9 Digit Co. Ltd. 20BL-10L Namdong Industrial Complex428-9 Nonhyeon-dong Namdong-gu Incheon 405-848 Korea

Raw scrap powders containing 10 wt.% In were recovered by sand-blasting chamber shields of sputter coaters and used as a sole source of indium components for both sieving and air-classification. Sieving was performed first as a feasibility test, and enrichment of indium component was possible up to 19 wt.% with a mesh size of 635. With this experimental basis, the raw scrap powders were air-classified into 12 lots according to the revolution per minute （r/min） of a single horizontally arranged classifying wheel： 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000, and 14000 r/rain. The particle cut size varied from 56 to 5 μm with turbo wheel speeds corresponding to 4000 to 14000 r/min, respectively, and enrichment of indium component was possible in fine overflow fractions at all turbo wheel speeds while the indium components were not concentrated in all of the coarse underflow fractions. The grade of the indium components became higher with decreasing particle size of the air-classified scrap powders, with the highest grade obtained in the fine overflow fraction with a turbo wheel speed of 14000 r/min. The amount of indium in the fine overflow fractions varied between 15.9 wt.% and 31.5 wt.%. All in all, the grade or purity of the indium component improved rather significantly from 15.9 wt.% to 31.5 wt.% by air-classification, but this also resulted in overall decrease in recovery rate from 99.33% to 49.64%. Therefore, enrichment and separation of indium should be optimized for maximum recovery and grade of the indium components, which can be used as raw materials in the subsequent electro-refining processes.

关键词： indium air-classification recycling indium tin oxide gas-cyclone dry dispersion

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