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An Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality and Selected Soil Parameters at Mutema Irrigation Scheme, Zimbabwe

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第2期6卷 132-140页

作者： Abel Chemura Dumisani Kutywayo Tapiwanashe M. Chagwesha Pardon Chidoko AGRITEX Chipinge Zimbabwe Department of Environmental Science & Technology Chinhoyi University of Technology Chinhoyi Zimbabwe DR & SS Agricultural Research Centre Harare Zimbabwe DR & SS Coffee Research Institute Chipinge Zimbabwe

Soil salinity and sodicity are major factors limiting agricultural productivity in irrigation schemes located in semi-arid areas. A study was conducted to assess the quality of irrigation water used in Mutema Irrigation Scheme located in south-east Zimbabwe to understand how irrigation water quality is related to the chemical quality of soils in the scheme. Irrigation water samples were collected from groundwater and surface sources in 2012 and their hydrochemistry determined while soil samples were collected from irrigated and non-irrigated parts of the scheme in 2006 and 2012 and analysed for selected chemical properties. The results indicated that the groundwater had high concentrations of Na+ (4.35 mg/l), Mg2+ (4.75 mg/l), Cl- (3.6 mg/l) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) (1729 Msm/cm) compared to the surface irrigation water source which had 0.72 mg/l Na+, 2.25 mg/l Mg2+, 0.78 mg/l Cl- and 594 Msm/cm EC. The soils in the scheme had higher levels of pH, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) and EC which in some blocks exceeded the threshold requirements for cropping. It was found that pH, SAR and ESP were significantly higher (p ) in irrigated blocks compared to non-irrigated areas of the scheme, indicating an influence of irrigation water on soils characteristics in irrigated plots. Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the soils positively correlated with Na+ (r2 = 0.67 and r2 = 0.57 respectively). The results indicated that the groundwater presents a chloride hazard to the soils in the scheme which are becoming saline and therefore require proper management and choice of crops to sustain crop production.

关键词： Mutema Irrigation Scheme Salinity Irrigation Water Quality SAR ESP

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Management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2015

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第30期7卷 2962-2967页

作者： Neel Malhotra Melanie D Beaton Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Western University London Health Sciences centre University Hospital

There is no single pharmacologic therapy that has been approved to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the general population. The backbone of therapy currently includes intensive lifestyle modification withestablished targets for diet and weight loss. The use of unsweetened, unfiltered coffee along with limiting high fructose corn syrup have emerged as beneficial dietary recommendations. The use of empiric oral hypoglycemic agents and vitamin E, however, has not been widely accepted. Developing bariatric surgical techniques are promising, but additional studies with long-term follow up are needed before it can be widely recommended. Finally, liver transplantation is an increasingly frequent consideration once complications of endstage disease have developed. The future treatment of those with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease will likely involve a personalized approach. The importance of the gut microbiome in mediating hepatocyte inflammation and intestinal permeability is emerging and may offer avenues for novel treatment. The study of anti-fibrotic agents such as pentoxifylline and FXR agonists hold promise and new pathways, such as hepatocyte cannabinoid receptor antagonists are being studied. With the incidence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome increasing throughout the developed world, the future will continue to focus on finding novel agents and new applications of existing therapies to help prevent and to mediate the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

关键词： Lobular inflammation Non-alcoholic fattyliver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Liver fibrosis

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Isolation and identification of an isomeric sildenafil analogue as an adulterant in an instant coffee premix

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 290-298页

作者： Ahmad Yusri Mohd Yusop Linda Xiao Shanlin Fu centre for Forensic Science University of Technology SydneyUltimoAustralia Pharmacy Enforcement Division Ministry of HealthSelangorMalaysia

The proliferation of adulterated health foods and beverages in the market demands a comprehensive analytical strategy to identify the adulterants,particularly those of isomeric phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5)*** instant coffee premix(ICP)purchased from an online retailer was flagged for suspected adulteration through PDE5 inhibition *** ICP was then analysed using suspected-target and non-targeted screenings of a liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass *** on these findings,a PDE5 inhibitor initially assigned as compound X was isolated from the ICP by employing a liquid chromatography-diode array detection before its structural elucidation with liquid chromatography-ultraviolet(LC-UV)spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)*** suspected-target screening matched the protonated molecule([MþH]þ)precursor ion of compound X at m/z 499.2310 with two suspected analytes that are structural isomers of one *** fragmentation patterns of compound X were comparable to those analogues in the dithiocarbodenafil group through the non-targeted *** findings,complemented by the LC-UV and NMR spectroscopy data,together with the chromatographic separation of related structural isomers,conclude the identity of compound *** our best knowledge,this is the first study to report the presence of 3,5-dimethylpiperazinyl-dithiodesmethylcarbodenafil in an ICP sample.

关键词： Forensic sciences food adulteration non-targeted screening phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors structural isomer suspected-target screening

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Chlorogenic acid complex(CGA7),standardized extract from green coffee beans exerts anticancer effects against cultured human colon cancer HCT-116 cells

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2017年第3期6卷 147-153页

作者： K.Gouthamchandra H.V.Sudeep B.J.Venkatesh K.Shyam Prasad Department of Biomedicinal Research R&D Centre for ExcellenceVidya Herbs Pvt.Ltd#14AJigani I PhaseBangalore 560105KarnatakaIndia

coffee is commonly consumed beverage in the world and it has been suggested to have beneficial *** acids(CGAs)are main ingredient of coffee beans which has been extensively used in nutraceuticals and ***,various therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acids have been ***,there are limited studies to investigate its anticancer *** the present study,we have used chlorogenic acid complex(CGA7)a decaffeinated water soluble green coffee bean extract to evaluate its cytotoxic effect on human and mouse cancer cell lines by using different *** our results we found CGA7 treatment induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner in different cancer cell ***,CGA7 induced apoptosis was characterized by DNA fragmentation,PARP-1 cleavage,caspase-9 activation,and down regulation of Bcl-2,an anti-apoptotic protein and up regulation of pro-apoptotic protein *** findings indicated that CGA7 complex a potent anticancer molecule found in green coffee beans could be a safe bioactive ingredient for prevention of cancer.

关键词： Apoptosis Chlorogenic acid complex PARP-1 Green coffee beans DNA fragmentation

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Organic coffee under Perspective of Energy Efficiency

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第1期4卷 15-20页

作者： Patricia Helena Nogueira Turco Osmar de Carvalho Bueno: Maura Seiko Tsutsui Esperancini Flavia Mariade Mello Bliska Department of Decentralization of Development Agriculture Secretary of S6o Paulo State Sao Paulo Agency of AgribusinessTechnology Campinas 13012-970 Sao Paulo Brazil Department of Economics and Rural Sociology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Botucatu Universidade Jfilio de MesquitaFilho Paulista State University Rua Josd Barbosa de Barros Botucatu 18603-970 Sao Paulo Brazil Agriculture Secretary of Sao Paulo State Sao Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology Coffee Centre Agronomic InstituteCampinas 13012-970 Sao Paulo Brazil

The energy analysis development in this study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of the organic coffee productive system, in particular to assess the independence of this system with respect to the use of industrialized input products. Thus, it provides information about the sustainability of that production system. Technical itineraries used in this study consist of energy expenditure made with coffee cultivation, according to the type, source and form of energy inputs, agricultural machines, equipment and labor force used in that production system. The energy expenditure, converted into energy units, quantified the input energy. And the organic coffee production, measured in kilograms of processed coffee beans, was the output energy. Primary data used in this study were obtained from organic coffee producers in the Southern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2011. Energy balance identified was positive, since the estimated output energy was 626.465 M J/ha and the energy expenditure was 112.998 M J/ha, during the useful life of the crop.

关键词： Energetic balance sustainable production coffee cultivation.

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Modeling effects of abiotic factors on the abundances of eight woody species in the Harana forest using artificial networks,random forest,and generalized linear models

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 151-164页

作者： Girma Ayele Bedane Gudina Legese Feyisa Feyera Senbeta Wakjira Center for Environmental Science College of Computational and Natural ScienceAddis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia centre for Environment and Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background Abiotic factors exert different impacts on the abundance of individual tree species in the forest but little has been known about the impact of abiotic factors on the individual plant,particularly,in a tropical *** study identified the impact of abiotic factors on the abundances of Podocarpus falcatus,Croton macrostachyus,Celtis africana,Syzygium guineense,Olea capensis,Diospyros abyssinica,Feliucium decipenses,and Coffea arabica.A systematic sample design was used in the Harana forest,where 1122 plots were established to collect the abundance of *** forest(RF),artificial neural network(ANN),and generalized linear model(GLM)models were used to examine the impacts of topographic,climatic,and edaphic factors on the log abundances of woody *** RF model was used to predict the spatial distribution maps of the log abundances of each *** The RF model achieved a better prediction accuracy with R^(2)=71%and a mean squared error(MSE)of 0.28 for Feliucium *** RF model differentiated elevation,temperature,precipitation,clay,and potassium were the top variables that influenced the abundance of *** ANN model showed that elevation induced a nega-tive impact on the log abundances of all woody *** GLM model reaffirmed the negative impact of elevation on all woody species except the log abundances of Syzygium guineense and Olea *** ANN model indicated that soil organic matter(SOM)could positively affect the log abundances of all woody *** GLM showed a similar positive impact of SOM,except for a negative impact on the log abundance of Celtis africana at pcoffee arabica,Filicium decipenses,and Celtis africana were confined to the eastern parts,while the log abundance of Olea capensis was limited to the western *** The impacts of abiotic factors on the abundance of woody species may vary with *** ecological underst

关键词： Species distribution model Random forest Artificial neural network Generalized linear model Species abundance Woody species Environmental variable

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潜在的食品污染剂和与之相关的健康危险(英文)

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第3期23卷 5-14页

作者： Sharda Shah PESHIN,Shyam BalaLALL,Suresh KumarGUPTA National Poisons Information centre Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi-110029 India National Poisons Information centre Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi-110029 India National Poisons Information centre Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ansari Nagar New Delhi-110029 India

The potential toxicants in food are derived from natural or industrial sources. Compounds like lectins and glycoalkaloids that are toxic to man are naturally present in some vegetables like potatoes or legumes. A wide variety of marine toxins mostly produced by dinoflagel-lates occuring secondarily in molluscs and mussels are usually ingested by human beings causing poisoning. On the other hand, toxic compounds find their way into food during manufacture, storage, or transportation. These include largely the industrial contaminants, persistent organic pollutants (POP), pesticides, heavy metals, and toxins of fungal and bacterial origin. Further, toxic compounds like higher alcohols may be produced as byproducts during processing. Migration of compounds from packaging materials into packaged food like contamination with lead from solder in certain metal cans is well known. Additives (emulsifiers, preservatives, and antioxidants) could also influence the quality of foods. Solvent residues may find their w

关键词：食品污染有机磷化合物油类芳香烃类重离子微生物学真菌

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Impacts of coffee Production in Agroforestry System for Sustainable Development

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第8期3卷 535-544页

作者： Flavia Maria de Mello Bliska Patricia Helena Nogueira Turco Antonio Bliska Jfinior Daniel Carvalho Nepomuceno Agronomic Institute Coffee Centre S6o Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology Agriculture Secretary of Sao Paulo StateCampinas Sao Paulo 13012-970 Brazil Department of Decentralization of Development Silo Paulo Agency of Agribusiness Technology Agriculture Secretary of SaoPaulo State Campinas Sao Paulo 13012-970 Brazil Faculty of Agricultural Engineering University of Campinas Av. Cdndido Rondon 501-Bar6o Geraldo Campinas S6o Paulo13083-875 Brazil

This study estimates the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of coffee production in the agroforestry system in the settlements of farmers located in the West of the state of Silo Paulo, Brazil, in the region known as Pontal of Paranapanema, aiming at the development of programs to support the growth of production sustainable coffee and programs to protect the coffee activity before the possible global climate change. The settlements are located in areas with sandy soils and highly degraded by human action Moreover, the region is considered marginal for the production of coffee, because it is subject to periods of high temperatures, prolonged drought and frost risk, which hinders the sustainability of farms. The environmental and socioeconomic impacts of agroforestry are analyzed through Ambitec-agro system, consisting of a set of indicators aimed at ex-post evaluation of the contribution of technological innovation to environmental, social and economic development of an agricultural activity. The system Ambitec involves：（1） general data collection about the technology; （2） application of questionnaires with adopters selected and insertion of data on impact indicators spreadsheets via platform MS-Excel and to obtain quantitative results and impacts partial indexes and aggregates the impact of technology selected; （3） analysis and interpretation of indices obtained, which vary between -15 and 15. The results indicate that agroforestry management can contribute to：（1） maintaining or increasing the sustainability of traditional coffee-growing regions in the case of sudden climate change; （2） the expansion of the coffee regions now considered unsuitable for the cultivation of coffee; （3） for sustainable regional development.

关键词： Climate changes sustainable development regional development coffee production.

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Geographic-Scale coffee Cherry Counting with Smartphones and Deep Learning

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第2期6卷 390-400页

作者： Juan Camilo Rivera-Palacio Christian Bunn Eric Rahn Daisy Little-Savage Paul Günter Schmidt Masahiro Ryo Leibniz centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) Müncheberg15374Germany Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT Rome00153Italy Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg Cottbus03046Germany Producers Direct LondonE28EXUK

Deep learning and computer vision,using remote sensing and drones,are 2 promising nondestructive methods for plant monitoring and ***,their applications are infeasible for many crop systems under tree canopies,such as coffee crops,making it challenging to perform plant monitoring and phenotyping at a large spatial scale at a low *** study aims to develop a geographic-scale monitoring method for coffee cherry counting,supported by an artificial intelligence(AI)-powered citizen science *** approach uses basic smartphones to take a few pictures of coffee trees;2,968 trees were investigated with 8,904 pictures in Junin and Piura(Peru),Cauca,and Quindio(Colombia)in 2022,with the help of nearly 1,000 smallholder coffee ***,we trained and validated YOLO(You Only Look Once)v8 for detecting cherries in the dataset in *** average number of cherries per picture was multiplied by the number of branches to estimate the total number of cherries per *** model's performance in Peru showed an R^(2)of *** the model was tested in Colombia,where different varieties are grown in different biogeoclimatic conditions,the model showed an R^(2)of *** overall performance in both countries reached an R^(2)of *** results suggest that the method can be applied to much broader scales and is transferable to other varieties,countries,and *** our knowledge,this is the first AI-powered method for counting coffee cherries and has the potential for a geographic-scale,multiyear,photo-based phenotypic monitoring for coffee crops in low-income countries worldwide.

关键词： geographic learning scale coffee deep with cherry counting smartphones

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Exploring suitability for tropical crop cultivation in Hainan Island by SOTAL methodology

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第4期11卷 40-46页

作者： Zhang Xue-lei S.Mantel Zhang Gan-lin V.W.P.van Engelen Institute of Soil Science CASNanjing 210008China International Soil Reference and Information centre AJ Wageningen353-6700Netherlands)

A SOTER-based automatic procedure for qualitative land evaluation is developed. This procedure was created in the automated land evaluation system (ALES). The objective was to design a procedure that allows for a quick separation of potentially suitable from non-suitable SOTER units for the intended land use, indicating constraints to different kinds of land use. Different kinds of land are unequal1y suited to various uses, land eva1uation is the assessment of the suitability of a tract of land for a specified kind of land use. In practice this implicates the comparison (matching) between the requirements of a specified land use and the properties of the land. Land evaluation concepts and definitions are treated in the paper. The ALES is a computer program that allows land evaluators to build their own knowledge-based system with which they can compute the physical and economical suitability of map units in accordance with FAO framework for land evaluation. The ALES program works with so-called decision trees, being hierarchical multiway keys in which the leaves are results (e.g., severity levels of land qualities), and the interior nodes of the tree are decision criteria (e.g., land characteristic values). These trees are traversed by the program to compute an evaluation using actual land data for each map unit. SOTAL is a SOTER-based qualitative model developed in ALES for physical land evaluation in which presently three land utilization types (LUTs) are distinguished, i.e., cultivated banana, coffee and rubber under different input and technological conditions. These LUTs are characterized by 11 landuse requirements and evaluated by matching the land use requirements with the corresponding land qualities. The paper elaborates on the criteria used in SOTAL for land quality assessment and how a final suitability rating is achieved on the basis of the rated land qualities. Results are visualized through G1S-generated maps as products in response to the specific inf

关键词： evaluation tropical crops HaiSOTER Hainan Island

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