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Recent progress in hair follicle stem cell markers and their regulatory roles

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第2期16卷 126-136页

作者： Yi-Zhan Xing Hai-Ying Guo Fei Xiang Yu-Hong Li department of Cell Biology Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China institute of burn Research Southwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China

Hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs)in the bulge are a multipotent adult stem cell *** can periodically give rise to new HFs and even regenerate the epidermis and sebaceous glands during wound *** increasing number of biomarkers have been used to isolate,label,and trace HFSCs in recent *** more detailed data from single-cell transcriptomics technology,we mainly focus on the important HFSC molecular markers and their regulatory roles in this review.

关键词： Hair follicle stem cells Bulge Secondary hair germ Marker Single-cell RNA-sequencing

Appendicitis combined with Meckel’s diverticulum obstruction, perforation, and inflammation in children: Three case reports

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World Journal of clinical Cases 2024年第4期12卷 865-871页

作者： Yi-Meng Sun Wang Xin Yu-Fang Liu Zhe-Ming Guan Hao-Wen Du Ning-Ning Sun Yong-Dong Liu School of clinical Medicine Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang 261000Shandong ProvinceChina department of Pediatric Surgery Weifang People’s HospitalWeifang 261000Shandong ProvinceChina department of burn Surgery Weifang People’s HospitalWeifang 261000Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Meckel’s diverticulum is a common congenital malformation of the small intestine,with the three most common complications being obstruction,per-foration,and *** date,only a few cases have been reported *** children,the clinical symptoms are similar to *** most of the imaging features are nonspecific,the preoperative diagnosis is not *** addition,the clinical characteristics are highly similar to pediatric acute appendicitis,thus special attention is necessary to distinguish Meckel’s diver-ticulum from pediatric *** with poor disease control should undergo laparoscopic exploration to avoid serious complications,including intestinal necrosis,intestinal perforation and gastrointestinal *** SUMMARY This report presents three cases of appendicitis in children combined with intestinal obstruction,which was caused by fibrous bands(ligaments)arising from the top part of Meckel's diverticulum,diverticular perforation,and diver-ticular *** three patients,aged 11-12 years,had acute appendicitis as their initial clinical *** were treated by laparoscopic surgery with a favorable outcome.A complete dataset including clinical presentation,dia-gnostic imaging,surgical information,and histopathologic findings was also *** Preoperative diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum and its complications is challenging because its clinical signs and complications are similar to those of appendicitis in *** combined with laparotomy is useful for diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Meckel’s diverticulum Complications Intestinal obstruction Perforation Appendicitis in children Mesodiverticular band Ligament Diverticular disease Case report

Study on the Mechanism of Glutamine Promoting the Synthesis of Colonic Mucin and Maintaining the Stability of Intestinal Microbiota in Septic Mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Yanyan Pan Gang Yang Dan Wu Yan Wei Shijun Fan Lin Xia Qian Chen Qianying Huang Yongling Lu Xi Peng clinical Medical Research Center Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) burn department Ningbo No.2 Hospital nstitute of burn Research State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)

Colonic mucus and gut microbiota closely linked through mutual regulatory effect. While their alterations during sepsis and whether glutamine can maintain the colonic mucus barrier and gut microbiota stability are unclear. Cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in mice was utilized to observe changes in colonic mucus， gut microbiota， and their interaction with glutamine intervention. Our findings indicated that glutamine mitigated sepsis-induced intestinal damage and restores colonic mucus barrier function by augmenting mucin synthesis. Further analysis revealed that goblet cells were under oxidative stress after sepsis， resulting in anterior gradient-2 (AGR2)， the key mucin-modifying enzyme， being dissynthesized， and inhibiting mucin2 (MUC2) maturation. glutamine could ameliorates this situation by promoting the key enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) glycosylation in the pentose phosphate pathway， increasing the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) synthesis， reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress， and accelerating AGR2 synthesis and MUC2 maturation. Additionally， glutamine aided in maintaining gut microbiota stability during sepsis， up-regulating mucin-associated bacteria such as Akkermansia and Alistipes. These bacteria， intimately linked to mucin synthesis and degradation， may impact intestinal mucus stability. In conclusion， glutamine can maintain goblet cell redox balance， promotes AGR2 synthesis and MUC2 maturation， shields the mucus barrier， and potentially maintains gut microbiota stability by regulating the interaction between bacteria and mucus， thus alleviating sepsis-induced intestinal damage.

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Impact of lifestyle interventions on pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第20期30卷 2633-2637页

作者： Wafaa Mohamed Ezzat department of Internal Medicine Medical Research and Clinical Studies InstituteNational Research CenterGiza 12311Egypt

This editorial builds on the article titled“Establishment and validation of an adherence prediction system for lifestyle interventions in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease”by Zeng et *** carried out a critical examination of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)pathogenesis and how lifestyle interventions could facilitate disease resolution,particularly highlighting that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is a severe form of *** discussion details that weight loss is a pivotal factor in disease outcomes:A 3%-5%reduction is enough for resolution in 50%of non-obese individuals,while a 7%-10%reduction achieves similar benefits in obese individuals,as demonstrated by magnetic resonance ***,the editorial underscores that such lifestyle changes are instrumental not only in resolving NAFLD but also in reversing hepatic steatosis and *** insights,derived from the research,emphasize the critical role of personalized lifestyle modifications in halting the progression of NAFLD to NASH and even reversing fibrosis,thus offering a template for effective patient management.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Diet Physical activity Life style

Early-onset and later-onset cancer: trends, risk factors, and prevention in Northern China

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 1928-1940页

作者： Tong Liu Chen-An Liu Qing-Song Zhang Qi Zhang Yi-Ming Wang Meng-Meng Song Shi-Qi Lin Li Deng Shou-Ling Wu Han-Ping Shi department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of Clinical Nutrition Beijing Shijitan Hospital Capital Medical University National clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation Laboratory for clinical Medicine Capital Medical University department of General Surgery Kailuan General Hospital department of Genetics Yale School of Medicine department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Kailuan General Hospital Cardiovascular Research institute University of California department of Cardiology Kailuan General Hospital

The characteristics of early-onset(onset age <50 years) and later-onset(onset age ≥50 years) cancers differ significantly. Identifying novel risk factors for both types of cancer is crucial for increasing awareness of cancer prevention and for reducing its burden. This study aimed to analyze the trends in incidence and risk factors for early-onset and late-onset cancers. We conducted a prospective study by drawing data from the Kailuan Study. This study included 6,741 participants with cancer(624 with early-onset cancer and 6,117 with later-onset cancer)and 6,780 matched controls among the 186,249 participants who underwent Kailuan health examinations from 2006 to 2019. The primary outcomes were cancer incidence rates, and associated risk factors for early-and later-onset cancer. Weighted Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of each exposure factor for early-and later-onset cancer by cancer type. Populationattributable risk proportions were used to estimate the number of cases that could be prevented by eliminating a risk factor from the population. Except for liver cancer, incidence rates for nearly all types of cancer increased during the study period. Smoking, alcohol consumption, lipid metabolism disorders, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver, and inflammation were associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer at multiple sites, but risk factors for cancer incidence differed by site. Smoking, alcohol consumption, inflammation,and hypertension were the major contributors to preventable cancer. The incidence of several different types of cancer, including earlyonset cancer, is increasing in northeastern China. Differences in risk factors between early-onset and later-onset malignancies may contribute to the divergence in the observed changes in incidence trends between these two specific types of cancer.

关键词： cancer early-onset later-onset trend risk factor prevention

Molecular mechanisms underlying microglial sensing and phagocytosis in synaptic pruning

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1284-1290页

作者： Anran Huo Jiali Wang Qi Li Mengqi Li Yuwan Qi Qiao Yin Weifeng Luo Jijun Shi Qifei Cong clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Soochow University department of Neurology and clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural circuits. In brain physiology, highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and stimuli. Once the brain switches its functional states, microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions, including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular debris. The crosstalk of microglia between neurons, neural stem cells, endothelial cells, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning, neurogenesis, vascularization, myelination, and blood-brain barrier permeability. In this review, we highlight the neuron-derived “find-me,” “eat-me,” and “don’t eat-me” molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain development. This review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease, thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.

关键词： complement immune signals microglia molecular signal synapse elimination synapse formation synapse refinement synaptic pruning

The clinical characteristics and risk factors for necrotizing soft tissue infection in children

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Pediatric Investigation 2024年第1期8卷 21-26页

作者： Jing Liu Jigang Chen Yanni Wang Hongyan Qi Jing Yu department of burn and Plastic Surgery Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina

Importance:Necrotizing soft tissue infection(NSTI)is a serious infectious ***,the early clinical manifestations and indicators of NSTI in children are still ***:The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of NSTI in pediatric ***:A total of 127 children with skin and soft tissue infection(SSTI)were treated at our hospital and divided into two groups:the NSTI group and the non-NSTI group,based on their discharge diagnosis from January 2011 to December ***,we collected and analyzed the clinical characteristics and risk factors of all patients,including sex and age,disease inducement,admission temperature,local skin manifestations,infection site,the presence of sepsis,bacterial culture,and laboratory ***:In our study,there was a statistical difference in the age distribution and disease inducement between NSTI and non-NSTI *** occurrence of local skin manifestations(blisters/bullae and ecchymosis)and the presence of sepsis significantly increased in the NSTI group compared to the non-NSTI ***,only the platelet count on laboratory tests was statistically different between the NSTI and non-NSTI ***,the logistic regression analysis suggested that local skin manifestations such as blisters/bullae,and ecchymosis,as well as the presence of sepsis,were identified as risk factors for ***:Children with SSTI and skin manifestations such as blisters/bullae,ecchymosis,and the presence of sepsis are at a higher risk of developing *** symptoms serve as useful indicators for early detection of NSTI.

关键词： clinical characteristics Risk factors Necrotizing soft tissue infection Skin andsofttissueinfection

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Testosterone replacement therapy and vascular thromboembolic events: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第2期26卷 144-154页

作者： Rossella Cannarella Carmelo Gusmano Claudia Leanza Vincenzo Garofalo Andrea Crafa Federica Barbagallo Rosita A Condorelli Sandro La Vignera Aldo E Calogero department of clinical and Experimental Medicine University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Glickman Urological&Kidney institute Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH44195USA

To evaluate the relationship between testosterone replacement therapy(TRT)and arterial and/or venous thrombosis in patients with pre-treatment total testosterone(TT)<12 nmol I^(-1),we performed a meta-analysis following the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome ***:men with TT<12 nmol I^(-1) or clear mention of hypogonadism in the inclusion criteria of patients;intervention:TRT;comparison:placebo or no therapy;outcomes:arterial thrombotic events(stroke,myocardial infarction[MI],upper limbs,and lower limbs),VTE(deep vein thrombosis[DVT],portal vein thrombosis,splenic thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism),and mortality.A total of 2423 abstracts were assessed for ***-four studies,including 14 randomized controlled trials(RCTs),were finally included,with a total of 4027 and 310288 hypotestosteronemic male patients,from RCTs and from observational studies,*** on RCT-derived data,TRT did not influence the risk of arterial thrombosis(odds ratio[OR]=1.27,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.47-3.43,P=0.64),stroke(OR=1.34,95%CI:0.09-18.97,P=0.83),MI(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.11-2.31,P=0.39),VTE(OR=1.42,95%CI:0.22-9.03,P=0.71),pulmonary embolism(OR=1.38,95%CI:0.27-7.04,P=0.70),and mortality(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.20-2.38,P=0.56).Meanwhile,when only observational studies are considered,a significant reduction in the risk of developing arterial thrombotic events,Ml,venous thromboembolism,and mortality was *** risk for DVT remains uncertain,due to the paucity of RCT-based *** in men with TT<12 nmol I^(-1) is safe from the risk of adverse cardiovascular *** studies specifically assessing the risk of DVT in men on TRT are needed.

关键词： hypogonadism testosterone testosterone replacement therapy thromboembolism thrombosis TRT

Atherosclerosis originating from childhood:Specific features

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Journal of Biomedical Research 2024年第3期38卷 233-240页

作者： Anastasia V.Poznyak Alexey A.Yakovlev MikhailА.Popov Elena B.Zhigmitova Vasily N.Sukhorukov Alexander N.Orekhov institute for Atherosclerosis Research Moscow 121609Russia Federal Research and clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology Moscow 109240Russia department of Cardiac Surgery Moscow Regional Research and Clinical InstituteMoscow 129110Russia Laboratory of Angiopathology Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyMoscow 125315Russia

Atherosclerosis is extremely ***,it is considered a disease of older people,who most often experience problems with the heart and blood *** much attention from the scientific community has been paid to studying the association between aging and atherosclerosis,as well as its consequences,there is evidence that atherosclerosis occurs at an early *** may form both during intrauterine development and in *** plays an important role in childhood atherosclerosis,along with previous infectious diseases and excess weight of both the child and the *** the present review,we examined the development of atherosclerosis and the prerequisites in childhood.

关键词： atherosclerosis childhood pediatrics cardiovascular disease

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