Estrogen receptor modulators are compounds of interest because of their estrogenic agonistic/antagonistic effects and tissue specificity. These compounds have many clinical applications, particularly for breast cancer...
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Estrogen receptor modulators are compounds of interest because of their estrogenic agonistic/antagonistic effects and tissue specificity. These compounds have many clinical applications, particularly for breast cancer treatment and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, as well as for the treatment of climacteric symptoms. Similar to estrogens, neuroprotective effects of estrogen receptor modulators have been described in different models. However, the mechanisms of action of these compounds in the central nervous system have not been fully described. We conducted a systematic search to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor modulators in the central nervous system, focusing on the modulation of cytoskeletal proteins. We found that raloxifene, tamoxifen, and tibolone modulate some cytoskeletal proteins such as tau, microtuble-associated protein 1(MAP1), MAP2, neurofilament 38(NF38) by different mechanisms of action and at different levels: neuronal microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubule-associated proteins. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the study of these compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases since they present the benefits of estrogens without their side effects.
In recent years,the number of known disease genes has exponentially grown due to the widespread adoption of cost-effective massive parallel *** identify new disease variants,especially in monogenic disorders,a frequen...
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In recent years,the number of known disease genes has exponentially grown due to the widespread adoption of cost-effective massive parallel *** identify new disease variants,especially in monogenic disorders,a frequency-based filtering approach has proved very useful(Dopazo et al.,2016).
Many of the various factors,characteristics,and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug *** eating,based on pleasure rather than energy needs,modulates ...
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Many of the various factors,characteristics,and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug *** eating,based on pleasure rather than energy needs,modulates the same reward circuits,as do drugs of *** to the last report of the World Health Organization,the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980,reaching especially critical levels in children and young people,who are overexposed to high-fat,high-sugar,energy-dense *** the past few decades,there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and on the comorbidity that exists between the two ***,we review the most recent research on the subject,focusing especially on animal models of binge eating disorders and drug *** complex profile of patients with substance use and binge eating disorders requires an integrated response to dually diagnosed *** patterns should be considered an important variable in the treatment of substance use disorders,and future studies need to focus on specific treatments and interventions in individuals who show a special vulnerability to shift from one addiction to the other.
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