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Implications from translational cross-validation of clinical assessment tools for diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry

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World Journal of psychiatry 2021年第5期11卷 169-180页

作者： Katrin Aryutova Rositsa Paunova Sevdalina Kandilarova Anna Todeva-Radneva Drozdstoy Stoyanov Department of psychiatry and Medical Psychology Scientific Research InstituteMedical University of PlovdivPlovdiv 4002Bulgaria

Traditional therapeutic methods in psychiatry,such as psychopharmacology and psychotherapy help many people suffering from mental disorders,but in the long-term prove to be effective in a relatively small proportion of those ***,resistant forms of mental disorders such as schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder lead to persistent distress and dysfunction in personal,social,and professional *** an effort to address these problems,the translational approach in neuroscience has initiated the inclusion of novel or modified unconventional diagnostic and therapeutic techniques with promising *** instance,neuroimaging data sets from multiple modalities provide insight into the nature of pathophysiological mechanisms such as disruptions of connectivity,integration,and segregation of neural networks,focusing on the treatment of mental disorders through instrumental biomedical methods such as electro-convulsive therapy(ECT),transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)and deep brain stimulation(DBS).These methodologies have yielded promising results that have yet to be understood and improved to enhance the prognosis of the severe and persistent psychotic and affective *** current review is focused on the translational approach in the management of schizophrenia and mood disorders,as well as the adaptation of new transdisciplinary diagnostic tools such as neuroimaging with concurrently administered psychopathological questionnaires and integration of the results into the therapeutic framework using various advanced instrumental biomedical tools such as ECT,TMS,tDCS and DBS.

关键词： Translational neuroscience Evidence-based psychiatry Schizophrenia Affective disorders Psychopharmacology Electro-convulsive therapy Transcranial magnetic stimulation Transcranial direct current stimulation Deep brain stimulation

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Importance of communication in medical practice and medical education:An emphasis on empathy and attitudes and their possible influences

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World Journal of psychiatry 2022年第2期12卷 323-337页

作者： Dagmar Steinmair Katharina Zervos Guoruey Wong Henriette Löffler-Stastka Department of Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy Medical University of ViennaVienna 1090Austria Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems 3500Austria Department of Ophtalmology University Hospital St.PöltenSt.Pölten 3100Austria Department of Internal Medicine I KRH Klinikum Robert-Koch-GehrdenGehrden 30989Germany Faculty of Medicine University of MontréalMontréal 2900QuébecCanada

BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals need to be prepared to promote healthy lifestyles and care for *** focusing on what students should be able to perform one day as clinicians,we can bridge the gap between mere theoretical knowledge and its practical *** aspects in clinical medicine also have to be considered when speaking of personalized medicine and learning *** To determine sets of intellectual,personal,social,and emotional abilities that comprise core qualifications in medicine for performing well in anamnesis-taking,in order to identify training *** An analysis of training clinicians’conceptions with respect to optimal medical history taking was *** chosen study design also aimed to assess gender *** interviews with supervising clinicians were carried out in a descriptive study at the Medical University of *** were analyzed by conducting a qualitative computer-assisted content analysis of the *** category formation was *** main questions posed to the supervisors dealt with(1)Observed competencies of students in medical history taking;and(2)The supervisor’s own conceptions of"ideal medical history taking".RESULTS A total of 33 training clinicians(n=33),engaged in supervising medical students according to the MedUni Vienna’s curriculum standards,agreed to be enrolled in the study and met inclusion *** qualitative content analysis revealed the following themes relevant to taking an anamnesis:(1)Knowledge;(2)Soft skills(relationship-building abilities,trust,and attitude);(3)Methodical skills(structuring,precision,and completeness of information gathering);and(4)Environmental/contextual factors(language barrier,time pressure,interruptions).Overall,health care professionals consider empathy and attitude as critical features concerning the quality of medical history *** looking at physicians’theoretical conceptions,more general practitioners and ps

关键词： Medical history taking Attitude Empathy Training Physicians’view

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The 12th annual Basic and clinical psychiatry Conference of the Chinese Society of Neuroscience and psychiatry(CSNP): call for submissions

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上海精神医学 2015年第2期27卷 110-110页

作者： Conference Secretariat, The 12th Basic and clinic psychiatry Conference of CSNP Conference Secretariat The 12th Basic and Clinic Psychiatry Conference of CSNP

The 12th annual Basic and clinical psychiatry Conference of the Chinese Society of Neuroscience and psychiatry(CSNP)will take place at the International Hubin Hotel(5 Qingnian Road,180 Yingze Avenue,Yingze District,Taiyuan city,Shanxi Province,China)from June 25th to 27th *** welcome unpublished original reports on psychopathology,psychopharmacology,neurophysiology,

关键词：神经科学精神病中国临床基础社会太原市山西省

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Promoting recovery from severe mental illness: Implications from research on metacognition and metacognitive reflection and insight therapy

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World Journal of psychiatry 2018年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Paul Henry Lysaker Jay A Hamm Ilanit Hasson-Ohayon Michelle L Pattison Bethany L Leonhardt Department of psychiatry Roudebush VA Med Ctr and the Indiana University School of Medicine Department of psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Department of psychiatry Eskenazi Health Midtown Community Mental Health Eskenazi Health Midtown Community Mental Health Department of Psychology Hasson-Ohayon I Bar Ilan Univ Dept Psychol Department of Psychology University of Indianapolis College of Applied Behavioral Sciences

Research indicates that individuals with schizophrenia recover. Recovery, however means different things to different individuals and regardless of what kind of experiences define recovery, the individual diagnosed with the serious mental illness must feel ownership of their recovery. This raises the issue of how mental health services should systematically promote recovery. This paper explores the practical implications for research on metacognition in schizophrenia for this issue. First, we present the integrated model of metacognition, which defines metacognition as the spectrum of activities which allow individual to have available to themselves an integrated sense of self and others as they appraise and respond to the unique challenges they face. Second, we present research suggesting that many with schizophrenia experience deficits in metacognition and that those deficits compromise individuals' abilities to manage their lives and mental health challenges. Third, we discuss a form of psychotherapy inspired by this research, Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy which assists individuals to recapture the ability to form integrated ideas about themselves and others and so direct their own recovery. The need for recovery oriented interventions to focus on process and on patient's purposes, assess metacognition and consider the intersubjective contexts in which this occurres is discussed.

关键词： Schizophrenia Rehabilitation Self Psychosis Metacognition Recovery psychotherapy Social cognition

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人脑生长发育的群体常模

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Science Bulletin 2020年第22期65卷 1872-1873,M0003页

作者： Bharath Holla Jakob Seidlitz Richard A.I.Bethlehem Gunter Schumann Departments of psychiatry and Integrative Medicine National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences(NIMHANS)Bengaluru 5600029India Department of Child and Adolescent psychiatry and Behavioral Science Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Autism Research Centre Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB28AHUK Brain Mapping Unit Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB28AHUK Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine(PONS) SGDP CentreIoPPNKCLLondon SE58AFUK PONS-Centre Dept of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCampus Charite MitteHumboldt UniversityBerlin D 10117Germany PONS Centre Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence(ISTBI)Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Growth charts for gross anthropometric traits,such as height,weight,and head circumference,are cornerstones of pediatric care around the *** modelling approach is centered around measuring the relative deviations from normative trajectories rather than the absolute values of these phenotypes[1].To this end,it is imperative that normative models are not only robust in terms of the statistical framework on which they are built。

关键词： corners absolute ant

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Efficacy of Cognitive Remediation in Schizophrenia: A Short Review of Its Variable Effects According to Cognitive Domain

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Open Journal of psychiatry 2015年第2期5卷 170-176页

作者： Akihiko Katsumi Hiroshi Hoshino Satoshi Fujimoto Shin-Ichi Niwa Katsumi clinic Niigata Japan Department of Neuropsychiatry School of Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan Department of psychiatry Aizu Medical Center Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan

Cognitive impairment is a symptom of schizophrenia and strongly associated with impaired social function. In recent years, cognitive interventions (cognitive remediation therapies) have been implemented and their results have also been reported. Intervention studies have been conducted using a variety of methods that differ in terms of terminology, approach, and targeted cognitive domains. In this study, we examined trends in recent cognitive remediation research conducted subsequent to the meta-analyses of McGurk et al. (2007) and Wykes et al. (2011). We identified studies conducted between 2009 and 2013 to examine computer-assisted cognitive remediation and collated and analyzed the literature describing their major results and trends. Our results indicated improved cognitive performance subsequent to cognitive remediation therapy using computer programs. We found promising outcomes, particularly in reasoning and problem solving, verbal learning and memory, verbal working memory, and attention and vigilance, which replicated the findings of Wykes et al. (2011).

关键词： Schizophrenia Cognitive Deficit Cognitive Remediation Variance Cognitive Domain

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Shuganjieyu capsule increases neurotrophic factor expression in a rat model of depression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第5期9卷 489-497页

作者： Jinhua Fu Yingjin Zhang Renrong Wu Yingjun Zheng Xianghui Zhang Mei Yang Jingping Zhao Yong Liu Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan ProvinceCentral South University Department of psychiatry Brain Hospital of Hunan Province Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology Institute of Integrated Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine the Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Guangzhou Brain Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College

Shuganjieyu capsule has been approved for clinical treatment by the State Food and Drug Ad-ministration of China since 2008. In the clinic, Shuganjieyu capsule is often used to treat mild to moderate depression. In the rat model of depression established in this study, Shuganjieyu capsule was administered intragastrically daily before stress. Behavioral results conifrmed that depressive symptoms lessened after treatment with high-dose （150 mg/kg） Shuganjieyu capsule. Immunohistochemistry results showed that high-dose Shuganjieyu capsule signiifcantly increased phosphorylation levels of phosphorylation cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal CA3 area. Overall, our results suggest that in rats, Shuganjieyu capsule effec-tively reverses depressive-like behaviors by increasing expression levels of neurotrophic factors in the brain.

关键词： nerve regeneration Shuganjieyu capsule depression neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor phosphorylation cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding pro- tein chronic unpredictable mild stress NSFC grant neural regeneration

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Tamoxifen Treatment in Correlation with Increased ET-1 Levels Is Associated with the Development of Breast Cancer Metastases

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2018年第5期9卷 438-463页

作者： Melanie von Brandenstein Julia Straube Christina-Maria Geisbusch Luca Ozretic Yasemin Ural Verena Kirn Wolfram Malter Jochen W.U.Fries Department of Urology University Hospital of KoelnKoelnGermany Department of Molecular and Experimental Surgery University Hospital ErlangenErlangenGermany Department of Pediatric and Adolescent psychiatry Psychsomatic and Psychotherapy University Clinic RTWH AachenGermany Department of Cellular Pathology Royal Free HospitalLondonUK Department of Urology University Hospital of KoelnKoelnGermany Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital of KoelnKoelnGermany Department of Pathology University Hospital of KoelnKoelnGermany

Background: In breast cancer patients, a correlation between endothelin-1 (ET-1) and lymph node metastasis was found. While breast cancer with a positive ER status can be treated with Tamoxifen, several studies describe increasing Tamoxifen resistance in patients. We analyzed the relationship between Tamoxifen, ET-1 overexpression, and ER leading to Tamoxifen resistance. Methods: Breast cancer cell lines were treated with Tamoxifen, ET-1, estrogen and combinations. Using qRT-PCR, immune-precipitation, Western blot, EMSA and immunohistology target gene expression and ER complex partners were investigated. Human biopsies and mastectomy specimens were immunohistologically studied for Vimentin 3, and ERβ. Results: Breast cancer cells stimulated with a combination of Tamoxifen and ET-1 downregulate ERα, while upregulating intracellular ET-1, and ERβ. Immunoprecipation of nuclear extracts with ET-1, ERα or ERβ agarose conjugated antibodies reveals a complex formation change replacing ERα by ERβ once Tamoxifen forms a complex with ET-1. ERβand ET-1 migrate into the nucleus. ET-1 stimulation upregulates metastases promoting target genes (IL-6, Wnt11), including a novel one, Vimentin 3. Tissue analyses show Vim3 and ERβ expression in metastases of ERα positive breast cancer, and in ERα negative biopsies/mastectomy specimens. Conclusion: We are the first to describe a complex consisting of Tamoxifen, ERβ and ET-1, whose nuclear transmigration causes an overexpression of target genes. This mechanism may explain Tamoxifen resistance. Future pathologic analyses should include estrogen beta receptor status as well as the ET-1 expression. This concept presents a new treatment approach for individualized medicine in breast cancer patients with increased ET-1 levels.

关键词： Endothelin-1 Estrogen Estrogen Receptors Tamoxifen Vimentin3

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Individuals with hyperphagia can voluntarily fast: Experience from Prader-Willi Syndrome

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1551-1555页

作者： Fortu Benarroch Yehuda Pollak Maayan Wertman Harry J. Hirsch Larry Genstil Varda Gross-Tsur Herman Dana Division of Child and Adolescent psychiatry Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem Israel PWS Multidisciplinary clinic Neuropediatric Unit Shaare Zedek Medical Center Jerusalem Israel

Relentless pursuit of food is a major characteristic of Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). We observed voluntary fasting among PWS individuals during a religious fast. Understanding the mechanisms involved in successful fasting could be an important contribution in developing more effective treatment of this syndrome. We conducted a prospective study to assess whether genotype, motivational attitudes (e.g. religiosity) and control patterns (e.g. different eating habits) would correlate with ability to fast. Among all individuals with PWS in Israel, 32 met inclusion criteria. Prior to the fast, each participant and parents/caregivers were interviewed for demographic, medical and behavioral data and completed questionnaires assessing motivational and control factors. 22 participants completed the fast. This ability was not accounted for by religiosity, demographic, medical variables or genetic subtype. This prospective study documents that in spite of extreme hyperphagia, adolescents and adults with PWS can voluntarily abstain from food for 25 hours;our findings suggest that they are able to activate mechanisms which improve their control of eating for a longer period than expected. The observation that the degree of religiosity did not impact on the ability to fast suggests that these mechanisms may be applicable to a wider range of circumstances and populations. The ability for self-control under special circumstances deserves further study;it may be relevant to other types of severe obesity and possibly lead to improved methods of behavioral modification.

关键词： Prader-Willi Syndrome Fast Obesity Eating Control Motivation

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Therapeutic response in children with ADHD: role of observers and settings

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期16卷 314-321页

作者： Venkat Bhat Sarojini MSengupta Natalie Grizenko Ridha Joober Douglas Mental Health University Institute FBC Building6875 Boul.LaSalleVerdunQC H4H 1R3Canada Department of psychiatry University of TorontoTorontoCanada Department of psychiatry McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Human Genetics McGill UniversityMontrealCanada

Background This study aims at characterizing the extent of correlation of treatment response (TR) obtained in various observation settings (home,school,clinic) by different observers (parents,teachers,clinicians).Methods Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) underwent a 2-week double-blind,randomized,cross-over clinical trial with methylphenidate and placebo,and various measures were obtained during the 2 *** of TR were examined using Pearson's correlation *** The study included 526 children (420 male,106 female) with *** between different observers shows a variable correlation between parents and *** correlation is seen between parents/teacher evaluation of TR and laboratory-based measures (Continuous Performance Task;Restricted Academic Situation Scale).Conclusion The results firmly support the need to synthesize information from many sources in evaluating TR in ADHD.

关键词： ADHD Methylphenidate Parents Teachers Treatment response

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