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The Cold Tongue in the South China Sea during Boreal Winter and Its Interaction with the Atmosphere

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第2期27卷 265-273页

作者： Hamza VARIKODEN A. A. SAMAH C. A. BABU National Antarctic Research Centre University of Malaya IPS BuildingKuala Lumpur-50603 Malaysia climatology and hydrometeorology division Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology

A distinct cold tongue has recently been noticed in the South China Sea during the winter monsoon, with the cold tongue temperature minimum occurring in the January or February. This cold tongue shows significant links with the Maritime Continent＇s rainfall during the winter period. The cold tongue and its interaction with the Maritime Continent＇s weather were studied using Reynolds SST data, wind fields from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis dataset and the quikSCAT dataset. In addition, rainfall from the GOES Precipitation Index （GPI） for the periods 2000 to 2008 was also used. The propagation of the cold tongue towards the south is explained using wind dynamics and the western boundary current. During the period of strong cold tongue, the surface wind is strong and the western boundary current advects the cold tongue to the south. During the period of strong winds the zonal gradient of SST is high [0.5 °C （25 km）-1 ]. The cold tongue plays an important role in regulating the climate over the Maritime Continent. It creates a zonal/meridional SST gradient and this gradient ultimately leads in the formation of convection. Hence, two maximum precipitation zones are found in the Maritime Continent, with a zone of relatively lower precipitation between, which coincides with the cold tongue＇s regions. It was found that the precipitation zones have strong links with the intensity of the cold tongue. During stronger cold tongue periods the precipitation on either side of the cold tongue is considerably greater than during weaker cold tongue periods. The features of convection on the eastern and western sides of the cold tongue behave differently. On the eastern side convection is preceded by one day with SST gradient, while on the western side it is four days.

关键词： cold tongue SST gradient wind precipitation

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Modeling nonstationary extreme wave heights in present and future climates of Greek Seas

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Water Science and Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 21-32页

作者： Panagiota Galiatsatou Christina Anagnostopoulou Panayotis Prinos Hydraulics Laboratory Division of Hydraulics and Environmental Research Department of Civil Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Meteorology and climatology School of Geology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

In this study the generalized extreme value （GEV） distribution function was used to assess nonstationarity in annual maximum wave heights for selected locations in the Greek Seas, both in the present and future climates. The available significant wave height data were divided into groups corresponding to the present period （1951-2000）, a first future period （2001-2050）, and a second future period （2051-2100）. For each time period, the parameters of the GEV distribution were specified as functions of time-varying covariates and estimated using the conditional density network （CDN）. For each location and selected time period, a total number of 29 linear and nonlinear models were fitted to the wave data, for a given combination of covariates. The covariates used in the GEV-CDN models consisted of wind fields resulting from the Regional Climate Model version 3 （RegCM3） developed by the International Center for Theoretical Physics （ICTP） with a spatial resolution of 10 km ×10 km, after being processed using principal component analysis （PCA）. The results obtained from the best fitted models in the present and future periods for each location were compared, revealing different patterns of relationships between wind components and extreme wave height quantiles in different parts of the Greek Seas and different periods. The analysis demonstrates an increase of extreme wave heights in the first future period as compared with the present period, causing a significant threat to Greek coastal areas in the North Aegean Sea and the Ionian Sea.

关键词： Wave extremes Climate change Nonstationarity GEV-CDN Principal component analysis

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Sensor Calibration in Support for NOAA's Satellite Mission

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 80-90页

作者： Xiangqian WU Changyong CAO Sensor Physics Branch Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division Ofice of Research and Applications National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 5200 Auth Road Camp Springs MD 20746 USA

Sensor calibration, including its definition, purpose, traceability options, methodology, complexity, and importance, is examined in this paper in the context of supporting NOAA＇s satellite mission. Common understanding of sensor calibration is essential for the effective communication among sensor vendors, calibration scientists, satellite operators, program managers, and remote sensing data users, who must cooperate to ensure that a nation＇s strategic investment in a sophisticated operational environmental satellite system serves the nation＇s interest and enhances the human lives around the world. Examples of calibration activities at NOAA/NESDIS/ORA are selected to further illustrate these concepts and to demonstrate the lessons learned from the past experience.

关键词： calibration sensors instruments satellites operations remote sensing

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Seasonal variability in tropical and subtropical convective and stratiform precipitation of the East Asian monsoon

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第10期54卷 1595-1603页

作者： HU Liang LI YaoDong SONG Yang DENG DiFei National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Beijing Aviation Meteorological Institute Beijing 100085 China L M. Systems Group Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration Washington D C USA

Seasonal variations in tropical and subtropical convective and stratiform precipitation of the East Asian monsoon are analyzed using 10-year (1998-2007) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) rain products (2A25). Datasets from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) 24 general circulation models (GCMs) are evaluated using TRMM PR rain products in terms of their ability to simulate convective and stratiform precipitation and their deficiencies. The results show that Asian monsoon convective and stratiform precipitation increases significantly after onset of the summer monsoon, but the percentage of convective precipitation clearly decreases over tropical areas while it increases in subtropical regions. The GCMs simulate well the seasonal variation in the contribution of Asian monsoon subtropical convective precipitation to the total rainfall; however, the simulated convective precipitation amount is high while the simulated stratiform precipitation amount is low relative to TRMM measurements, especially over the Asian monsoon tropical region. There is simultaneous TRMM-observed convective and stratiform precipitation in space and time, but GCMs cannot simulate this relationship between convective and stratiform precipitation, resulting in the deficiency of stratiform precipitation simulations.

关键词： convective precipitation stratiform precipitation Asian monsoon seasonal variability

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Health Risk Impacts of Exposure to Airborne Metals and Benzo(a)Pyrene during Episodes of High PM10 Concentrations in Poland

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2018年第1期31卷 23-36页

作者： Kamila Widziewicz Wioletta Rogula-Koztowska Krzysztof Loska Karolina Kociszewska[ Grzegorz Majewski Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences Zabrze 41-819 Poland The Ma& School of Fire Service Faculty of Fire Safety Engineering Warsaw 01-629 Poland Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering Silesian University of Technology Gliwice 44-100 Poland division of Meteorology and climatology Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw 02- 776 Poland

Objective To check whether health risk impacts of exposure to airborne metals and Benzo（a） Pyrene during episodes of high PM10 concentrations lead to an increased number of lung cancer cases in Poland. Methods In this work, we gathered data from 2002 to 2014 concerning the ambient concentrations of PM10 and PM10-bound carcinogenic Benzo（a）pyrene [B（a）P] and As, Cd, Pb, and Ni. With the use of the criterion of the exceedance in the daily PM10 mass concentration on at least 50% of all the analyzed stations, the PM10 maxima’s were selected. Lung cancer occurrences in periods with and without the episodes were further compared. Results During a 12-year period, 348 large-scale smog episodes occurred in Poland. A total of 307 of these episodes occurred in the winter season, which is characterized by increased emissions from residential heating. The occurrence of episodes significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the concentrations of PM10-bound carcinogenic As, Cd, Pb, Ni, and B（a）P. During these events, a significant increase in the overall health risk from those PM10-related compounds was also observed. The highest probability of lung cancer occurrences was found in cities, and the smallest probability was found in the remaining areas outside the cities and agglomerations. Conclusion The link between PM pollution and cancer risk in Poland is a serious public health threat that needs further investigation.

关键词： Poland Episodes Smog PM10 Metals B(a)P Lung cancer Administrative distribution Monitoring stations

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Thinking on Standardization of Satellite Meteorology and Space Weather Monitoring Early Waming

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China Standardization 2011年第5期56卷 68-70页

作者： Sun Anlai Zhang Jiashen Le Guiming major of climatology in Department of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University Business Science and Technology division of National Satellite Meteorological Center Secretary-General of Technical Subcommittee for Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning

Introduction After 40 years of development, China＇s satellite meteorological service has made remarkable achievements. Fengyun satellites have realized the transformation from trial operation to full operational service and achieved a coordinated space-based earth obervation system with polar and geostationary meteorological satellites.

关键词：空间天气监测卫星气象标准化早期气象服务业务服务卫星协调试运行

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青藏高原及其下游地区降水厚度季、日变化的气候特征分析

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大气科学 2010年第2期34卷 387-398页

作者：胡亮杨松李耀东中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029 中国科学院研究生院北京100049 Satellite Meteorology and climatology division Center for Satellite Applications and ResearchNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationCamp Springs 北京航空气象研究所北京100085

利用10年的TRMM卫星降水雷达观测资料,首次对青藏高原及其下游平原及海洋地区降水厚度的地区差异进行了对比分析,并对青藏高原及其周边地区对流和层云降水厚度的水平分布及其日变化和季节变化进行了统计分析,结果表明:(1)青藏高原地区... 详细信息

利用10年的TRMM卫星降水雷达观测资料,首次对青藏高原及其下游平原及海洋地区降水厚度的地区差异进行了对比分析,并对青藏高原及其周边地区对流和层云降水厚度的水平分布及其日变化和季节变化进行了统计分析,结果表明:(1)青藏高原地区对流和层云降水厚度都要比下游平原地区更为浅薄,东部海洋地区对流降水厚度比平原地区小,而层云降水厚度与平原地区相当。青藏高原及其下游平原地区对流降水厚度的日变化特征非常明显,海洋地区对流降水厚度日夜差异则不大。层云降水厚度在各地区的日变化特征都不明显。青藏高原、下游平原及海洋地区对流和层云降水厚度的季节变化都非常明显,从冬至夏,对流和层云降水逐渐变得深厚,而从夏入冬,对流和层云降水则逐渐变得浅薄。(2)青藏高原及其周边地区对流和层云平均降水厚度的分布形式和降水量分布具有较好的对应关系,降水量大的地区其降水厚度一般较为深厚,降水少的地区则降水厚度比较浅薄。对流和层云降水厚度存在明显差异,对流降水一般要比层云降水深厚。青藏高原及其周边地区降水厚度水平分布的日夜差距不大,但季节变化非常明显,且与气候系统的季节变化紧密相关。

关键词：热带测雨卫星对流降水层云降水降水厚度日变化青藏高原

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东亚热带与副热带季风区对流降水和层云降水季节变化特征对比分析研究

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中国科学：地球科学 2011年第8期41卷 1182-1191页

作者：胡亮李耀东杨松邓涤菲中国气象局国家卫星气象中心北京100081 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029 北京航空气象研究所北京100085 I.M.Systems Group Satellite Meteorology and Climatology DivisionNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationWashington DCUSA

利用10年TRMM卫星2A25资料,对东亚热带和副热带季风区对流降水和层云降水的季节变化特征进行了对比分析,研究了热带和副热带季风区降水性质的差异,并结合IPCC第4次报告中24个模式的20c3m模拟资料,对现有模式在东亚热带和副热带季风区关... 详细信息

利用10年TRMM卫星2A25资料,对东亚热带和副热带季风区对流降水和层云降水的季节变化特征进行了对比分析,研究了热带和副热带季风区降水性质的差异,并结合IPCC第4次报告中24个模式的20c3m模拟资料,对现有模式在东亚热带和副热带季风区关于对流降水及层云降水的模拟能力做了一个简单的评估,分析了模式中可能存在的问题.结果表明:夏季风爆发后,东亚热带与副热带季风区对流降水和层云降水都明显增加,但热带季风区对流降水所占比重明显减少,而副热带季风区对流降水所占比重明显增加,热带和副热带季风区存在明显不同;现有模式对东亚季风区对流降水百分比的模拟普遍偏高,而对层云降水的模拟偏少,这在热带季风区尤其明显;模式较好地模拟出了副热带季风区中对流降水百分比的季节变化特征,而对热带季风区对流降水百分比的季节变化没有正确描述;研究结果表明对流降水和层云降水在时间和空间上经常同时出现,具有很强的伴随性,而模式没有正确描述这种相关性,这可能是模式对层云降水百分比模拟不好的一个重要原因.

关键词：热带季风副热带季风对流降水层云降水

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climatology, trend of aerosol-cloud parameters and their correlation over the Northern Indian Ocean

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 173-186页

作者： Harshbardhan Kumar Shani Tiwari Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad201002India Aerosol and Cloud Research Lab Geological Oceanography DivisionCSIR–National Institute of OceanographyGoa403004India

Aerosols are one of the important atmospheric constituents and exert indirect impact on climate through the modification of microphysical and radiative properties of clouds that in turn perturb the precipitation ***,the long term quantification of changes in aerosol and cloud characteristics and their interactions on both temporal as well as spatial scale will provide a crucial information for the better assessment of future climate *** present study,18 years(2003-2020)MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS)derived aerosol-cloud dataset over the Northern Indian Ocean(NIO)were analysed to assess climatology and trend of aerosol,cloud characteristics and their *** found a strong heterogeneity in spatio-temporal variation of aerosol and cloud parameters over the NIO that are more prominent for the coastal *** climatological mean of aerosol loading is found high(AOD≥0.5)over the outflow region along the Indian sub-continent and low(AOD≤0.2)over the northern equatorial open *** climatological mean of cloud properties shows dominance of optically thicker deep convective(CTP700 hPa and CTT>273 K)over the northwestern Arabian Sea(AS).Similarly,bigger effective radii(>17µm)observed along the equatorial open ocean whereas smaller CER(0.

关键词： Aerosol Cloud properties Northern Indian Ocean climatology Trend Correlation

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Meteorological/Climatological Footprints in Observations of Surface Ozone at the Cape Point Global Atmosphere Watch Station

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 120-120页

作者： Sylivester John Chaisamba Tanzania Meteorological Agency(TMA) Reserch and Applied Meteorology Division

Surface ozone is among the greenhouse gases which form a blanket that causes the heat trapping effect and warms the atmosphere with related consequences such as atmospheric temperature rise. The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal relationship between the meteorological conditions and the surface ozone *** this study surface ozone and meteorological measurements

关键词： surface ozone greenhouse gas boundary layer meteorology climatology

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