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The Role of the Halted Baroclinic Mode at the Central Equatorial Pacific in El Nifn Event

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 45-53页

作者：孙即霖 Peter CHU 刘秦玉 Physical oceanography laboratory and ocean-atmosphere Interaction and climate laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003 Department of oceanography Naval Postgraduate SchoolMontereyU.S.A.

The role of halted ＂baroclinic modes＂ in the central equatorial Pacific is analyzed. It is found that dominant anomaly signals corresponding to ＂baroclinic modes＂ occur in the upper layer of the equatorial Pacific, in a two-and-a-half layer oceanic model, in assimilated results of a simple OGCM and in the ADCP observation of TAO. A second ＂baroclinic mode＂ is halted in the central equatorial Pacific corresponding to a positive SST anomaly while the first ＂baroclinic mode＂ propagates eastwards in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The role of the halted second ＂baroclinic mode＂ in the central equatorial Pacific is explained by a staged ocean-atmosphere interaction mechanism in the formation of El Nifio： the westerly bursts in boreal winter over the western equatorial Pacific generate the halted second ＂baroclinic mode＂ in the central equatorial Pacific, leading to the increase of heat content and temperature in the upper layer of the central Pacific which induces the shift of convection from over the western equatorial Pacific to the central equatorial Pacific; another wider, westerly anomaly burst is induced over the western region of convection above the central equatorial Pacific and the westerly anomaly burst generates the first ＂baroclinic mode＂ propagating to the eastern equatorial Pacific, resulting in a warm event in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The mechanism presented in this paper reveals that the central equatorial Pacific is a key region in detecting the possibility of ENSO and, by analyzing TAO observation data of ocean currents and temperature in the central equatorial Pacific, in predicting the coming of an El Nino several months ahead.

关键词： halted baroclinic mode central equatorial Pacific staged atmosphere-ocean interaction mechanism El Nino

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A Tri-mode of Mock-Walker Cells

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 671-679页

作者： Han QIN Ji NIE Zhiyong MENG laboratory for climate and ocean-atmosphere studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China China Meteorological Administration Tornado Key laboratory Foshan 528061China

This work uses cloud-resolving simulations to study mock-Walker cells driven by a specified sea surface temperature(SST).The associated precipitation in the mock-Walker cells exhibits three different modes,including a single peak of precipitation over the SST maximum(mode 1),symmetric double peaks of precipitation straddling the SST maximum(mode 2),and a single peak of precipitation on one side of the SST maximum(mode 3).The three modes are caused by three distinct convective activity center migration *** indicate that the virtual effect of water vapor plays an important role in differentiating the three *** the SST gradient is large,the virtual effect may be strong enough to overcome the temperature effect,generating a low-level low-pressure anomaly below the ascending branch of the Walker cell off the *** results here highlight the importance of the virtual effect of water vapor and its interaction with convection and large-scale circulation in the Walker circulation.

关键词： Walker circulation cloud-resolving simulation virtual effect

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Historic and Future Perspectives of Storm and Cyclone

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第3期40卷 447-463页

作者： Gang FU Pengyuan LI Lijia CHEN Yongmao PENG Jing NI Department of Marine Meteorology Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Division of oceanic Dynamics and climate Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266000China

In weather sciences,the two specific terms“storm”and“cyclone”frequently appear in literature and usually refer to the violent nature of a number of weather systems characterized by central low pressure,strong winds,large precipitation amounts in the form of rain,freezing rain,or snow,as well as thunder and *** what is the connection between these two specific terms?In this paper,the historic evolutions of the terms“storm”and“cyclone”are reviewed from the perspective of weather *** earliest recorded storms in world history are also briefly ***,the origin of the term“meteorological bomb”,which is the nickname of the“explosive cyclone”is ***,the various definitions of explosive cyclones given by several researchers are ***,the climatological features of explosive cyclones,as well as the future trends of explosive cyclones under global climate change,are discussed.

关键词： weather sciences storm and cyclone the origin of explosive cyclone climatological features global climate change future trends

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What Determines the Amplitude of ENSO Events?

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Atmospheric and oceanic Science Letters 2013年第2期6卷 90-96页

作者： WANG Yu-Xing YANG Hai-Jun Tore FUREVIK Department of Atmospheric and oceanic Sciences & laboratory for climate and ocean-atmosphere studies (LaCOAS) School of Physics Peking University Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for climate Research University in Bergen

In this paper, the dynamic effect of oceanic upwelling on the intensity of E1 Nifio-Southern Oscilla tion （ENSO） is studied using a simple coupled model （Zebiak-Cane Model）. The term balance analysis in the temperature variability equation shows that the anomalous upwelling of the mean vertical temperature gradient and the mean advection of the anomalous meridional tem perature gradient are the two of most important factors that determine the intensity of ENSO events, in which the ＂vertical oceanic heat flux＂ in the eastern equatorial Pa cific （EEP） is the primary influencing factor. The lag cor relation between ＂vertical heat flux （VHF）＂ and ENSO intensity shows that the highest correlation occurs when the former leads the latter by one to two weeks. The VHF is positively correlated with the background thermocline strength in the EEP, and an increase of both could result in strong ENSO variability. Comparison of the forced and coupled experiments suggests that the coupled process can affect both the intensity and freauencv of ENSO.

关键词： ENSO amplitude vertical heat flux thermo-cline strength

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Variability of Tropical Cyclone in High Frequent Occurrence Regions over the Western North Pacific

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Journal of ocean University of China 2014年第3期13卷 347-355页

作者： YANG Yuxing HUANG Fei WANG Faming Institute of oceanology Chinese Academy of Science Department of Marine Meteorology Physical Oceanography Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate in Universities of Shandong Ocean University of China

In this study, three high frequent occurrence regions of tropical cyclones(TCs), i.e., the northern South China Sea(the region S), the south Philippine Sea(the region P) and the region east of Taiwan Island(the region E), are defined with frequency of TC's occurrence at each grid for a 45-year period(1965–2009), where the frequency of occurrence(FO) of TCs is triple the mean value of the whole western North Pacific. Over the region S, there are decreasing trends in the FO of TCs, the number of TCs' tracks going though this region and the number of TCs' genesis in this region. Over the region P, the FO and tracks demonstrate decadal variation with periods of 10–12 year, while over the region E, a significant 4–5 years' oscillation appears in both FO and tracks. It is demonstrated that the differences of TCs' variation in these three different regions are mainly caused by the variation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH) at different time scales. The westward shift of WPSH is responsible for the northwesterly anomaly over the region S which inhibits westward TC movement into the region S. On the decadal timescale, the WPSH stretches northwestward because of the anomalous anticyclone over the northwestern part of the region P, and steers more TCs reaching the region P in the greater FO years of the region P. The retreating of the WPSH on the interannual time scale is the main reason for the FO's oscillation over the region E.

关键词： high frequent occurrence regions frequency of tropical cyclone's occurrence western Pacific subtropical high

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Air-Sea Exchange of Volatile Organic Compounds: A New Model with Microlayer Effects

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Atmospheric and oceanic Science Letters 2013年第2期6卷 97-102页

作者： HE Cen-Lin FU Tzung-May College of Urban and Environmental Science Peking University Department of Atmospheric and oceanic Sciences & laboratory for climate and ocean-atmosphere studies School of Physics Peking University

The authors propose a new "three-layer" conceptual model for the air-sea exchange of organic gases, which includes a dynamic surface microlayer with photochemical and biological processes. A parameterization of this three-layer model is presented, which was used to calculate the air-sea fluxes of acetone over the Pacific ocean. The air-sea fluxes of acetone calculated by the three-layer model are in the same direction but possess half the magnitude of the fluxes calculated by the traditional two-layer model in the absence of photochemical and biological processes. However, photochemical and biological processes impacting acetone in the microlayer can greatly vary the calculated fluxes in the three-layer model, even reversing their direction under favorable conditions. Our model may help explain the discrepancies between measured and calculated acetone fluxes in previous studies. More measurements are needed to validate our conceptual model and provide constraints on the model parameters.

关键词： air-sea transfer organic gas two-layer model,microlayer surface renewal

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Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Front on Stratus-Sea Fog over the Yellow and East China Seas-A Case Study with Implications for Climatology

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Journal of ocean University of China 2013年第2期12卷 301-311页

作者： LI Man ZHANG Suping Key laboratory of Physical oceanography and Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Climate LaboratoryOcean University of China Institute of Desert Meteorology CMAUrumqi 830002P.R.China

A stratus-sea fog event that occurred over the Yellow and East China Seas on 3 June 2011 is investigated using observations and a numerical model, with a focus on the effects of background circulation and Sea Surface Temperature Front （SSTF） on the transition of stratus into sea fog. Southerly winds of a synoptic high-pressure circulation transport water vapor to the Yellow Sea, creating conditions favorable for sea fog/stratus formation. The subsidence from the high-pressure contributes to the temperature inversion at the top of the stratus. The SSTF forces a secondary circulation within the ABL （Atmospheric Boundary Layer）, the sinking branch of which on the cold flank of SSTF helps lower the stratus layer fiLrther to reach the sea surface. The cooling effect over the cold sea surface counteracts the adiabatic warming induced by subsidence. The secondary circulation becomes weak and the fog patches are shrtmk heavily with the smoothed SSTE A conceptual model is proposed for the transition of stratus into sea fog over the Yellow and East China Seas. Finally, the analyses suggest that sea fog frequency will probably decrease due to the weakened SSTF and the reduced subsidence of secondary circulation under global wanning.

关键词： stratus and sea fog subsidence sea surface temperature from the Yellow and East China Seas global warming

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Observational Evidence for Poleward Expansion of the Hadley Circulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第1期28卷 33-44页

作者：胡永云周晨刘骥平 Department of Atmospheric and oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking University laboratory for climate and ocean-atmosphere studies Peking University State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics

How the Hadley circulation changes in response to global climate change and how its change impacts upon regional and global climates has generated a lot of interest in the literature in the past few years. In this paper, consistent and statistically significant poleward expansion of the Hadley circulation in the past few decades is demonstrated, using independent observational datasets as proxy measures of the Hadley circulation. Both observational outgoing longwave radiation and precipitation datasets show an annual average total poleward expansion of the Hadley cells of about 3.6° latitude. Sea level pressure from observational and reanalysis datasets show smaller magnitudes of poleward expansion, of about 1.2° latitude. Ensemble general circulation model simulations forced by observed time-varying sea surface temperatures were found to generate a total poleward expansion of about 1.23°latitude. Possible mechanisms behind the changes in the horizontal extent of the Hadley circulation are discussed.

关键词： Hadley circulation outgoing longwave radiation precipitation sea level pressure climate change

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Impacts of the Two Types of El Ni?o on Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity

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Journal of ocean University of China 2015年第2期14卷 191-198页

作者： XU Shibin HUANG Fei Physical oceanography laboratory & Key laboratory of ocean-atmosphere Interaction and climate in Universities of Shandong Ocean University of China International Pacific Research Center School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology University of Hawaii at Manoa Ningbo Collabrative Innovation Center of Nonlinear Harzard System of ocean and atmosphere Ningbo University

It is well known that Tropical cyclone （TC） activities over the Pacific are affected by E1 Nino events. In most studies El Nifio phenomena have been separated into east Pacific warming （EPW） and central Pacific wanning （CPW） based on the location of maximum SST anomaly. Since these two kinds of El Nino have different impacts on Pacific tropical cyclone activities, this study investigates different features of TC activities and the genesis potential index （GPI） during EPW years and CPW years. Four eontrib- nting factors, i.e., the low-level absolute vorticity, the relative humidity, the potential intensity and the vertical wind shear, are exam- ined to determine which factors are most important in causing the anomalous TC activities. Our results show that during EPW years in July-August （JA-0）, TC activities are more frequent with stronger intensity over the Western North Pacific （WNP） and Eastern North Pacific （ENP）. The maximum anomaly center of TC activities then drifts eastward siguifieantly in September-October （SO-0）. However, centers of anomalous TC activity barely change from JA-0 to SO-0 during CPW years. In January-February-March （JFM-1） of the decaying years of warming events, TC frequency and intensity both have positive anomaly over the South Pacific, The anoma- lies in EPW years have larger amplitude and wider spatial distribution than those in CPW years. These anomalous activities of TC are associated with GPI anomaly and the key factors affecting GPI anomaly for each ocean basin are quite different.

关键词： tropical cyclone eastern pacific warming central pacific wanning GPI

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STUDY ON THE MAIN climate MODES OF SHANDONG PRECIPITATION AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE EAST ASIAN WESTERLY JET

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2012年第1期18卷 72-80页

作者：于群吴炜周发琇王启刘彦 laboratory of ocean-atmosphere Interaction and climate(OAC) Ocean University of China Shandong Meteorological Information Center Shandong Meteorological Observatory Shandong Meteorological Service Center

Summer precipitation patterns of Shandong Province are relatively independent with regard to the whole eastern China *** study the rules and causes of precipitation variations,three main climate modes-on the annual,seasonal,and climatic intra-seasonal oscillation(CISO) scales-are extracted using a harmonic analysis method based on daily precipitation of Shandong during 1965-2009 and multi-year averaged pentad precipitation at 722 stations in China during *** the three precipitation climate modes,the annual mode is closely related to the annual cycle of Earth-atmosphere thermal system,which is characterized by the periodic dry and wet *** seasonal mode reflects the monsoon effect on precipitation and the main flood season's contribution to annual precipitation *** an important climatic signal,the CISO mode is more evident during summer *** gradual modulations of the CISO mode,seasonal mode,and annual mode control the annual variation of *** study the relationship between precipitation climate modes and atmospheric circulations,an East Asian Westerly Jet Index(EAWJI) is defined in this *** is revealed that precipitation of Shandong is closely related to EAWJI in all climate modes.A wet or dry phase of each climate mode corresponds to a specific atmospheric circulation *** phase of the annual mode is reverse to that of *** the wet phase of the seasonal mode(weak phase of EAWJI),the atmospheric circulation in and around Shandong is characterized by upper-level divergence and low-level convergence.A reversed atmospheric circulation exists for the dry phase(strong phase for EAWJI).In the summer wet phase of CISO mode(strong phase of EAWJI),Shandong is controlled by upper-level divergence and low-level ***,the dry phase is corresponding to a reversed circulation *** methodology employed in this research,*** the precipitation climatic variations in terms of indepe

关键词： precipitation of Shandong climate mode East Asian westerly jet

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