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Preclinical and clinical evidence of the association of colibactinproducing Escherichia coli with anxiety and depression in colon cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第21期30卷 2817-2826页

作者： Fabien Rondepierre Maëva Meynier Johan Gagniere Vincent Deneuvy Anissa Deneuvy Gwenaelle Roche Elodie Baudu Bruno Pereira Richard Bonnet Nicolas Barnich Frédéric Antonio Carvalho Denis Pezet Mathilde Bonnet Isabelle Jalenques Service de Psychiatrie de l’Adulte A et Psychologie Médicale CHU Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand 63000France M2iSH UMR 1071INSERMUniversity of Clermont AuvergneINRAE USC 1382Clermont-Ferrand 63001France NeuroDol UMR 1107INSERMUniversity of Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand 63001France Department of Digestive Surgery CHU de Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand 63001France Biostatistics Unit Department of Clinical Research and InnovationCHU Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand 63000France Department of Bacteriology CHU de Clermont-FerrandClermont-Ferrand 63001France universitéclermont Auvergne INPCNRSClermont Auvergne Institut PascalClermont-Ferrand 63000France

BACKGROUND The association between the intestinal microbiota and psychiatric disorders is becoming increasingly apparent.The gut microbiota contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis(CRC),as demonstrated with colibactin-producing Escherichia coli(CoPEC).AIM To evaluate the association between CoPEC prevalence and anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors with both preclinical and clinical approaches.METHODS Patients followed after a CRC surgery and for whom the prevalence of CoPEC has been investigated underwent a psychiatric interview.Results were compared according to the CoPEC colonization.In parallel C57BL6/J wild type mice and mice with a CRC susceptibility were chronically infected with a CoPEC strain.Their behavior was assessed using the Elevated Plus Maze test,the Forced Swimming Test and the Behavior recognition system PhenoTyper®.RESULTS In a limited cohort,all patients with CoPEC colonization presented with psychiatric disorders several years before cancer diagnosis,whereas only one patient(17%)without CoPEC did.This result was confirmed in C57BL6/J wildtype mice and in a CRC susceptibility mouse model(adenomatous polyposis colimultiple intestinal neoplasia/+).Mice exhibited a significant increase in anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors after chronic infection with a CoPEC strain.CONCLUSION This finding provides the first evidence that CoPEC infection can induce microbiota-gut-brain axis disturbances in addition to its procarcinogenic properties.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colibactin Escherichia coli Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli Inflammation Anxiety Depression Behavior

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Production of Artificial Fog in the PAVIN Fog and Rain Platform: In Search of Big Droplets Fog

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 42-61页

作者： Pierre Duthon Mickaël Ferreira Fernandes Sébastien Liandrat Cerema Reasearch Team STI 8-10 Rue Bernard Palissy Clermont-Ferrand France

In fog, visibility is reduced. This reduction in visibility is measured by the meteorological optical range (MOR), which is important for studying human perception and various sensors in foggy conditions. The Cerema PAVIN Fog & Rain platform is capable of producing calibrated fog in order to better analyses it and understand its consequences. The problem is that the droplets produced by the platform are not large enough to resemble real fog. This can have a major impact on measurements since the interaction between electromagnetic waves and fog depends on the wavelength and diameter of the droplets. To remedy this, Cerema is building a new platform with new equipment capable of generating fog. This study analyses different nozzles and associated usage parameters such as the type of water used and the pressure used. The aim is to select the best nozzle with the associated parameters for producing large-diameter droplets and therefore more realistic fog.

关键词： Fog Physical Simulation Droplets Size Distribution Meteorological Optical Range

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Evaluation of Human Impacts on Bartlett Pond Ecosystem, Laredo, Southern Texas, USA, through Empirical Modeling

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 497-526页

作者： Maya P. Bhatt Amede Rubio Ganesh B. Malla Cristobal Lopez Virginia Morales Erick Vazquez Cano David Marquez Orlando Berumen Alvarez Alfred Addo-Mensah Department of Biology and Chemistry Texas A&M International University Laredo USA Department of Mathematics Computer Geology and Physics University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Batavia USA

The trace elements chemistry of Bartlett Pond, a small shallow wetland pond in Laredo, Southern Texas, was sampled to evaluate the dynamics of trace elements impacts on water quality and ecosystems ecology of the pond. Two types of fish (bass and tilapia) were also sampled to see the trace element accumulation in different parts of their body. The concentrations of trace elements in water samples were found in the following order: Fe ≫Sb > Pb > As ≫Co > Tl > Cr > Cd within Bartlett Pond. Overall, the water quality of the pond is unacceptable for drinking and any other purposes as trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Fe, Sb and Tl) are exceedingly higher (several fold) than the WHO and US EPA guidelines. Predictive and correlation analysis shows that most trace elements exhibit a strong positive correlation among them indicating the same anthropogenic sources and biogeochemical processes regulate these trace elements within the pond. Distributions of the trace elements in water exhibit different shapes mostly as positively skewed distribution for As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Tl, symmetrical distribution for Fe and almost symmetrical distribution for Pb and Sb. Concentrations of As, Co and Tl accumulated much higher in different parts of the Bass than Tilapia fish. The concentrations of As, Tl, Co, and Sb appeared significantly higher in different parts of the body of both Bass and Tilapia than the maximum SRM certified values. Accumulation of these contaminants in fish tissues pose increased health risks to humans who consume these contaminated fish although fishing is prohibited. Anthropogenic activities in the region primarily degrade the whole pond ecosystem ecology of the Bartlett Pond and waters of this pond to be not recommended for any use. These findings may be useful for the scientific community and concerned authorities to improve understanding about these precious natural resources and conservation of the ecosystem ecology.

关键词： Trace Elements Bartlett Pond Laredo Southern Texas Wetlands Ecosystem Ecology

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NGD Analysis of Defected Ground and SIW-Matched Structure

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第2期32卷 343-352页

作者： GU Taochen WAN Fayu GE Junxiang Lalléchère Sébastien Rahajandraibe Wenceslas Ravelo Blaise Nanjing university of Information Science & Technology (NUIST) université clermont Auvergne (UCA) CNRS SIGMA Clermont Aix-Marseille university CNRS University of Toulon

A bandpass negative group delay(NGD)passive circuit based on defect ground structure(DGS)and substrate integrated waveguide(SIW)-matched is developed in the paper. The NGD DGS topology is originally built with notched cells associated with self-matched substrate waveguide elements. The DGS design method is introduced as a function of the geometrical notched and SIW via elements. Then, parametric analyses based on full wave 3-D electromagnetic S-parameter simulations were considered to investigate the influence of DGS physical size effects. The design method feasibility study is validated with fully distributed microstrip circuit prototype. Significant bandpass NGD function performances were validated with 3-D simulations and measurements with-1.69 ns negative group delay value around 2 GHz center frequency over 33.7 MHz NGD bandwidth. Insertion loss is 4.37 d B, and reflection loss reaches 41.5 d B.

关键词： Defected ground structure (DGS) Microwave circuit design method Bandpass negative group delay (BP NGD) function Experimentation Microstrip circuit Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)

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Prospective study comparing hepatic steatosis assessment by magnetic resonance imaging and four ultrasound methods in 105 successive patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第22期29卷 3548-3560页

作者： Remi Collin Benoit Magnin Constance Gaillard Carine Nicolas Armand Abergel Benjamin Buchard Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Dupuytren University HospitalLimoges 87000France Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Clermont-Ferrand University HospitalClermont-Ferrand 63000France Department of Radiology Clermont-Ferrand University HospitalClermont-Ferrand 63000France

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a major health problem,resulting in hepatic,metabolic and cardio-vascular morbidity.AIM To evaluate new ultrasonographic tools to detect and measure hepatic steatosis.METHODS We prospectively included 105 patients referred to our liver unit for NAFLD suspicion or follow-up.They underwent ultrasonographic measurement of liver sound speed estimation(SSE)and attenuation coefficient(AC)using Aixplorer MACH 30(Supersonic Imagine,France),continuous controlled attenuation parameter(cCAP)using Fibroscan(Echosens,France)and standard liver ultrasound with hepato-renal index(HRI)calculation.Hepatic steatosis was then classified according to magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction(PDFF).Receiver operating curve(ROC)analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of steatosis.RESULTS Most patients were overweight or obese(90%)and had metabolic syndrome(70%).One third suffered from diabetes.Steatosis was identified in 85 patients(81%)according to PDFF.Twenty-one patients(20%)had advanced liver disease.SSE,AC,cCAP and HRI correlated with PDFF,with respective Spearman correlation coefficient of-0.39,0.42,0.54 and 0.59(P<0.01).Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)for detection of steatosis with HRI was 0.91(0.83-0.99),with the best cut-off value being 1.3(Se=83%,Sp=98%).The optimal cCAP threshold of 275 dB/m,corresponding to the recent EASL-suggested threshold,had a sensitivity of 72%and a specificity of 80%.Corresponding AUROC was 0.79(0.66-0.92).The diagnostic accuracy of cCAP was more reliable when standard deviation was<15 dB/m with an AUC of 0.91(0.83-0.98).An AC threshold of 0.42 dB/cm/MHz had an AUROC was 0.82(0.70-0.93).SSE performed moderately with an AUROC of 0.73(0.62-0.84).CONCLUSION Among all ultrasonographic tools evaluated in this study,including new-generation tools such as cCAP and SSE,HRI had the best performance.It is also the simplest and most available method as most ultrasound

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Ultrasonography Steatosis assessment Magnetic resonance imaging Controlled attenuation parameter

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Partition Functions for Diatomic Molecules in Plasmas out of Thermal Equilibrium

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Plasma Science and Technology 2012年第3期14卷 192-200页

作者： Graldine FAURE clermont universit Universit Blaise PascalLAEPTBP 10448F-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance

Two calculation methods on the partition functions for diatomic molecules in plas- mas out of thermal equilibrium are reported. A Boltzmann distribution for the electronic, vi- brational and rotational quantum levels is assumed in the two calculation methods. The results obtained by two methods are displayed for four sorts of diatomic molecules, 02, N2, OH and NO, that are present in humid air plasmas. The calculation method of density for the electronically excited states is developed. Finally, a method to calculate the partition functions for simulating the non-normalized diatomic spectra is discussed.

关键词： partition function Boltzmann distribution diatomic molecule

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Involvement of toll-like receptor 5 in mouse model of colonic hypersensitivity induced by neonatal maternal separation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第29期28卷 3903-3916页

作者： Geoffroy Mallaret Amandine Lashermes Mathieu Meleine Ludivine Boudieu Julie Barbier Youssef Aissouni Agathe Gelot Benoit Chassaing Andrew T Gewirtz Denis Ardid Frederic Antonio Carvalho Department of Pharmacology UMR 1107 NeuroDolUniversity of Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand 63000France Department of Microbiology UniversitéParis-SaclayNational Research Institute for AgricultureFood and the EnvironmentAgroParisTechMicalis InstituteJouy-en-Josas 78350France Team“Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases” INSERM U1016CNRS UMR 8104UniversitéParis CitéParis 75014France Center for Inflammation Institute for Biomedical SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA30033United States Department of Pharmacology INSERM 1107 NeuroDOL/University of Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand 63000France

BACKGROUND Chronic abdominal pain is the most common cause for gastroenterology consultation and is frequently associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. These disorders present similar brain/gut/microbiota trialogue alterations, associated with abnormal intestinal permeability, intestinal dysbiosis and colonic hypersensitivity(CHS). Intestinal dysbiosis can alter colon homeostasis leading to abnormal activation of the innate immunity that promotes CHS, perhaps involving the toll-like receptors(TLRs), which play a central role in innate immunity.AIM To understand the mechanisms between early life event paradigm on intestinal permeability, fecal microbiota composition and CHS development in mice with TLRs expression in colonocytes.METHODS Maternal separation model(NMS) CHS model, which mimics deleterious events in childhood that can induce a wide range of chronic disorders during adulthood were used. Colonic sensitivity of NMS mice was evaluated by colorectal distension(CRD) coupled with intracolonic pressure variation(IPV) measurement. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing from weaning to CRD periods. TLR mRNA expression was evaluated in colonocytes.Additionally, the effect of acute intrarectal instillation of the TLR5 agonist flagellin(FliC) on CHS in adult naive wildtype mice was analyzed.RESULTS Around 50% of NMS mice exhibited increased intestinal permeability and CHS associated with intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by a significant decrease of species richness, an alteration of the core fecal microbiota and a specific increased relative abundance of flagellated bacteria. Only TLR5mRNA expression was increased in colonocytes of NMS mice with CHS. Acute intrarectal instillation of FliC induced transient increase of IPV, reflecting transient CHS appearance.CONCLUSION Altogether, these data suggest a pathophysiological continuum between intestinal dysbiosis and CHS, with a role for TLR5.

关键词： Chronic abdominal pain Colonic hypersensitivity Toll-like receptors Intestinal microbiota Early life events

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Stem cell therapy in retinal diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1478-1485页

作者： Audrey Voisin Amaury Pénaguin Afsaneh Gaillard Nicolas Leveziel Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques Universitéde PoitiersINSERM 1084PoitiersFrance Department of Ophthalmology CHU PoitiersPoitiersFrance Laboratoires Thea Clermont-FerrandFrance

Alteration of the outer retina leads to various diseases such as age-related macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa characterized by decreased visual acuity and ultimately blindness.Despite intensive research in the field of retinal disorders,there is currently no curative treatment.Several therapeutic approaches such as cell-based replacement and gene therapies are currently in development.In the context of cell-based therapies,different cell sources such as embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells,or multipotent stem cells can be used for transplantation.In the vast majority of human clinical trials,retinal pigment epithelial cells and photoreceptors are the cell types considered for replacement cell therapies.In this review,we summarize the progress made in stem cell therapies ranging from the pre-clinical studies to clinical trials for retinal disease.

关键词： age-related macular degeneration cell transplantation clinical trial retinal disease retinal dystrophy stem cell

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Application of wave equation theory to improve dynamic cone penetration test for shallow soil characterisation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第1期14卷 289-302页

作者： Miguel Angel Benz Navarrete Pierre Breul Roland Gourvès Sol Solution Géotechnique Réseaux ZA des Portes de Riom Nord23 Avenue Georges GershwinRiom Cedex63204France universitéclermont Auvergne Institut PascalUMR CNRS 6602Clermont-Ferrand63000France Polytech clermont-Ferrand Campus des Cézeaux 2 Avenue Blaise PascalAubière Cedex63178France

Among the geotechnical in situ tests,the dynamic penetration test(DPT)is commonly used around the world.However,DPT remains a rough technique and provides only one failure parameter:blow count or cone resistance.This paper presents an improvement of the dynamic cone penetration test(DCPT)for soil characterisation based on the wave equation theory.Implemented on an instrumented lightweight dynamic penetrometer driving with variable energy,the main process of the test involves the separation and reconstruction of the waves propagating in the rods after each blow and provides a dynamic cone load-penetration(DCLT)curve.An analytical methodology is used to analyse this curve and to estimate additional strength and deformation parameters of the soil:dynamic and pseudo-static cone resistances,deformation modulus and wave velocity.Tests carried out in the laboratory on different specimens(wood,concrete,sand and clay)in an experimental sand pit and in the field demonstrated that the resulting DCLT curve is reproducible,sensitive and reliable to the test conditions(rod length,driving energy,etc.)as well as to the soil properties(nature,density,etc.).Obtained results also showed that the method based on shock polar analysis makes it possible to evaluate mechanical impedance and wave velocity of soils,as demonstrated by the comparisons with cone penetration test(CPT)and shear wave velocity measurements made in the field.This technique improves the method and interpretation of DPT and provides reliable data for shallow foundation design.

关键词： In situ test Dynamic cone penetrometer P.A.N.D.A. Wave equation Wave decoupling Dynamic cone load-penetration(DCLT)curve

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Microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection and/or prognosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第22期24卷 2327-2347页

作者： Romain Villéger Amélie Lopès Julie Veziant Johan Gagnière Nicolas Barnich Elisabeth Billard Delphine Boucher Mathilde Bonnet université clermont Auvergne Research Biologics Sanofi R&D Chirurgie digestive Centre Hospitalier Universitaire université clermont Auvergne Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbialbased test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, andthe potential use of microbial variation markers for noninvasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.

关键词： Colorectal cancer microbiota F.nucleatum Colibactin-producing E.coli prognostic markers diagnostic markers dysbiosis

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