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Amorphous electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第2期34卷 362-375页

作者： Fenghui Guo Dongle Cheng Qian Chen Hao Liu Zhiliang Wu Ning Han Bing-Jie Ni Zhijie Chen School of Materials Science and Technology China University of Geosciences Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney College of Safety and environmental engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity Shandong University of Science and Technology Discipline of Chemical engineering Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Department of Materials engineering School of civil and environmental engineering The University of New South Wales

Electrochemical urea oxidation reaction(UOR) is a promising alternative to oxygen evolution reaction(OER) for realizing energy-saving hydrogen production. Developing efficient electrocatalysts for UOR becomes a central challenge. Recently, amorphous materials have been extensively used as UOR catalysts because of their numerous defective sites and flexible electronic properties. In this review, recent advancements in the development of amorphous UOR electrocatalysts are analyzed. The UOR mechanism is discussed, and the design of amorphous catalysts is then analyzed. The main catalyst design strategies are illustrated, including nanostructure control,heteroatom doping, composition regulation, and heterostructure construction. Also, electrocatalysts' structureperformance correlation is interpreted. Perspectives in this field are proposed for guiding future studies on the development of high-performance amorphous catalysts towards energy sustainability.

关键词： Catalyst design Hydrogen energy Heterostructures Heteroatom doping Component regulation

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Biological perspectives in geotechnics:Application and monitoring

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2854-2878页

作者： Partha Narayan Mishra Surabhi Jain Thierry Bore Ilhan Chang Yeong-Man Kwon Yijie Wang Hirak Ranjan Dash Ashutosh Kumar Satyam Tiwari Ningjun Jiang Sarat Kumar Das Alexander Scheuermann Department of civil engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur208016India School of civil engineering University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia Department of civil engineering Indian Institute of Technology DhanbadDhanbad826004India Department of civil System engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon-si16499Republic of Korea School of engineering and IT University of New South WalesCanberraACT2600Australia Department of civil and environmental engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina National Forensic Sciences University New Delhi110085India Southeast University Nanjing211189China

This paper builds on exploring the applications of biomediated pathways to solve geotechnical ***,the state of the art of biological remediation strategies including microbial remediation and phytoremediation have been introduced and critically reviewed in the context of decontaminating the ***,biopolymerisation,biomineralisation and bioneutralisation processes have been depicted with a special emphasis on the applications including but not limited to soil stabilisation,soil erosion prevention,anti-desertification and pH *** of these methods have their own limitations and bottlenecks while scaling up,and these challenges have been summarised and some possible paths to overcome the challenges have also been *** state of the art of electromagnetic(EM)monitoring methods to capture the effects of biomediation on spatio-temporal soil properties are then highlighted as a non-invasive and rapid pathway to track the progress of biomediated soil ***,each of the technologies discussed have been evaluated for their maturity level using the principles of technology readiness level(TRL).A majority of the technologies amounting to around 77%are still in the TRL 4e7,*** the valley of *** is thus evident that development of these technologies needs to be supported with appropriate funding for improving their maturity to a level of industrial deployment.

关键词： Biogeotechnics Bioremediation Phytoremediation Biopolymers Biomineralisation Electromagnetic(EM)methods technology readiness level(TRL)

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Envisioning Water-Resilient Cities Through the Lens of Blue-Green-Grey Solutions

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engineering 2024年第5期36卷 1-2页

作者： Nan-Qi Ren Glen Daigger School of civil and environmental engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Department of civil and environmental engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Cities are dynamic systems,and the urban water systems within them can be evolved to provide water services to both humans and the environment while also enhancing the broader urban *** is done by embracing innovation and technological advancement while focusing on increased service to the human population and the local and broader *** the contemporary era,characterized by the rise of low-carbon and intelligent technologies,the swift pace of socioeconomic expansion highlights the critical need to address issues of urban water security and environmental *** escalating resource and environmental constraints,adopting holistic blue-green-grey strategies becomes imperative for the sustainable governance of urban water *** integrated approach is needed to navigate the intricate challenges of urban water dynamics while fostering enhanced ecological performance and resilience.

关键词： services urban advancement

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In situ infrared, Raman and X-ray spectroscopy for the mechanistic understanding of hydrogen evolution reaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 632-651,I0014页

作者： Andi Haryanto Kyounghoon Jung Chan Woo Lee Dong-Wan Kim Department of Chemistry Kookmin UniversitySeoul 02707Republic of Korea School of civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

Hydrogen production by water reduction reactions has received considerable attention because hydrogen is considered a clean-energy carrier,key for a sustainable energy *** methods have been widely used to study the reaction mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),but the calculation results need to be supported by experimental results and direct evidence to confirm the mechanistic *** this review,we discuss the fundamental principles of the in situ spectroscopic strategy and a theoretical model for a mechanistic understanding of the *** addition,we investigate recent studies by in situ Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),Raman spectroscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) and cover new findings that occur at the catalyst-electrolyte interface during *** spectroscopic strategies provide practical ways to elucidate catalyst phase,reaction intermediate,catalyst-electrolyte interface,intermediate binding energy,metal valency state,and coordination environment during HER.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction Infrared spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy X-ray absorption spectroscopy Reaction mechanism

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Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第1期16卷 41-55页

作者： Ghasem Shams Patrice Rivard Omid Moradian civil engineering and Building engineering Department Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada Department of Earth Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)ZurichSwitzerland Department of civil and environmental engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity *** the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very *** study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile *** image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian *** presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian *** contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile *** monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct *** to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture *** results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

关键词： Rock-mortar Rock-concrete Moment tensor inversion(MTI) Acoustic emission(AE) Digital image correlation(DIC) Tensile strength Direct tensile test Brazilian test

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Effects of retained dry material on the impact,overflow and landing dynamics

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3629-3640页

作者： Jun Fang Yifei Cui Haiming Liu State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

During long-term operation,the performance of obstacles would be changed due to the material accumulating upslope the ***,the effects of retained material on impact,overflow and landing dynamics of granular flow have not yet been *** address this gap,physical flume tests and discrete element simulations are conducted considering a range of normalized deposition height h0/H from 0 to 1,where h0 and H represent the deposition height and obstacle height,*** analytical model is modified to evaluate the flow velocity and flow depth after interacting with the retained materials,which further serve to calculate the peak impact force on the ***,the computed impact forces successfully predict the experimental results when a≥25°.In addition,the results indicate that a higher h0/H leads to a lower dynamic impact force,a greater landing distance L,and a larger landing coefficient Cr,where Cr is the ratio of slope-parallel component of landing velocity to flow velocity just before *** to the existing overflow model,the measured landing distance L is underestimated by up to 30%,and therefore it is insufficient for obstacle design when there is retained ***,the recommended Cr in current design practice is found to be nonconservative for estimating the landing velocity of geophysical *** study provides insightful scientific basis for designing obstacles with deposition.

关键词： Granular flow Obstacle deposition Impact Overflow Landing

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An adaptive machine learning-based optimization method in the aerodynamic analysis of a finite wing under various cruise conditions

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第1期14卷 27-34页

作者： Zilan Zhang Yu Ao Shaofan Li Grace X.Gu Department of Mechanical engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA Department of engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of civil and environmental engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA

Conventional wing aerodynamic optimization processes can be time-consuming and imprecise due to the complexity of versatile flight *** of existing literature has considered two-dimensional infinite airfoil optimization,while three-dimensional finite wing optimizations are subject to limited study because of high computational *** we create an adaptive optimization methodology built upon digitized wing shape deformation and deep learning algorithms,which enable the rapid formulation of finite wing designs for specific aerodynamic performance demands under different cruise *** methodology unfolds in three stages:radial basis function interpolated wing generation,collection of inputs from computational fluid dynamics simulations,and deep neural network that constructs the surrogate model for the optimal wing *** has been demonstrated that the proposed methodology can significantly reduce the computational cost of numerical *** also has the potential to optimize various aerial vehicles undergoing different mission environments,loading conditions,and safety requirements.

关键词： Aerodynamic optimization Computational fluid dynamics Radial basis function Finite wing Deep learning neural network

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Theoretical investigation on axial cyclic performance of monopile in sands using interface constitutive models

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2645-2662页

作者： Pan Zhou Jingpei Li Kaoshan Dai Stefan Vogt Seyedmohsen Miraei Department of Geotechnical engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of civil Geo and Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of MunichFranz-Langinger-Str.10München81245Germany Department of civil engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Cyclic loads generated by environmental factors,such as winds,waves,and trains,will likely lead to performance degradation in pile foundations,resulting in issues like permanent displacement accumulation and bearing capacity *** paper presents a semi-analytical solution for predicting the axial cyclic behavior of piles in *** solution relies on two enhanced nonlinear load-transfer models considering stress-strain hysteresis and cyclic degradation in the pile-soil *** parameters are calibrated through cyclic shear tests of the sand-steel interface and laboratory geotechnical testing of sands.A novel aspect involves the meticulous formulation of the shaft loadtransfer function using an interface constitutive model,which inherently inherits the interface model’s advantages,such as capturing hysteresis,hardening,degradation,and particle *** semi-analytical solution is computed numerically using the matrix displacement method,and the calculated values are validated through model tests performed on non-displacement and displacement piles in *** results demonstrate that the predicted values show excellent agreement with the measured values for both the static and cyclic responses of piles in *** displacement pile response,including factors such as bearing capacity,mobilized shaft resistance,and convergence rate of permanent settlement,exhibit improvements compared to non-displacement piles attributed to the soil squeezing *** methodology presents an innovative analytical framework,allowing for integrating cyclic interface models into the theoretical investigation of pile responses.

关键词： Piles Cyclic degradation Load-transfer models Interface constitutive model Semi-analytical solution Model tests

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Assessing Multidimensional Vulnerability of Rural Areas to Flooding:An Index‑Based Approach

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 88-106页

作者： Samavia Rasool Irfan Ahmad Rana Hassam Bin Waseem Department of Urban and Regional Planning School of Civil and Environmental Engineering(SCEE)National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Vulnerability assessment is essential for understanding and launching effective flood risk reduction *** study aimed to examine the vulnerability of flood-prone rural communities in southern Punjab,Pakistan to external *** concept of vulnerability encompasses a range of dimensions,including physical,social,institutional,environmental,economic,and *** a composite index method,indices were developed for each dimension and combined to create a multidimensional measure of vulnerability.A sample of 365 communities was selected using the Yamane sampling technique,and data were collected through a questionnaire containing 65 indicators across all *** statistics and ANOVA tests were used to analyze the *** results show that communities near the Chenab River had higher attitudinal and institutional vulnerability compared to other *** attitudinal vulnerabilities were as sociated with poorly perceived flood risks and low preparedness measures,whereas institutional vulnerabilities were driven by conventional flood protection strategies,lack of institutional trust,and lack of flood risk *** research provides insights into the various components of vulnerability in flood-prone rural communities in Pakistan and demonstrates a useful methodology that can be applied to other disasters at different spatial scales.

关键词： Chenab River Flood hazard Indus River Pakistan-Rural areas:Vulnerability to flooding

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Deciphering the controlling factors for phase transitions in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 151-163页

作者： Tao Du Shanwu Li Sudheer Ganisetti Mathieu Bauchy Yuanzheng Yue Morten M.Smedskjaer Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Department of Mechanical engineering-engineering Mechanics Michigan Technological University Physics of Amo Rphous and Inorganic Solids Laboratory(PARISlab) Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks（ZIFs） feature complex phase transitions, including polymorphism,melting, vitrification, and polyamorphism. Experimentally probing their structural evolution during transitions involving amorphous phases is a significant challenge, especially at the medium-range length scale. To overcome this challenge, here we first train a deep learning-based force field to identify the structural characteristics of both crystalline and non-crystalline ZIF phases. This allows us to reproduce the structural evolution trend during the melting of crystals and formation of ZIF glasses at various length scales with an accuracy comparable to that of ab initio molecular dynamics, yet at a much lower computational cost. Based on this approach, we propose a new structural descriptor, namely, the ring orientation index, to capture the propensity for crystallization of ZIF-4(Zn（Im）2, Im = C3H3N2-) glasses, as well as for the formation of ZIF-zni(Zn（Im）2) out of the high-density amorphous phase. This crystal formation process is a result of the reorientation of imidazole rings by sacrificing the order of the structure around the zinc-centered tetrahedra. The outcomes of this work are useful for studying phase transitions in other metal-organic frameworks（MOFs） and may thus guide the development of MOF glasses.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks phase transitions melting glass formation transferable deep learning force field ring orientation

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