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Prediction of the viscosity of natural gas at high temperature and high pressure using free-volume theory and entropy scaling

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3210-3222页

作者： Wei Xiong Lie-Hui Zhang Yu-Long Zhao Qiu-Yun Hu Ye Tian Xiao He Rui-Han Zhang Tao Zhang National Key Laboratory of oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China Engineering Technology Research Institute Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengduSichuan610031China petrochina southwest oil&gasfield company ChengduSichuan610051China

Eighteen models based on two equations of state(EoS),three viscosity models,and four mixing rules were constructed to predict the viscosities of natural gases at high temperature and high pressure(HTHP)*** pure substances,the parameters of free volume(FV)and entropy scaling(ES)models were found to scale with molecular weight,which indicates that the ordered behavior of parameters of Peng-Robinson(PR)and Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory(PC-SAFT)propagates to the behavior of parameters of viscosity *** the viscosities of natural gases showed that the FV and ES models respectively combined with MIX4 and MIX2 mixing rules produced the best ***,the FV models were more accurate for predicting the viscosities of natural gases than ES models at HTHP conditions,while the ES models were superior to PRFT *** average absolute relative deviations of the best accurate three models,i.e.,PC-SAFT-FV-MIX4,tPR-FVMIX4,and PC-SAFT-ES-MIX2,were 5.66%,6.27%,and 6.50%,respectively,which was available for industrial *** with the existing industrial models(corresponding states theory and LBC),the proposed three models were more accurate for modeling the viscosity of natural gas,including gas condensate.

关键词： Viscosity Friction theory Free volume theory Entropy scaling PC-SAFT Equation of state

A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 130-145页

作者： GU Yifan ZHOU Lu JIANG Yuqiang JIANG Chan LUO Mingsheng ZHU Xun School of Geosciences & Technology Southwest Petroleum University Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company Shunan Division of petrochina southwest oil&gas field company Exploration and Development Institute of southwest oil&gas field company PetroChina

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can s

关键词： hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies geochemical characteristics Precambrian Dengying Formation central Sichuan Basin

CO_(2)geological sequestration potential of the low-rank coals in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第3期17卷 727-738页

作者： Qun ZHAO Ze DENG Meng ZHAO Dexun LIU Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China petrochina southwest oil&gasfield company Chengdu 610051China

Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is considered one of the most effective measures to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050,and low-rank coal reservoirs are commonly recognized as potential CO_(2)storage sites for carbon *** evaluate the geological CO_(2)sequestration potential of the low-rank coal reservoirs in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin,multiple experiments were performed on coal samples from that area,including high-pressure mercury porosimetry,low-temperature N2 adsorption,overburden porosity and permeability measurements,and high-pressure CH4 and CO_(2)isothermal adsorption *** with the geological properties of the potential reservoir,including coal seam development and hydrodynamic characteristics,the areas between Santun River and Sigong River in the Junggar Basin were found to be suitable for CO_(2)***,the coal-bearing strata from Santun River to Sigong River can be defined as“potentially favorable areas for CO_(2)eequetfraiion”To better guide the future field test of CO_(2)storage in these areas,three CO_(2)sequestration modes were defined:1)the broad syncline and faulted anticline mode;2)the monoclinic mode;3)the syncline and strike-slip fault mode.

关键词： CO_(2)geological sequestration coalbed methane low-rank coal coal reservoir Junggar Basin

Basin-Scale Sand Deposition in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin, southwest China: Sedimentary Framework and Conceptual Model

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第1期24卷 89-103页

作者：谭秀成夏青松陈景山李凌刘宏罗冰夏吉文杨家静 State Key Laboratory of oil and gas Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University School of Resource and Environment Southwest Petroleum University Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Branch of Shunan gas field PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company

The Upper Triassic Xujiahe （须家河） Formation in the Sichuan （四川） Basin, southwest China is distinctive for the basin-scale sand deposition. This relatively rare sedimentary phenomenon has not been well interpreted. Here we addressed this issue by discussing sedimentary framework and conceptual model. Analysis of sedimentary setting implied that the basin received transgression during the deposition. It had multiple provenance supplies and river networks, as being surrounded by old- lands in multiple directions including the north, east and south. Thus, the basin was generally charac-terized by coastal and widely open and shallow lacustrine deposition during the Late Triassic Xujiahe period. This is similar to the modern well-known Poyang （鄱阳） Lake. Therefore, we investigated the framework and conceptual model of the Sichuan Basin during the Xujiahe period with an analogue to the Poyang Lake. Results show that the conceptual model of the deposition can be divided into transgressive and regressive stages. The first, third and fifth mem- bers of the formation are in transgressive stage and the deposits are dominated by shore and shallow lacustrine mud. In contrast, the deposition is mainly of braided river channel sand deposits during the regressive stage, mainly including the second, fourth and sixth members of the formation. The sand deposited in almost the entire basin because of the lateral migration and forward moving of the cross networks of the braided rivers. The multiple alternations of short and rapid transgression and relatively long regression are beneficial to the basin-scale sand deposition. Thus, the main channel of the braided river and its extensional areas are favorable for the development of hydrocarbon reservoir. This provides practical significance to the reservoir evaluation and exploration. In addition, the results also justify the relatively distinctive sedimentary phenomenon in the study area and may also have im- plications for understanding the

关键词： basin-scale sand deposition coastal and widely open lake sedimentary framework sedimentary conceptual model channel of braided river Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation Sichuan Basin.

gas accumulation conditions and key technologies for exploration & development of Sinian and Cambrian gas reservoirs in Anyue gasfield

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Petroleum Research 2018年第3期3卷 221-238页

作者： Yueming Yang Yu Yang Guang Yang Jiarong Song LongWen Chuanguang Deng Maolong Xia Qi Ran Guobin Duan Bing Luo Bing Xie petrochina southwest oil&gas field company Sichuan610051China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan610051China Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanySichuan610051China chongqing Shale gas Exploration and Development Co. Ltd.Chongqing400023China

Exploration of the Sinian-Lower Paleozoic formations in the Sichuan Basin starts from the 1950s,and is tortuous and *** summarize the exploration experiences is of great significance of reference for exploration of oil and gas in deep carbonate rocks of the Sichuan *** accumulation in the Anyue oversize gasfield is chiefly controlled by the Deyang-Anyue intra-platform rift and central Sichuan *** intra-platform rift controls the scale hydrocarbon generation center and effective hydrocarbon *** Anyue gasfield is characterized by near-source hydrocarbon *** marginal zone of intra-platform rift and high part of the paleouplift control the scale distribution of favorable facies belts of reservoir development,and overlapped by paleokarstic reformation,the reservoirs are widely *** intra-platform rift and paleouplift jointly control formation of the scale traps and hydrocarbon *** reservoir features and major controlling factors for hydrocarbon accumulation have some differences in the main play strata,such as Longwangmiao Formation,and Member 4 and Member 2 of Dengying *** gas reservoir in the Longwangmiao Formation is a lithologic gas reservoir under the tectonic setting,and the inherited paleouplift is a key for reservoir formation and hydrocarbon *** gas reservoir in the Member 4 of Dengying Formation is mainly controlled by large structural-stratigraphic composite traps,and the gas reservoir in the Member 2 of Dengying Formation is the structural *** of the large gasfields in the Dengying Formation is controlled by the intra-platform rift,near-source hydrocarbon-reservoir configuration controlled by the ancient erosion plane and stratigraphic sealing in the updip *** exploration and development of the Anyue gasfield,four series of technologies are developed,namely,reservoir seismic fine description technology,well logging fine evaluation technology of gas

关键词： Anyue gasfield Dengying Formation Longwangmiao Formation gas reservoir feature Enrichment regularity Exploration and development technology

The sensitivity of the array resistivity log to mud filtrate invasion and its primary five-parameter inversion for improved oil water recognition

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Petroleum Science 2012年第3期9卷 295-302页

作者： Deng Shaogui Sun Qingtao Li Hu Huo Ningning He Xuquan School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)Shandong 266555China petrochina southwest oil&gasfield company Sichuan 610051China

In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inversion is carried out based on the array resistivity log. The mud invasion process is numerically simulated based on the oil-water flow equation and water convection diffusion equation. The results show that the radial resistivity of a fresh mud-invaded oil-bearing layer presents complex distribution characteristics, such as nonlinear increase, increasing to decreasing and low resistivity annulus, and the resistive invasion profile of a water layer is monotonic. Under specific conditions, array resistivity log can reflect these changes and the array induction log is more sensitive. Nevertheless, due to the effect of factors like large invasion depth, reservoir physical and oil-bearing properties, the measured apparent resistivity may differ greatly from the actual mud filtrate invasion profile in an oil-bearing layer. We proposed a five-parameter formation model to simulate the complex resistivity distribution of fresh mud-invaded formation. Then, based on the principle of non-linear least squares, the measured array resistivity log is used for inversion with the Marquardt method. It is demonstrated that the inverted resistivity is typically non-monotonic in oil-bearing layers and is monotonic in water layers. Processing of some field data shows that this is helpful in achieving efficient reservoir fluid recognition.

关键词： oil-water recognition mud filtrate invasion array resistivity log five-parameter inversion model

Paleoenvironment of marine-continental transitional shales in the lower Permian Shanxi formation,southeastern Ordos Basin,China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 221-233页

作者： Jia Tan Yuqiang Jiang Xingtao Li Chunhai Ji Yifan Gu Zhanlei Wang School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China The Unconventional Reservoir Evaluation Department PetroChina Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas ResourcesChengdu610500China Project Department of Tight oil and gas Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610056China petrochina Coalbed Methane company Beijing100028China Shale gas Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield CompanyChengdu610051China

The paleoenvironment of shales can be reconstructed to some extent using the combinations or concentrations of elements that correlate strongly with environmental *** this study,we analyzed rare earth elements(REEs),major elements,and trace elements in the marine-continental transitional shales(transitional shales for short)of the Shan 2^(3)submember of the Shanxi Formation in the southeastern Ordos *** purpose is to deduce the paleoenvironmental conditions of the shales,encompassing paleoredox,paleoclimate,paleoproductivity,and *** Shan 2^(3)submember comprises four sections,namely Shan 2^(3)-1,Shan 2^(3)-2,Shan 2^(3)-3,and Shan 2^(3)-*** Ba/Al,P/Al,and Cu/Al ratios,along with biogenic barium(Babio),indicate that the paleoproductivity of the submember peaked during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition and exhibited a downtrend upward in other *** in the Uau and the Ni/Co,V/Cr,U/Th,and V/Sc ratios suggest that suboxic conditions prevailed during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition,with the oxidation level gradually increasing from Shan 2^(3)-1 to Shan 2^(3)-4.C-value and the Sr/Cu ***/Rb cross-plot indicate a warm and arid paleoclimate during the Shan 2^(3)-1 deposition,which transitioned to cooler,drier conditions during the deposition of other *** sensitive to paleoclimate,such as the K/Rb and Th/U ratios,along with the ICV,PIA,and Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA),highlight elevated weathering from Shan 2^(3)-2 to Shan 2^(3)-4,with Shan 2^(3)-1 exhibiting the weakest weathering during its *** suggested by the REE data,the Zr/Sc ***/Sr cross-plot,provenance discriminant functions,and the cross-plots of Hf ***/Th,Th ***-Co,and∑REE ***/Yb,the sedimentary provenance for the transitional shales of the Shan 2^(3)submember is of multiple origins,with significant contributions from the Upper Continental Crust(UCC).Discriminant diagrams,including those of Th-Co-Zr/10,Th-Sc-Zr/10,La-Th-Sc,and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O

关键词： Transitional shale Paleoenvironment Elemental geochemistry Upper Permian Shan 2^(3)submember Ordos basin

A Well Productivity Model for Multi-Layered Marine and Continental Transitional Reservoirs with Complex Fracture Networks

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第6期20卷 1313-1330页

作者： Huiyan Zhao Xuezhong Chen Zhijian Hu Man Chen Bo Xiong Jianying Yang Sichuan Changning Natural gas Development company Limited PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyYibin644399China Sichuan Shale gas Exploration and Development company Limited PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyNeijiang641100China New Energy Division PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengdu610051China

Using the typical characteristics of multi-layered marine and continental transitional gas reservoirs as a basis,a model is developed to predict the related well production *** model relies on the fractal theory of tortuous capillary bundles and can take into account multiple gas flow mechanisms at the micrometer and nanometer scales,as well as the flow characteristics in different types of thin layers(tight sandstone gas,shale gas,and coalbed gas).Moreover,a source-sink function concept and a pressure drop superposition principle are utilized to introduce a coupled flow model in the reservoir.A semi-analytical solution for the production rate is obtained using a matrix iteration method.A specific well is selected for fitting dynamic production data,and the calculation results show that the tight sandstone has the highest gas production per unit thickness compared with the other types of ***,desorption and diffusion of coalbed gas and shale gas can significantly contribute to gas production,and the daily production of these two gases decreases rapidly with decreasing reservoir ***,the gas production from fractures exhibits an approximately U-shaped distribution,indicating the need to optimize the spacing between clusters during hydraulic fracturing to reduce the area of overlapping fracture *** coal matrix water saturation significantly affects the coalbed gas production,with higher water saturation leading to lower production.

关键词： Marine-continental transitional reservoir multi-layered reservoir seepage mechanisms apparent permeability hydraulic horizontal well productivity model

Characterizing the maturity of highly evolved organic matter based on aromatic hydrocarbons and optimization with pyrobitumen reflectance and Raman spectral parameters

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第12期65卷 2335-2357页

作者： Zhaoxi ZUO Jian CAO Wenxuan HU Chunhua SHI Xiaolin WANG Suping YAO Bing LUO State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China chongqing gas field of petrochina southwest oil and gas field company Chongqing 401120China

Maturity evaluation of highly evolved organic matter is an important problem in oil and gas geochemistry,because conventional organic geochemical proxies are not applicable due to hydrocarbon generation and *** this study,we investigated the pyrobitumen in the reservoirs of the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin,*** focused on aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers,and the calibration and application of aromatic maturity proxies using pyrobitumen reflectance and Raman spectral *** results show that only the thiophene compounds are effective maturity indicators,such as MDR(4-/1-MDBT),MDR′(4-MDBT/(1-MDBT+4-MDBT)),MDR1(1-MDBT/DBT),4,6-/(1,4+1,6)-DMDBT,(2,6+3,6)-/(1,4+1,6)-DMDBT,and[2,1]BNT/([2,1]BNT+[1,2]BNT),as these are largely independent of the optical anisotropy of *** condensation and incorporation of thiophene compounds can lead to an increase in the reflectance of pyrobitumen,which means the thiophene compound parameters are positively or negatively correlated with pyrobitumen *** potential maturity parameters were proposed,including DMDBTs/MDBTs,TeMDBTs/(DBT+MDBTs+DMDBTs+TMDBTs+TeMDBTs),1-MDBT/MDBTs,and[2,1]BNT/*** method and these parameters are universally applicable to maturity characterization,especially in rocks that lack vitrinite,contain strongly anisotropic organic matter,and have high contents of thiophene compounds.

关键词： Maturity characterization of high-evolution organic matter Reservoir pyrobitumen Optical texture Dengying Formation Sichuan Basin

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