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Field Evaluation of Alternative Testing Strategies for the Detection of HIV Infection in Beijing

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期20卷 265-268页

作者： FA-XIN HEI YAN JIANG WEI-DONG SUN QI-YUN ZHANG QIN ZHANG JING-RONG YE HAI-LIN LIU HONG-YAN LU AND XIONG HE Division of std/aids prevention Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100013 China National Center for aids/std Control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

To identify a cost-efficient altemative antibody testing strategy for screening and confirmation of HIV infection by rapid simple tests （RSTs） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays （ELISAs）. Methods Four RSTs （RST1, RST2, RST3, and RST4 ） and five ELISAs （ELISA1, ELISA2, ELISA3, ELISA4, and ELISA5） were evaluated in two phases by using banked and serum specimens prospectively collected at regional hospitals and voluntary counseling and testing （VCT） centers in Beijing. A total of 200 banked serum specimens were included in the first phase, including 62 HIV-positive, 127 HIV-negative and 11 indeterminate specimens. All specimens were tested by four RSTs and five ELISAs respectively. The second phase involved prospective testing of 389 routine specimens, including 92 HIV-positive, 287 HIV-negative, and 10 indeterminate specimens. All the specimens were tested by two RSTs （RST2 and RST4） and three ELISAs （ELISA1, ELISA3, and ELISA4）, which were selected for their respective excellent sensitivity and/or specificity. Westem blot （WB） was used as a gold standard for confirming the reactivity of all the specimens. Results Sensitivity, specificity, and efficacy were calculated for each assay in two phases. In the first phase, four assays （ELISA4, RST2, RST3, and RST4） had a specificity of 100%. For the determination of efficacy, ELISA4, RST2, and RST4 were selected in the second phase. ELISA1 and ELISA3 which have a sensitivity of 95.9% and 93.2% respectively also entered this phase. In the second phase, all the five assays （ELISA1, ELISA3, ELISA4, RST2, and RST4） had a sensitivity and specifity of over 90%. ELISA1 had a sensitivity of 99% and ELISA4 a specificity of 99%. Conclusion The sensitivity ELISA1 and the specificit of ELISA4 are comparable to ELISA/WB standard strategy. Application of this alternative testing strategy provides a cost-effective method for determining HIV prevalence in Beijing.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus type-l Altemative testing strategy Rapid simple test Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay

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An overview of the history of epidemic of and response to HIV/aids in China： achievements and challenges

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chinese Medical Journal 2009年第19期122卷 2251-2257页

作者： CUI Yan Adrian Liau WU Zun-you National Centre for aids/std Control and prevention Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

Since the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （aids） in China was identified and reported in 1985, the country has experienced dramatic changes in the course of its human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）/aids epidemic along1 with the government＇s response to it in the past 24 years. As the severity of the epidemic grew, so too has the government＇s reaction to it.

关键词： China HIV/aids achievements challenges

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Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Five SARS-CoV-2 Variants and T Lymphocyte Change after Vaccine Breakthrough Infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant in Tianjin, China: A Prospective Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第7期36卷 614-624页

作者： ZHANG Ying QU Jiang Wen ZHENG Min Na DING Ya Xing CHEN Wei YE Shao Dong LI Xiao Yan LI Yan Kun LIU Ying ZHU Di JIN Can Rui WANG LIN YANG Jin Ye ZHAI Yu WANG Er Qiang MENG Xing Tianjin Center for Disease Control and prevention Tianjin 300011China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology of Infectious Disease Tianjin 300011China National Center for aids/std Control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Sinovac Biotech Ltd Beijing 100085China

Objective To investigate whether Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could create a strong immunity *** Blood samples were collected at two different time points from 124 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infected patients and 124 controls matched for age,gender,and vaccination *** virus-neutralizing antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 variants,including WT,Gamma,Beta,Delta,and Omicron BA.1,and T-lymphocyte lymphocyte counts in both groups were measured and statistically *** The neutralizing antibody titers against five different variants of SARS-CoV-2 were significantly increased in the vaccinated population infected with the Omicron BA.1 variant at 3 months after infection,but mainly increased the antibody level against the WT strain,and the antibody against the Omicron strain was the *** neutralizing antibody level decreased rapidly 6 months after *** T-lymphocyte cell counts of patients with mild and moderate disease recovered at 3 months and completely returned to the normal state at 6 *** Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection mainly evoked humoral immune memory in the original strain after vaccination and hardly produced neutralizing antibodies specific to Omicron *** antibodies against the different strains declined rapidly and showed features similar to those of ***,T-lymphocytes may play an important role in recovery.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Omicron BA.1 T cells Neutralizing antibodies

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A new pattern-based method for identifying recent HIV-1 infections from the viral env sequence

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2012年第4期55卷 328-335页

作者： YANG Jing XIA XiaYu HE Xiang YANG SenLin RUAN YuHua ZHAO QuanBi WANG ZhiXin SHAO YiMing PAN XianMing Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

The long asymptomatic stage of HIV infection poses a great challenge in identifying recent HIV infections. This is a bottleneck for monitoring HIV epidemic trends and evaluating the effectiveness of national aids control programs. Several serological methods were used to address this issue with some success. Because of high false-positive rates in patients with advanced infection or in ART treatment, UNaids still hesitates to recommend their use in routine surveillance. We developed a new pattern-based method for measuring intra-patient viral genetic diversity for determination of recent infections and estimation of population incidence. This method is verified by using several datasets (424 subtype B and 77 CRF07_BC samples) with clearly identified HIV-1 infection times. Pattern-based diversities of recent infections are significantly lower than that of chronic ones. With larger window periods varying from 200 to 350 days, a higher accuracy (90% 95%) not affected by advanced disease nor ART treatment could be obtained. The pattern-based genetic method is supplementary to the existing serology-based assays, both of which could be suitable for use in low and high epidemic regions, respectively.

关键词： determination of HIV recent infections estimation of population incidence viral genetic diversity pattern-based distance

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Synthetic Characteristics Associated with HIV Diagnosis through Voluntary HIV Testing among HIV-positive People with Non-marital and Non-commercial Heterosexual Transmission in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期32卷 459-464页

作者： YU Qiu Yan YU Shi Cheng XU Peng YANG Juan LI Xiao Yu LU Fan National Center for std/aids prevention and Control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Office of Epidemiology Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Department of Cadre Health Care Beijing Jishuitan Hospital The Fourth Medical College of Peking University Beijing 100035 China

The Joint United Nations program on HIV/aids reported that 53% of new infections globally in 2017 were beyond key populations and their sexual *** this report, although only 16% in Asia and the Pacific were people living with HIV (PLHIV) who did not report any HIV-risk behaviors (mainly including injective drug use, men who have sex with men, sexual workers, and their dients), increasing diag no sed cases who reported their own transmission as non-marital and non-commercial heterosexual con tact (non-M&C sex, defi ned as those heterosexuals who have unpaid sex with any other sexual partners whom they have never married) in China have indicated that the HIV epidemic is spreading to the general population by the bridge of key populations.

关键词： Synthetic Characteristics HIV

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HIV prevalence and influencing factors analysis of sentinel surveillance among men who have sex with men in China, 2003-2011

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chinese Medical Journal 2012年第11期125卷 1857-1861页

作者： WANG Lan WANG Lu Jessie L.Norris LI Dong-min GUO Wei DING Zheng-wei WANG Ning National Center for aids/std Control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Background Men who have sex with men （MSM） have been impacted by HIV and now as an important driver of the HIV/aids epidemic in China. This study collected HIV sentinel surveillance system data on the MSM population to describe the characteristics and trends of the HIV epidemic among MSM in China from 2003 to 2011. Methods Data on HIV prevalence and risk behaviors from 2003 to 2011 were obtained from the national HIV sentinel surveillance database. Results MSM sentinel surveillance data for 2011 showed that proportions of MSM who consistently used condoms during anal sex in the last six months and at last anal sex encounter were 43.3% and 74.1%, respectively. Between 2005 and 2011 there were no significant changes in the proportion of consistent condom use. The proportion of MSM who had multiple male sex partners in the last six months increased. Overall HIV prevalence over the years showed a rising trend from 0.9% in 2003 to 6.3% in 2011. The syphilis antibody positive rate was 7.8% in 2011. In addition, the proportion of MSM in heterosexual marriages was rising, aids awareness was also increasing, and the proportion of MSM who had taken an HIV test in the last year and was aware of the results rose. The proportion who had received intervention services in the last year stabilized. Conclusions HIV prevalence in MSM populations is rapidly and widely distributed. MSM who are in heterosexual marriages may be a bridge group transmitting HIV to their heterosexual partners. The risky sexual behavior among MSM will remain a serious and important driver of China＇s aids epidemic over the next period of time. Intervention need to be strengthened, as does the effective implementation of measures to control aids and prevent it from spreading further.

关键词： MSM HIV prevalence epidemic, risk sexual behaviors

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Implementing Routine HIV Screening in Hospitals:An Effective Practice to Expand HIV Testing—Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province,China,2019–2020

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China CDC weekly 2023年第13期5卷 283-286页

作者： Yidan Wang Yanling Ma Qiyu Zhu Wenyue Xu Haolan Sun Dongmin Li Cong Jin National Center for aids/std Control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Yunnan Center for Disease Control and prevention Kunming CityYunnan ProvinceChina Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and prevention Xishuangbanna PrefectureYunnan ProvinceChina School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia

Summary What is already known about this topic?Research evidence is insufficient to suggest whether routine human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)screening in healthcare settings is effective in promoting greater awareness of HIV-positive *** is added by this report?This study found that,following the implementation of routine HIV screening in hospitals in Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province,there was a significant increase in the number of HIV screenings,positive results,and the positive rate of HIV screening in primary-level *** are the implications for public health practice?Routine hospital-based HIV screening is effective in identifying HIV infections in areas with concentrated epidemics.

关键词： routine Prefecture identifying

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Improving China＇s antiretroviral treatment program： assessing current and future performance using the principals of ethics

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chinese Medical Journal 2009年第11期122卷 1346-1351页

作者： YIN Wen-yuan ZHANG Fu-jiet Naomi Juniper WU Zun-you Division of Health Education and Behavioral Intervention National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Division of Treatment and Care National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

The global commitment to providing antiretroviral therapy （ART） to people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome （HIV/aids） in low-income countries has raised hope that the increasing momentum in the fight against the worldwide HIV/aids pandemic will be sufficient to control it. However, improved availability of subsidized antiretroviral （ARV） treatments in low-income .countries raises complex ethical issues. In many resource-constrained countries the number of individuals infected with HIV in need of treatment far exceeds the supply of ARV medication. Resource allocation decisions can be made on the basis of many epidemiological, ethical, or preferential treatment priority criteria. Healthcare systems and funding in low-income countries are limited, requiring a step-by-step approach to scaling- up programs to reach their stated aims.

关键词： acquired immunodeficiency syndrome antiretroviral treatment program ethics

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Benefits of Early and Immediate Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Patients in Chongqing, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期33卷 282-285页

作者： ZHOU Chao ZHANG Wei LU Rong Rong OUYANG Lin XING Hui SHAO Yi Ming WU Guo Hui RUAN Yu Hua Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and prevention Chongqing 400042China State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesBeijing 102206China

In an effort to end the HIV epidemic by 2030, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/aids(UNaids)set the ‘90-90-90’ target and aimed to expand the timely use of ART worldwide. By the end of 2017,21.7 million people living with HIV, amounting to59% of HIV patients worldwide, were receiving antiretroviral therapy(ART)[1]. In China, the National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program(NFATP),which was initiated in 2002, continued to progress.

关键词： Therapy Chongqing continued

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HIV-specific T cell immunity across the entire HIV genome in chinese men who have sex with men

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chinese Medical Journal 2006年第23期119卷 1958-1965页

作者： ZHANG Xiao-yan HUANG Xiang-gang XU Jian-qing LI Shen-wei JIANG Shu-lin ZHANG Xiao-xi LI Dong-liang RUAN Yu-hua XING Hui SHAO Yi-ming State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease prevention andControl National Centre for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing100050 China Chaoyang District Centre for aids/std Control and prevention Beijing 100021 China

Background Man who has sex with man （MSM） is one of the high risk groups for spreading HIV/aids. It was reported that the most prevalent human irnmunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1） strain among MSM is subtype B; however, T cell immunity remains unknown across the HIV-1 B genome in this population. Methods Using Elispot assay with synthetic peptides spanning the sequence of HIV-1 consensus B, HIV-l-specific cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte responses were quantified among 3 treated and 19 untreated HIV-1 infected MSM from Beijing, China. Cross-sectional association between viral loads and cellular immune responses were analyzed. Results Peptide pools corresponding to each HIV-1 protein were used for Env, Gag, Pol, Nef, Tat/Rev, Vpr/Vpu and Vif. The results showed that the magnitude of T cell responses in the 3 treated HIV^＋ MSM group [median, 770 spot forming cells （SFCs） per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs）] might be significantly lower than that in the 19 untreated HIV^＋ MSM group （median, 6175 SFCs per 106 PBMCs）. Nef, Gag and Pol are the most frequently targeted HIV-1 antigens; and 16 subjects （73%） were identified with vigorous T cell immunity against each of these three proteins. The overall magnitude of T cell immunity closely related to its breadth （r=-0.72, P〈0.05） and was inversely but weakly associated with viral loads （r=-0.15）. Further analysis showed that both Gag （r=-0.24） and Pol specific T cells （r=-0.12） contributed to this inverse association whereas Nef specific T cells showed no association with viral loads. Conclusions The magnitude of HIV-1 specific T cells is inversely but weakly associated with viral loads among MSM; HIV-specific T cell responses against conservative sequences （Gag and Pol） are the main contributors to this association among chinese HIV^＋ MSM. These findings have important implications for vaccine design.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus homosexuafity immunity, cellular viral load

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