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Contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere to global wildfire carbon emissions

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第10期67卷 3239-3251页

作者： Xingru ZHU Xiyan XU Gensuo JIA key laboratory of regional climate-environment for east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Wildfires are major disturbances in permafrost ecosystems, with increasing frequency and intensity in recent years. In permafrost regions, wildfires not only burn surface and subsurface organic matter but also accelerate permafrost thawing,releasing significant amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. However, the contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere to global wildfire carbon emissions remains poorly understood. This study integrates remote sensing data and ground observations to analyze the contributions of aboveground and belowground fuel combustion in high-latitude permafrost regions to global wildfire carbon emissions from 2002 to 2020, as well as the spatiotemporal variations in these contributions. Our findings indicate that permafrost regions contribute approximately11.96% of global wildfire carbon emissions, with aboveground emissions accounting for approximately 3.94% of global aboveground emissions and belowground emissions contributing approximately 63.57% of global belowground emissions. The contribution of high-latitude permafrost regions to global emissions peaked in July and August, whereas the continuous permafrost zones(areas with more than 90% permafrost coverage) showed the most significant increase in June and July. The contributions of both aboveground and belowground emissions from high-latitude permafrost regions to global wildfire emissions have been increasing, primarily due to the reduction in global wildfire emissions, in contrast with the rising emissions from wildfires in high-latitude permafrost regions. This study highlights the significant role of wildfires, particularly the combustion of belowground biomass in high-latitude permafrost regions, in global carbon emissions. The decomposition and combustion of organic carbon in permafrost regions due to wildfires release more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, potentially amplifying the positive feedback

关键词： Wildfire Permafrost Carbon emissions climate change Belowground fuel consumption

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How the enhanced east asian summer monsoon regulates total gross primary production in eastern China

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Advances in climate Change research 2024年第2期15卷 244-252页

作者： Ming-Yu HAN Yong ZHANG Jing PENG China State key laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China China Meteorological Administration Institute for Development and Programme Design Beijing 100081China CAS key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China

Recognizing the relationship between gross primary production(GPP)and precipitation in eastern China,the east asian Summer Monsoon(EASM)plays a crucial role in shaping *** confirmation of the strong link between EASM and GPP,there remains a notable research gap in understanding the specific impact of the EASM on GPP in different regions of eastern *** we used simulations from Trends in Net Land-Atmosphere Carbon Exchanges(TRENDY)models from 1951 to 2010 and divided eastern China into five subregions for the *** also used the New east asian Summer Monsoon Index(NEWI)as a quantitative metric to distinguish between periods of strong and weak *** on this,this study aims to investigate the response of GPP in different subregions of eastern ***,under strengthened EASM years(1954,1957,1965,1969,1977,1980,1983,1987,1993 and 1998),east China experienced the most pronounced increase in GPP at 12±21(mean±1 sigma)gC m^(-2) mon^(-1) compared to the weak EASM years(1958,1961,1972,1973,1978,1981,1985,1994,1997 and 2004).In contrast,Southwest China showed a decline in GPP at-4±10 gC m^(-2) mon^(-1).Moreover,GPP also increased in Northeast and North China when EASM strengthened,while South China showed a decline in *** indicated that GPP changed with monsoon *** to the mechanism analysis,during strong EASM,there was intense moisture convergence through alterations in the atmospheric circulation field over east China and abundant precipitation,which further contributed to the increase in *** solar radiation in Southwest China decreased with EASM enhancement,which suppressed GPP and hindered vegetation ***,the results highlight the importance of accurately predicting the impact of different EASM intensities of regional carbon fluxes.

关键词： Gross primary production Surface air temperature Precipitation Solar radiation eastern China Carbon cycle

Spatial Variation in CO_(2) Concentration Improves the Simulated Surface Air Temperature Increase in the Northern Hemisphere

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1614-1628,1676-1685页

作者： Jing PENG Li DAN Xiba TANG CAS key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms(LACS) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsBeijing 100029China

The increasing concentration of atmospheric CO_(2) since the Industrial Revolution has affected surface air ***,the impact of the spatial distribution of atmospheric CO_(2) concentration on surface air temperature biases remains highly *** incorporating the spatial distribution of satellite-derived atmospheric CO_(2) concentration in the Beijing Normal University Earth System Model,this study investigated the increase in surface air temperature since the Industrial Revolution in the Northern Hemisphere(NH) under historical conditions from *** comparison with the increase in surface temperature simulated using a uniform distribution of CO_(2),simulation with a nonuniform distribution of CO_(2)produced better agreement with the Climatic research Unit(CRU) data in the NH under the historical condition relative to the baseline over the period *** June-July-August(JJA) surface air temperature increased by 1.28℃ ±0.29℃ in simulations with a uniform distribution of CO_(2),by 1.00℃±0.24℃ in simulations with a non-uniform distribution of CO_(2),and by 0.24℃ in the CRU *** decrease in downward shortwave radiation in the non-uniform CO_(2) simulation was primarily attributable to reduced warming in Eurasia,combined with feedbacks resulting from increased leaf area index(LAI) and latent heat *** effects were more pronounced in the non-uniform CO_(2)simulation compared to the uniform CO_(2) *** indicate that consideration of the spatial distribution of CO_(2)concentration can reduce the overestimated increase in surface air temperature simulated by Earth system models.

关键词： spatial variations of CO_(2) surface air temperature Earth system model land surface albedo leaf area index

Will the Globe Encounter the Warmest Winter after the Hottest Summer in 2023?

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第4期41卷 581-586页

作者： Fei ZHENG Shuai HU Jiehua MA Lin WANG Kexin LI Bo WU Qing BAO Jingbei PENG Chaofan LI Haifeng ZONG Yao YAO Baoqiang TIAN Hong CHEN Xianmei LANG Fangxing FAN Xiao DONG Yanling ZHAN Tao ZHU Tianjun ZHOU Jiang ZHU International Center for climate and environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Nansen-Zhu International research Centre(NZC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Monsoon System research(CMSR) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China CAS key Lab of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In the boreal summer and autumn of 2023,the globe experienced an extremely hot period across both oceans and *** consecutive record-breaking mean surface temperature has caused many to speculate upon how the global temperature will evolve in the coming 2023/24 boreal *** this report,as shown in the multi-model ensemble mean(MME)prediction released by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the chinese academy of sciences,a medium-to-strong eastern Pacific El Niño event will reach its mature phase in the following 2−3 months,which tends to excite an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the Pacific-North American teleconnection,thus serving to modulate the winter climate in east asia and North *** some uncertainty due to unpredictable internal atmospheric variability,the global mean surface temperature(GMST)in the 2023/24 winter will likely be the warmest in recorded history as a consequence of both the El Niño event and the long-term global warming ***,the middle and low latitudes of Eurasia are expected to experience an anomalously warm winter,and the surface air temperature anomaly in China will likely exceed 2.4 standard deviations above climatology and subsequently be recorded as the warmest winter since ***,the necessary early warnings are still reliable in the timely updated mediumterm numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction.

关键词： winter climate El Niño seasonal forecast GMST

Preface to the Special Issue on Causes, Impacts, and Predictability of Droughts for the Past, Present, and Future

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第2期41卷 191-192页

作者： Tianbao ZHAO Aiguo DAI Jianping HUANG Lixia ZHANG key laboratory of regional climate-environment research for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and environmental sciences University at AlbanySUNYAlbanyNew York 80307USA key laboratory for Semi-Arid climate Change of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Drought is a recurring dry condition with below-normal precipitation and is often associated with warm temperatures or heatwaves. A drought event can develop slowly over several weeks or suddenly within days, commonly under abnormal atmospheric conditions(e.g., quasi-stationary high-pressure systems), and can persist for weeks, months, or even years.

关键词： drought within suddenly

Study on the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and heat source characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第1期67卷 117-133页

作者： Yujie LI Xiaoqing GAO Yaoming MA Zeyong HU Zhenchao LI Liwei YANG Xiao JIN Xiyin ZHOU key laboratory of Land Surface Process and climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions of chinese academy of sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Tianjin key laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology Tianjin Institute of Meteorological ScienceTianjin 300074China Institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

There are many types of atmospheric heat engines in land-air *** accurate definition,calculation and interpretation of the efficiency of atmospheric heat engines are key to understanding energy transfer and transformation of landair *** atmosphere over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)in summer can be regarded as a positive heat *** study of the heat engine efficiency is helpful to better understand land-air interaction and thermal-dynamic processes on the *** also provides a new perspective to explain the impact of the QTP on the climate of China,east asia and even the *** this paper,we used MOD08 and ERA5 reanalysis data to calculate the atmospheric heat engine efficiency,surface heat source and atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer(May to September)from 2000 to *** average atmospheric heat engine efficiency on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 varies between 1.2%and 1.5%,which is less than 1.6%;the heat engine efficiency in summer is higher than that in June,July and August;the Qaidam Basin is the region with the highest atmospheric heat engine efficiency,followed by the western *** mean surface heat source on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 is 96.0 W m^(−2),the atmospheric heat source is 90.7 W m^(−2),and the release of precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in *** is a strong and significant positive correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the surface heat source on the QTP in *** precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source in summer and can reflect the precipitation *** is a strong and significant negative correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau climate change Land-air system Atmospheric heat engine Heat source on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Central asia revealed as a key area in evolution of Eremurus (Asphodelaceae)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 333-343页

作者： Dilmurod Makhmudjanov Sergei Volis Ziyoviddin Yusupov Inom Juramurodov Komiljon Tojibaev Tao Deng Hang Sun CAS key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Yunnan International Joint laboratory for Biodiversity of Central asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Botany Academy Sciences of UzbekistanTashkent 100125Uzbekistan University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100864China

Eremurus was described at the beginning of the 19th ***,due to limited sampling and the small number of gene markers to date,its phylogeny and evolution are largely *** this study,we analyzed plastomes from 27 species belonging to 2 subgenera and 3 sections of Eremurus,which are found in Central asia(its center of diversity)and *** also analyzed nuclear DNA ITS of 33 species,encompassing all subgenera and sections of the genus in Central asia,southwest asia and *** findings revealed that the genus was monophyletic,although both subgenera Eremurus and Henningia were found to be *** plastome and nrDNA-based phylogenetic trees had three clades that did not reflect the current taxonomy of the *** biogeographical and time-calibrated trees suggest that Eremurus originated in the ancient Tethyan area in the second half of the *** of Eremurus occurred from the early Oligocene to the late *** Sea retreat and several orogenetic events,such as the progressive uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountain belts(Altai,Pamir,Tian Shan),caused serious topographic and climate(aridification)changes in Central asia that may have triggered a split of clades and *** this transformed Central asia,speciation proceeded rapidly driven mainly by vicariance caused by numerous mountain chains and specialization to a variety of climatic,topographic and soil conditions that exist in this region.

关键词： Asphodelaceae Asphodeloideae Plastome Central asia Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Characteristics of super drought in Southwest China and the associated compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2084-2102页

作者： Lin WANG Wen CHEN Gang HAUNG Ting WANG Qiulin WANG Xiaoyun SU Zixuan REN Chakrit CHOTAMONSAK Atsamon LIMSAKUL Kritanai TORSRI CAS key laboratory of regional climate-environment for temperate east asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610072China Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China State key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Carbon Neutrality research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau Hangzhou 310051China Center for Monsoon System research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Geography Faculty of Social SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand environmental Science research Center Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand climate Change and environmental research Center TechnopolisKlong 5Klong LuangPathumthani 12120Thailand Hydro-Informatics Innovation Division Hydro-Informatics InstituteMinistry of Higher EducationScienceResearch and InnovationBangkok 10900Thailand

In recent decades,Southwest China(SWC)has suffered from frequent super droughts,leading to severe economic losses and ecological *** study investigates the characteristics of super droughts in SWC during 1961-2022,reveals the compounding effect of multiscalar anomalies,and explores the plausible atmospheric circulation mechanisms *** nature of super drought is a compound drought caused by the superposition of extreme drought events across multiple time *** contrasting the typical drought cases in 2006 and 2022,the decisive role of multiscalar drought compounding is *** on the Comprehensive Multiscalar Index(CMI),multiple super drought events in SWC were identified to be temporally clustered during *** them,the decadal background of enhanced evaporation and precipitation deficit at long time scales is a necessary condition for shaping the overall pattern of super droughts,while the precipitation and evaporation anomalies at short time scales trigger the outbreak of super droughts,determining the exact timing of *** events include August-September 2006,November 2009 to May 2010,July-October 2011,April-May 2012,January-April 2013,*** results suggest that the contribution of superposed precipitation anomalies to super drought is 2.4 times that of *** regards the circulation mechanisms affecting multiscalar precipitation,the anomalous spatial patterns at short-term and long-term scales are similar,featuring the cyclonic circulation over the South China Sea and the northeasterly wind anomalies together with the subsidence center over *** 2006-2014,the possible causes for the cross-seasonal persistent precipitation reduction in SWC are the extreme negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO)in the North Pacific as well as the pronounced warming of the warm pool in the western *** key dynamic processes are outlined as *** the one hand,the negative PDO p

关键词： Super drought Multiscalar Compounding effect Mechanism analysis Southwest China

ICE1 interacts with IDD14 to transcriptionally activate QQS to increase pollen germination and viability

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1801-1819页

作者： Landi Luo Yan Zheng Xieshengyang Li Qian Chen Danni Yang Zhijia Gu Ya Yang Yunqiang Yang Xiangxiang Kong Yongping Yang CAS key laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenThe Chinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbanna 666303China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Yunnan Key Laboratory for Crop Wild Relatives OmicsKunming Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China School of Agriculture Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east asia Kunming Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China

In flowering plants,sexual reproductive success depends on the production of viable pollen ***,the mechanisms by which QUA QUINE STARCH(QQS)regulates pollen development and how transcriptional activators facilitate the transcription of QQS in this process remain poorly ***,we demonstrate that INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1(ICE1),a basic helix–loop–helix(b HLH)transcription factor,acts as a key transcriptional activator and positively regulates QQS expression to increase pollen germination and viability in Arabidopsis thaliana by interacting with INDETERMINATE DOMAIN14(IDD14).In our genetic and biochemical experiments,overexpression of ICE1 greatly promoted both the activation of QQS and high pollen viability mediated by ***14 additively enhanced ICE1 function by promoting the binding of ICE1 to the QQS *** addition,mutation of ICE1 significantly repressed QQS expression;the impaired function of QQS and the abnormal anther dehiscence jointly affected pollen development of the ice1-2 *** results also showed that the enhancement of pollen activity by ICE1 depends on ***,QQS interacted with CUT1,the key enzyme for long-chain lipid *** interaction both promoted CUT1 activity and regulated pollen lipid metabolism,ultimately determining pollen hydration and *** results not only provide new insights into the key function of QQS in promoting pollen development by regulating pollen lipid metabolism,but also elucidate the mechanism that facilitates the transcription of QQS in this vital developmental process.

关键词： transcriptional metabolism jointly