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Progress in the generation of spinal cord organoids over the past decade and future perspectives

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1013-1019页

作者： Gang Zhou Siyuan Pang Yongning Li Jun Gao Department of Neurosurgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of international Medical Service Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

Spinal cord organoids are three-dimensional tissues derived from stem cells that recapitulate the primary morphological and functional characteristics of the spinal cord in *** emerging bioengineering methods have led to the optimization of cell culture protocols,spinal cord organoids technology has made remarkable advancements in the past *** literature search found that current spinal cord organoids do not only dynamically simulate neural tube formation but also exhibit diverse cytoarchitecture along the dorsal-ventral and rostral-caudal ***,fused organoids that integrate motor neurons and other regionally specific organoids exhibit intricate neural circuits that allows for functional *** qualities make spinal cord organoids valuable tools for disease modeling,drug screening,and tissue *** utilizing this emergent technology,researchers have made significant progress in investigating the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of spinal cord ***,at present,spinal cord organoid technology remains in its infancy and has not been widely applied in translational *** of the next generation of spinal cord organoids will depend on good manufacturing practice standards and needs to focus on diverse cell phenotypes and electrophysiological functionality evaluation.

关键词： development organoid-on-a-chip pluripotent stem cells progress spinal cord diseases spinal cord organoids vascularization

Persistent Variations in the East Asian Trough from March to April and the Possible Mechanism

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 737-753,I0002-I0004页

作者： Shui YU Jianqi SUN Nansen-Zhu international Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China college of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The East Asian trough(EAT)profoundly influences the East Asian spring *** this study,the relationship of the EATs among the three spring months is *** analysis shows that the variation in March EAT is closely related to that of April *** empirical orthogonal function(EEOF)analysis also confirms the co-variation of the March and April *** positive/negative EEOF1 features the persistent strengthened/weakened EAT from March to *** investigation indicates that the variations in EEOF1 are related to a dipole sea surface temperature(SST)pattern over the North Atlantic and the SST anomaly over the tropical Indian *** dipole SST pattern over the North Atlantic,with one center east of Newfoundland Island and another east of Bermuda,could trigger a Rossby wave train to influence the EAT in March−*** SST anomaly over the tropical Indian Ocean can change the Walker circulation and influence the atmospheric circulation over the tropical western Pacific,subsequently impacting the southern part of the EAT in March−*** the SST factors,the Northeast Asian snow cover could change the regional thermal conditions and lead to persistent EAT anomalies from March to *** three impact factors are generally independent of each other,jointly explaining large variations in the EAT ***,the signals of the three factors could be traced back to February,consequently providing a potential prediction source for the EAT variation in March and April.

关键词： spring East Asian trough sea surface temperature snow cover

Consensus on glycemic management for patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第7期21卷 689-702页

作者： Li-Nong JI Yun-Dai CHEN Jing LIU Xiang-Hai ZHOU Cardiovascular Subcommittee of chinese international Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare Peking University People's Hospital chinese PLA General Hospital

The prevalence of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and diabetes mellitus is notably high,posing sig-nificant residual cardiovascular risks even after routine interventions such as antihypertensive,lipid-lowering,and antithrombot-ic *** studies have demonstrated that certain glucose-lowering medications confer cardiovascular benefits for pa-tients with type 2 ***,a survey indicates that cardiologists may not be fully acquainted with the optimal screen-ing timing,indicators,and diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes,and there is insufficient awareness and a low rate of prescrip-tion of novel glucose-lowering medications with proven cardiovascular efficacy,such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agon-ists(GLP-1 RAs)and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2i).In this context,based on domestic and international guidelines or consensus and the latest evidence-based evidence,this consensus aims to standardize the glycemic management for patients with acute coronary syndrome,chronic coronary syndrome,and perioperative management for percutaneous coronary *** highlights the key points of screening and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes,and the comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk in patients with *** consensus elaborates on the principles and algorithms of glycemic management for CHD patients,without involving acute complications of diabetes,clarifies the clinical practice of glucose-lowering medications with cardiovascular benefits,and promotes the standardized use of these medications in cardiovascular and other related spe-cialty ***,it addresses the glucose-lowering treatment to comprehensively reduce cardiovascular risks.

关键词： coronary patients routine

Drug-Target Interactions Prediction Based on Signed Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks

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chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 231-244页

作者： Ming CHEN Yajian JIANG Xiujuan LEI Yi PAN Chunyan JI Wei JIANG college of Information Science and Engineering Hunan Normal University School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Computer Science Department BNU-HKBU United International College

Drug-target interactions(DTIs) prediction plays an important role in the process of drug *** computational methods treat it as a binary prediction problem, determining whether there are connections between drugs and targets while ignoring relational types information. Considering the positive or negative effects of DTIs will facilitate the study on comprehensive mechanisms of multiple drugs on a common target, in this work, we model DTIs on signed heterogeneous networks, through categorizing interaction patterns of DTIs and additionally extracting interactions within drug pairs and target protein pairs. We propose signed heterogeneous graph neural networks(SHGNNs), further put forward an end-to-end framework for signed DTIs prediction, called SHGNN-DTI,which not only adapts to signed bipartite networks, but also could naturally incorporate auxiliary information from drug-drug interactions(DDIs) and protein-protein interactions(PPIs). For the framework, we solve the message passing and aggregation problem on signed DTI networks, and consider different training modes on the whole networks consisting of DTIs, DDIs and PPIs. Experiments are conducted on two datasets extracted from Drug Bank and related databases, under different settings of initial inputs, embedding dimensions and training modes. The prediction results show excellent performance in terms of metric indicators, and the feasibility is further verified by the case study with two drugs on breast cancer.

关键词： Drugs Training Proteins Measurement Message passing Prediction methods Graph neural networks

FAST unveils a new era in the discovery of long-period pulsars in globular clusters

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 185-186页

作者： Zhanwen Han international Centre of Supernovae Yunnan Key LaboratoryYunnan ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China

Globular clusters(GC)are among the oldest celestial bodies in the Milky *** possessing millions of stars and have been going through abundant stellar interactions,GCs are futile ground for hunting for compact objects,particularly,neutron stars.A significant number of fast-spinning millisecond pulsars(MSPs)have been discovered,comprising the majority of known GC pulsars.

关键词： stars pulsars abundant

Understanding the global cancer statistics 2022:growing cancer burden

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 2274-2276页

作者： Yuxi Liu Zhibo Zheng School of Basic Medicine Shanghai Medical College Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Thoracic Surgery Department of International MedicalServicesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China

The international Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)established in 1965 as the cancer agency of the World Health Organization,focuses on cancer research and dedicates to developing strategies for cancer control *** F... 详细信息

关键词： cancer Cancer globally

Artemisia argyi extract subfraction exerts an antifungal effect against dermatophytes by disrupting mitochondrial morphology and function

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chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第1期22卷 47-61页

作者： CHEN Le ZHU Yunyun GUO Chaowei GUO Yujie ZHAO Lu MIAO Yuhuan DU Hongzhi LIU Dahui college of Pharmacy Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065China National Resource Center for chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China college of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China

Artemisia argyi(***),a plant with a longstanding history as a raw material for traditional medicine and functional diets in Asia,has been used traditionally to bathe and soak feet for its disinfectant and itch-relieving *** its widespread use,scientific evidence validating the antifungal efficacy of *** water extract(AAWE)against dermatophytes,particularly Trichophyton rubrum,Trichophyton mentagrophytes,and Microsporum gypseum,remains *** study aimed to substantiate the scientific basis of the folkloric use of *** by evaluating the antifungal effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of its active subfraction against *** results indicated that AAWE exhibited excellent antifungal effects against the three aforementioned dermatophyte *** subfraction AAWE6,isolated using D101 macroporous resin,emerged as the most potent *** minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of AAWE6 against ***,***,and *** were 312.5,312.5,and 625μg·mL−1,*** electron microscopy(TEM)results and assays of enzymes linked to cell wall integrity and cell membrane function indicated that AAWE6 could penetrate the external protective barrier of ***,creating breaches(“small holes”),and disrupt the internal mitochondrial structure(“granary”).Furthermore,transcriptome data,quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR),and biochemical assays corroborated the severe disruption of mitochondrial function,evidenced by inhibited tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and energy ***,chemical characterization and molecular docking analyses identified flavonoids,primarily eupatilin(131.16±4.52 mg·g^(−1))and jaceosidin(4.17±0.18 mg·g^(−1)),as the active components of *** conclusion,the subfraction AAWE6 from *** exerts antifungal effects against dermatophytes by disrupting mitochondrial morphology and *** research validates the traditional use of *** and provides scient

关键词： Artemisia argyi Dermatophyte Antifungal activity Mitochondrial structure Mitochondrial function Transcriptome analysis

Integrated Zoology’s collection of Wildlife Diseases Research Network

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 348-349页

作者： Wenhua XIONG Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Office of the international Society of Zoological Sciences

The international Society of Zoological Sciences has developed a Wildlife Diseases Research Network(WDRN)in the world,with the collaboration of its partners such as the Working Group on Zoonotic Disease of the international Union of Biological Sciences(IUBS)(https://***/).WDRN is composed of a steering committee,a scientific committee,a research expert network,and collaborative partners.

关键词： partner committee IUB

Structural characterization and prebiotic potential of polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2208-2220页

作者： Zihan Qi Tiexiang Gao Jingjing Li Shuhan Zhou Zhigang Zhang Mingzhu Yin Haiming Hu Hongtao Liu college of Basic Medical Sciences Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065China college of Pharmacy Hubei University of Chinese MedicineWuhan 430065China

Polygonatum sibiricum has been widely used due to its excellent biological *** prepared a novel polysaccharide from ***(PSP)in this *** a monosaccharide composition analysis,PSP was mainly composed of fructose and glucose with a molar percentage of 93.81:*** main linkage types were identified asα-D-Glcp-1→and→2-β-D-Fruf-1→.The molecular weight of PSP showed no significant change after simulated salivary and gastrointestinal ***,PSP could be broken down by intestinal *** findings revealed that PSP administration increased the abundance of probiotics such as ***,the results showed that gut microbes could utilize PSP to produce short-chain fatty acids including acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric ***,the PSP fermentation broth displayed an excellent scavenging effect on free radicals,including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical,superoxide radical,and hydroxyl *** summary,this study will help to promote the application of PSP as prebiotics in functional food and the medical industry.

关键词： Dietary polysaccharides Prebiotic Gut microbiota Short-chain fatty acids