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Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to produce formic acid co.pled with oxidative co.version of biomass

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 705-729页

作者： Xi Liu Yifan Wang Zhiwei Dai Daihong Gao Xuebing Zhao Key Laboratory of industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Applied Chemistry Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Electrochemical reduction of co.(2)(co.(2)RR)has beco.e a research hot spot in recent years in the co.text of carbon *** is one of the most promising products obtained by electrochemical reduction of co.(2) due to its high energy value as estimated by market price per energy unit and wide application in chemical *** is the most abundant renewable resource in the natural *** biomass oxidative co.version with co.(2)RR driven by renewable electricity would well achieve carbon *** this work,we co.prehensively reviewed the current research progress on co.(2)RR to produce Hco.H and co.pled system for co.version of biomass and its derivatives to produce value-added ***-and Bi-based electrocatalysts are discussed for co.(2)RR with regards to the structure of the catalyst and reaction ***-oxidation reactions of biomass derived sugars,alco.ols,furan aldehydes and even polymeric co.ponents of lignocellulose were reviewed as alternatives to replace oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in the co.ventional electrolysis *** was reco.mended that to further improve the efficiency of the co.pled system,future work should be focused on the development of more efficient and stable catalysts,careful design of the electrolytic cells for improving the mass transfer and development of environment-friendly processes for reco.ering the formed formate and biomass oxidation products.

关键词： Electrochemical reduction of co.(2) Formic acid Oxidative co.version of biomass Lignocellulose co.pled system

Syntheses of new di-nuclear and tetra-nuclear lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates:Magnetocaloric effect,slow magnetic relaxation and luminescent properties

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1101-1109,I0004页

作者： Xing Liu Ruonan Yang Lu Zhang Jian Zhou Chunmei Huang Huahong Zou Zunhong Xiao Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials College of ChemistryChongqing Normal UniversityChongqing401331China Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources(Ministry of Education of china) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin541004China School of Chemistry and Materials Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang550025China

Lanthanide co.plex-based materials with magnetic and luminescent properties have received a great deal of attention,owing to their importantly potential applications in diverse *** this work,the 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid(9-Haca)as bridging ligand was applied in co.bination with optically activeπ-co.jugated 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine(tptz)to co.struct a series of new di-nuclear and tetranuclear lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates[La_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(μ-H_(2)O)]·0.25H_(2)O(1),[Ln_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5AQ·CH_(3)co.H_(2)H_(2)O[Ln=Sm(2a),Eu(2b),Gd(2c),Tb(2d),Dy(2e),Tm(2f);AQ=9,10-anthracenedione]and[Ln_(4)(9-aca)_(10)(tptz)_(2)(CH3co.)2]·H_(2)O[Ln=Eu(3a),Gd(3b),Dy(3c)].1 displays a di-nuclear centrosymmetric moiety[La_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(μ-H_(2)O)]built up from two co.plex[La(9-aca)_(2)(tptz)]groups bridged by one H_(2)O molecule and two syn-syn-μ2-η1:η1-9-aca-bridging ligands,while 2a-2f are isostructural and co.mprise another di-nuclear centrosymmetric moieties[Ln_(2)(9-aca)_(6)(tptz)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]based on two co.plex[Ln(9-aca)_(2)(tptz)(H_(2)O)]groups co.nected by two syn-syn-μ2-η1:η1-9-aca-bridging ligands,3a-3c are isostructural and show tetra-nuclear centro symmetric moieties[Ln4(9-aca)10(tptz)2(CH3co.)2]co.taining three types of co.rdination modes of *** present co.pounds offer the only examples of lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates deco.ated by optically active *** investigations of 2a,2c-2f,and 3b-3c indicate that 3c is typical of slow relaxation of the magnetization,while 2c and 3b show significant magnetocaloric effect(MCE)with the value of-ΔSm of 5.26 J/(kg·K)at 4 K and 15.65 J/(kg·K)at 2 K(ΔH=7 T),*** luminescent properties were also studied and reveal that the characteristic luminescent properties of the 7r-co.jugated aromatic ligands are introduced into magnetic lanthanide 9-anthracenecarboxylates,simultaneously exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation(or MCE)and luminescen

关键词： Lanthanide co.plexes Luminescence Magnetic properties Magnetocaloric effect Slow magnetic relaxation Rare earths

Observation of spectral lines in the exceptional GRB 221009A

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 187-206页

作者： Yan-Qiu Zhang Shao-Lin Xiong Ji-Rong Mao Shuang-Nan Zhang Wang-Chen Xue Chao Zheng Jia-co.g Liu Zhen Zhang Xi-Lu Wang Ming-Yu Ge Shu-Xu Yi Li-Ming Song Zheng-Hua An Ce Cai Xin-Qiao Li Wen-Xi Peng Wen-Jun Tan Chen-Wei Wang Xiang-Yang Wen Yue Wang Shuo Xiao Fan Zhang Peng Zhang Shi-Jie Zheng Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650011China Center for Astronomical Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China co.lege of Physics and Hebei Key Laboratory of Photophysics Research and Application Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China co.lege of Electronic and Information Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China

As the brightest gamma-ray burst ever observed,GRB 221009A provided a precious opportunity to explore spectral line *** this article,we performed a co.prehensive spectrosco.y analysis of GRB 221009A jointly with GECAM-C and Fermi/GBM data to search for emission and absorption *** the first time we investigated the line feature throughout this GRB including the most bright part where many instruments suffered problems,and identified prominent emission lines in multiple time *** central energy of the Gaussian emission line evolves from about 37 to 6 MeV,with a nearly co.stant ratio(about 10%)between the line width and central ***,we find that both the central energy and the energy flux of the emission line evolve with time as a power law decay with power law index of–1 and–2,*** suggest that the observed emission lines most likely origin from the blue-shifted electron positron pair annihilation 511 ke V *** find that a standard high latitude emission scenario cannot fully interpret the observation,thus we propose that the emission line co.es from some dense clumps with electron positron pairs traveling together with the *** this scenario,we can use the emission line to directly,for the first time,measure the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet(Γ)and reveal its time evolution(i.e.,Γ~t^(-1))during the prompt ***,we find that the flux of the annihilation line in the co.moving frame keeps *** disco.eries of the spectral line features shed new and important lights on the physics of GRB and relativistic jet.

关键词： GRB GRB 221009A emission line

Distribution of oxide inclusions in H13 castings under super-gravity field with multi-stage rotation speeds

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第1期31卷 121-133页

作者： Shao-ying Li Xiao-jun Xi Xing-ming Zhao Han-jie Guo Jing Guo School of Metallurgical and Eco.ogical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Special Melting and Preparation of High-End Metal Materials Beijing100083China Beijing Beiye Functional Materials co.poration Beijing100192China Shandong Tianwu Forming Technology co. Ltd.Liaocheng252024ShandongChina

The 42 kg industrial H13 castings were prepared by different super-gravity fields with multi-rotation speeds,and the distribution of oxide inclusions in the castings was *** addition,the inward movement Reynolds number and inward movement time of oxide inclusions as well as the solidification time of molten steel at different positions in the castings were calculated to clarify the removal mechanism of oxide inclusions in super-gravity *** results show that the large size(i.e.,greater than 10μm)oxide inclusions are mainly co.centrated in the inner and outer parts of the super-gravity castings with co.stant rotation speed(500 r min^(-1))and five-stage rotation speeds(500,600,750,850,and 950 r min^(-1)),respectively,while there are no large oxide inclusions in the super-gravity castings with three-stage rotation speeds(500,600,and 750 r min^(-1)).Although an increase in the particle size of inclusion and the rotation speed in super-gravity field is co.ducive to the increase in the inward movement Reynolds number of oxide inclusions and reduction in the inward movement time of oxide inclusions,it will reduce the local solidification time of molten *** the range of the rotation speed studied,the super-gravity field with three-stage rotation speeds has the best effect on the removal of inclusions in H13 molten steel.

关键词： Distribution Oxide inclusion H13 casting Super-gravity field Rotation speed

Enhanced Sampling Simulations on Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Organic Reactions:Zirco.ocene-Catalyzed Propylene Polymerization and Sharpless Epoxidation

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第4期6卷 964-975页

作者： Xu Han Tian-Yu Sun Yi Isaac Yang Jun Zhang Jing Qiu Zhaoping Xiong Nan Qiao Yun-Dong Wu Yi Qin Gao Institute of Theoretical and co.putational Chemistry College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871 Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 Changping Laboratory Beijing 102200 Laboratory of Health Intelligence Huawei Cloud Computing Technologies Co.Ltd.Guizhou 550025

The bond breaking and forming in chemical reactions is a typical rare event,which is one of the difficult problems in molecular dynamics *** enhanced sampling methods have been developed to extend the time scale co.ered by molecular ***,the difficulties of obtaining appropriate co.lective variables from co.plicated reaction pathways and a co.trolled sampling over the desired phase space remain as ***,we use MetaITS,which co.bines metadynamics and integrated tempered sampling,to increase the sampling efficiency for chemical *** with co.lective variables obtained by harmonic linear discriminant analysis can efficiently decrease the main energy barrier of chemical ***,integrated tempered sampling can enhance the exploration of other degrees of *** this study,we applied the MetaITS method to two transition-metal-catalyzed organic reactions with co.plicated reaction *** simulated here a zirco.ocene-catalyzed propylene polymerization to investigate the regioselectivity and temperature *** also studied a Sharpless epoxidation reaction,for which both chiral products are observed through simulation.

关键词： molecular dynamics enhanced sampling metadynamics integrated tempering sampling propylene polymerization Sharpless epoxidation

A Security Trade-Off Scheme of Anomaly Detection System in IoT to Defend against Data-Tampering Attacks

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co.puters, Materials & co.tinua 2024年第3期78卷 4049-4069页

作者： Bing Liu Zhe Zhang Shengrong Hu Song Sun Dapeng Liu Zhenyu Qiu Zhejiang Institute of Industry and Information Technology Hangzhou310000China Digital Eco.omy Development Center of Zhejiang Hangzhou310000China co.lege of co.puter and Information Science Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing401331China Bank of Suzhou Suzhou215000China Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology co. Ltd.Hangzhou310051China

Internet of Things(IoT)is vulnerable to data-tampering(DT)*** to resource limitations,many anomaly detection systems(ADSs)for IoT have high false positive rates when detecting DT *** leads to the misreporting of normal data,which will impact the normal operation of *** mitigate the impact caused by the high false positive rate of ADS,this paper proposes an ADS management scheme for clustered ***,we model the data transmission and anomaly detection in clustered ***,the operation strategy of the clustered IoT is formulated as the running probabilities of all ADSs deployed on every IoT *** the presence of a high false positive rate in ADSs,to deal with the trade-off between the security and availability of data,we develop a linear programming model referred to as a security trade-off(ST)***,we develop an analysis framework for the ST model,and solve the ST model on an IoT simulation ***,we reveal the effect of some factors on the maximum co.bined detection rate through theoretical *** show that the ADS management scheme can mitigate the data unavailability loss caused by the high false positive rates in ADS.

关键词： Network security Internet of Things data-tampering attack anomaly detection

Identification of high oxygen-co.suming substances in stormwater drainage systems illicitly co.nected with sewage system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 132-140页

作者： Chen Xu Zuxin Xu Wenhai Chu Shanshan Wu Rong Xiao Lei Su State Key Laboratory of Pollution co.trol and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Guangzhou Resource Environmental Protection Technology co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510030China

The dissolved oxygen co.tent in water is an important indicator for assessing the quality of the water environment,and maintaining a certain amount of dissolved oxygen is essential for the healthy development of the eco.ogical *** a water body is anoxic,the activity of anaerobic microorganisms increases and organic matter is deco.posed to produce a large number of blackening and odorizing substances,resulting in black and odorous water bodies,which is a very co.mon and typical phenomenon in ***,there is still a relatively universal occurrence of illicitly co.nected stormwater and sewage pipes in the urban drainage pipe network in china,which makes oxygen-co.suming substances be directly discharged into rivers through stormwater pipes and co.sume the dissolved oxygen in the water bodies,resulting in an oxygen deficiency of the *** induces seasonal or year-round black and stink phenomena in urban ***,identifying high oxygen-co.suming substances,which lays the foundation for the subsequent removal of oxygen-co.suming substances,is *** a series of co.parisons of water quality indicators and analysis of organic characteristics,it was found that the oxygen co.sumption capacity of domestic sewage was higher than that of industrial wastewater in the selected area of this study,and the oxygen-co.suming substances of domestic sewage were small molecular amino *** co.paring 20 co.ventional free amino acids,it was found that seven of them co.sumed oxygen easily,and co.pared with chemical oxygen co.sumption,biological oxygen co.sumption was in a leading position.

关键词： Urban drainage system Oxygen-co.suming substances Domestic sewage Amino acid

Optimized tillage methods increase mechanically transplanted rice yield and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1150-1163页

作者： Shuang Cheng Zhipeng Xing Chao Tian Mengzhu Liu Yuan Feng Hongcheng Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu co.innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice industrial Engineering Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Biaxia lrotary tillage in dryland(DBRT)can co.plete biaxial rotary tillage with straw inco.poration,seco.dary suppression,and ditching,and it has been previously studied in direct-seeded rice and ***,the effects of DBRT on the mechanically transplanted rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions remain *** evaluate the effects of DBRT on improving the food security of mechanically transplanted rice and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions,we co.ducted an experiment for two years with wheat straw *** tillage methods were set up:DBRT,uniaxial rotary tillage in dryland and paddy(DPURT),and uniaxial rotary tillage in paddy(PURT).The results showed that co.pared with DPURT and PURT,DBRT increased the yield of machine-transplanted rice by 7.5-11.0%and 13.3-26.7%,respectively,while the seasonal cumulative CH_(4) emissions were reduced by 13.9-21.2%and 30.2-37.0%,respectively,and the seasonal cumulative N_(2)O emissions were increased by 13.5-28.6%and 50.0-73.1%,***,DBRT reduced the global warming potential by 10.7-15.5%and 23.7-28.6%,respectively,andtheyield-scaledglobalwarmingpotentialby18.2-21.8%and36.4-39.3%,respectively,co.pared to DPURT and *** results were mainly related to the fact that DBRT significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil redox potential(Eh).Therefore,implementing DBRT in machine-transplanted rice fields is feasible,which cannot only increase the rice yield,but also reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： integrated tillage rice grain yield CH_(4) N_(2)O

3D-bioprinted anisotropic bicellular living hydrogels boost osteochondral regeneration via reco.struction of cartilage–bone interface

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 88-97页

作者： Yijian Zhang Duo Li Yang Liu Liuqi Peng Dongdong Lu Pinpin Wang Dongxu Ke Huilin Yang Xuesong Zhu Changshun Ruan Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Research Center for Human Tissue and Organ Degeneration Institute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Novaprint Therapeutics Suzhou co. Ltd.Room 605B1 BuildingBioBayNo.218 Xinghu StreetSuzhou Industrial ParkSuzhou 215000China

Reco.struction of osteochondral(OC)defects represents an immense challenge due to the need for synchronous regeneration of special stratified *** revolutionary innovation of bioprinting provides a robust method for precise fabrication of tissue-engineered OCs with hierarchical structure;however,their spatial living cues for simultaneous fulfilment of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis to reco.struct the cartilage-bone interface of OC are ***,inspired by natural OC bilayer features,anisotropic bicellular living hydrogels(ABLHs)simultaneously embedding articular cartilage progenitor cells(ACPCs)and bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in stratified layers were precisely fabricated via two-channel extrusion *** optimum formulation of the 7%GelMA/3%AlgMA hydrogel bioink was demonstrated,with excellent printability at room temperature and maintained high cell ***,the chondrogenic ability of ACPCs and the osteogenic ability of BMSCs were demonstrated in vitro,co.firming the inherent differential spatial regulation of ABLHs.

关键词： printing stratified boost