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Efficient and Stable Photoassisted Lithium-Ion Battery Enabled by Photocathode with Synergistically Boosted Carriers Dynamics

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NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： Ma, Zelin Wang, Shiyao Ma, Zhuangzhuang Li, Juan Zhao, Luomeng Li, Zhihuan Wang, Shiyuan Shuang, Yazhou Wang, Jiulong Wang, Fang Xia, Weiwei Jian, Jie He, Yibo Wang, Junjie Guo, Pengfei Wang, Hongqiang Northwestern Polytech Univ Ctr Nano Energy Mat State Key Lab Solidificat Proc Sch Mat Sci & Engn Xian 710072 Peoples R China NPU Shaanxi Joint Lab Graphene Xian 710072 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Mat Sci State Key Lab Solidificat Proc Xian 710072 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Engn Dept Xian 710072 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Ctr Adv Lubricat & Seal Mat Sch Mat Sci & Engn State Key Lab Solidificat Proc Xian 710072 Peoples R China Northwestern Polytech Univ Shenzhen Res & Dev Inst Shenzhen 518063 Peoples R China Shaanxi Normal Univ Key Lab Appl Surface & Colloid Chem Shaanxi Engn Lab Adv Energy Technol Shaanxi Key Lab Adv Energy DevicesSch Mat Sci & E Xian 710119 Peoples R China

Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries (PLIBs), while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active photocathodes. Present work proposes a general approach of creating bulk heterojunction to boost the carrier mobility of photocathodes by simply laser assisted embedding of plasmonic nanocrystals. When employed in PLIBs, it was found effective for synchronously enhanced photocharge separation and transport in light charging process. Additionally, experimental photon spectroscopy, finite difference time domain method simulation and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the improved carrier dynamics are driven by the plasmonic-induced hot electron injection from metal to TiO2, as well as the enhanced conductivity in TiO2 matrix due to the formation of oxygen vacancies after Schottky contact. Benefiting from these merits, several benchmark values in performance of TiO2-based photocathode applied in PLIBs are set, including the capacity of 276 mAh g(-1 ) at 0.2 A g(-1 )under illumination, photoconversion efficiency of 1.276% at 3 A g(-1 ), less capacity and Columbic efficiency loss even through 200 cycles. These results exemplify the potential of the bulk heterojunction strategy in developing highly efficient and stable photoassisted energy storage systems.

关键词： Photoassisted lithium-ion batteries Bulk heterojunction Carrier dynamics TiO2 nanofiber Plasmonic metal nanocrystals

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Deciphering Water Oxidation Catalysts: The Dominant Role of Surface Chemistry over Reconstruction Degree in Activity Promotion

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NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-15页

作者： An, Li Li, Jianyi Sun, Yuanmiao Zhu, Jiamin Seow, Justin Zhu Yeow Zhang, Hong Zhang, Nan Xi, Pinxian Xu, Zhichuan J. Yan, Chun-Hua Lanzhou Univ Frontiers Sci Ctr Rare Isotopes Key Lab Nonferrous Met Chem & Resources Utilizat G State Key Lab Appl Organ ChemColl Chem & Chem Eng Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore Chinese Acad Sci Fac Mat Sci & Energy Engn Shenzhen Inst Adv Technol Inst Technol Carbon Neutral Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Yunnan Univ Natl Ctr Int Res Photoelect & Energy Mat Electron Microscopy Ctr Sch Mat & EnergyKey Lab Electromagnet Mat & Devic Kunming 650091 Peoples R China Baotou Res Inst Rare Earths State Key Lab Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Res & Baotou 014030 Peoples R China Peking Univ Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat PKU HKU Joint Lab Rare Earth Mat & Bioinorgan Chem Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Demonstrate that the key factor to determine the activity of reconstructed surfaces is the surface chemistry, instead of reconstruction degree using the popular perovskite LaNi1-xFexO3 oxides as model *** content can influence both the surface reconstruction degree, the activation degree, and the activity of reconstructed *** oxygen evolution reaction activity of reconstructed catalysts is primarily governed by the chemistry of the reconstructed surface species. Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts, and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity enhancement. Here, a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO3 is reported. The substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction degree. LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi1-xFexO3 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) series. The reconstructed LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based catalysts. Besides, density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level, which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term stability. Furthermore, it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction degree. The effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface reconstruction. This finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction Perovskite oxides Doping Activation and reconstruction

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Development and experimental validation of a novel hybrid powertrain with dual planetary gear sets for transit bus applications

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2015年第12期58卷 2085-2096页

作者： QIN KongJian WANG EnHua ZHAO Hang SHI GuangKui WANG RenGuang KONG ZhiGuo WANG Wei state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University china automotive Technology and Research Center

Given that energy conservation and environmental protection are two important goals for the automotive industry, the application of a hybrid electric powertrain can improve vehicle energy efficiency while decreasing fuel consumption and engine emissions. Planetary gear-based power-split hybrid powertrains have become widely used in passenger vehicles, but remain rarely employed on transit buses. This study proposes a novel hybrid powertrain based on two planetary gear sets(CHS) and presents its operating principles along with development of a control strategy for the powertrain. The CHS hybrid powertrain operates in electric mode when the driving power demand is low, and changes to a hybrid electric mode according to the power-split principle of the planetary gear set. To validate the feasibility of the designed CHS hybrid powertrain, a prototype transit bus equipped with the designed hybrid powertrain system was built, and the operating characteristics of the system were analyzed through a performance test conducted on a chassis dynamometer. Compared with a conventional powertrain, the CHS hybrid powertrain can reduce fuel consumption by 39%. Thus, the CHS hybrid powertrain is a good solution for heavy-duty applications such as hybrid transit buses because of its simple structure and excellent fuel efficiency.

关键词： dual planetary gear set hybrid powertrain experimental validation transit bus performance analysis

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Multiple Tin Compounds Modified Carbon Fibers to Construct Heterogeneous Interfaces for Corrosion Prevention and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 507-527页

作者： Zhiqiang Guo Di Lan Zirui Jia Zhenguo Gao Xuetao Shi Mukun He Hua Guo Guanglei Wu Pengfei Yin College of Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an 625014People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei University of Automotive TechnologyShiyan 442002People’s Republic of China Institute of Materials for energy and Environment State Key Laboratory of Bio‑Fibers and Eco‑TextilesCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071People’s Republic of China Shaanxi key laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710072People’s Republic of China

Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly ***-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW ***,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW *** this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal *** utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are *** effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction *** prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy *** minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 ***,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel ***,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.

关键词： Electrostatic spinning Component regulation Heterogeneous interfaces Electromagnetic wave absorption Corrosion protection

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Optimization of gasoline hydrocarbon compositions for reducing exhaust emissions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第9期21卷 1208-1213页

作者： SHEN Yitao,SHUAI Shijin,WANG Jianxin,XIAO Jianhua state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,china [a]state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Effects of hydrocarbon compositions on raw exhaust emissions and combustion processes were studied on an engine test bench. The optimization of gasoline hydrocarbon composition was discussed. As olefins content increased from 10.0% to 25.0% in volume, the combustion duration was shortened by about 2 degree crank angle （°CA）, and the engine-out THC emission was reduced by about 15%. On the other hand, as aromatics content changed from 35.0% to 45.0%, the engine-out NOx emissions increased by 4%. An increment in olefins content resulted in a slight increase in engine-out CO emission, while the aromatics content had little effect on engine-out total hydrocarbon （THC） and CO emissions. Over the new European driving cycle （NEDC）, the THC, NOx and CO emissions of fuel with 25.0% olefins and 35.0% aromatics were about 45%, 21% and 19% lower than those of fuel with 10.0% olefins and 40.0% aromatics, respectively. The optimized gasoline compositions for new engines and new vehicles have low aromatics and high olefins contents.

关键词： optimization hydrocarbon composition exhaust emissions olefins aromatics

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Life Prediction Based on Transient Dynamics Analysis of Van Semi-trailer with Air Suspension System

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2011年第3期24卷 372-379页

作者： LI Liang SONG Jian HE Lin ZHANG Mengjun LI Hongzhi state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The early fatigue damage in the van-body of the semi-trailer is often caused by the unique mechanical characteristics and the dynamic impact of the *** traditional finite element method with static strength analysis cannot support the fatigue design of van-body;thus,the dynamics analysis should be adopted for the endurance *** accurate dynamics model to describe the transient impacts of all kinds of uneven road and the proper system transfer functions to calculate the load transfer effects from tire to van-body are two critical factors for transient dynamics *** order to evaluate the dynamic performance,the dynamics model of the trailer with the air suspension is brought *** the analysis method of the power spectral density （PSD） is set up to study the transient responses of the road dynamic *** transient responses transferred from axles to van-body are calculated,such as dynamic stress,dynamic RMS acceleration,and dynamic load *** on the above dynamic responses,the fatigue life of van-body is predicted with the finite element analysis （FEA） *** the test parameters of the trailer with air suspension,the simulation system with Matlab/Simulink is constructed to describe the dynamic responses of the impacts of the tested PSD of the vehicle axles,and then the fatigue life is predicted with FEA *** simulated results show that the vibration level of the van-body with air suspension is reduced and the fatigue life is *** real vehicle tests on different roads are carried out,and the test results validate the accuracy of the simulation *** proposed fatigue life prediction method is effective for the virtual design of auto-body.

关键词： van-body air suspension system transient dynamics power spectral density (PSD) life prediction

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Real-time Tire Parameters Observer for Vehicle Dynamics Stability Control

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2010年第5期23卷 620-626页

作者： LI Liang LI Hongzhi ZHANG Xiaolong HE Lin SONG Jian state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The performance of the vehicle dynamics stability control system（DSC） is dominated by the accurate estimation of tire forces in *** characteristics of tire forces are determined by tire dynamic states and parameters,which vary in an obviously large scope along with different working ***,there have been many methods based on the nonlinear observer to estimate the tire force and dynamic parameters,but they were only used in off-line analysis because of the computation complexity and the dynamics differences of four tires in the steering maneuver conditions were not considered *** paper develops a novel algorithm to observe tire parameters in real-time controller for *** algorithm is based on the sensor-fusion technology with the signals of DSC sensors,and the tire parameters are estimated during a set of maneuver *** calibrated tire parameters in the control cycle are treated as the elementary states for vehicle dynamics observation,in which the errors between the calculated and the measured vehicle dynamics are used as the correcting factors for the tire parameter observing *** test process with a given acceleration following a straight line is used to validate the estimation method of the longitudinal stiffness;while the test process with a given steering angle is used to validate the estimated value of the cornering *** ground test result shows that the proposed algorithm can estimate the tire stiffness accurately with an acceptable computation cost for real-time controller only using DSC sensor *** proposed algorithm can be an efficient algorithm for estimating the tire dynamic parameters in vehicle dynamics stability control system,and can be used to improve the robustness of the DSC controller.

关键词： tire longitudinal stiffness cornering stiffness vehicle dynamics stability

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Road Friction Estimation under Complicated Maneuver Conditions for Active Yaw Control

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2009年第4期22卷 514-520页

作者： LI Liang LI Hongzhi SONG Jian YANG Cai WU Hao The state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Road friction coefficient is a key factor for the stability control of the vehicle dynamics in the critical conditions. Obviously the vehicle dynamics stability control systems, including the anti-lock brake system（ABS）, the traction control system（TCS）, and the active yaw control（AYC） system, need the accurate tire and road friction information. However, the simplified method based on the linear tire and vehicle model could not obtain the accurate road friction coefficient for the complicated maneuver of the vehicle. Because the active braking control mode of AYC is different from that of ABS, the road friction coefficient cannot be estimated only with the dynamics states of the tire. With the related dynamics states measured by the sensors of AYC, a comprehensive strategy of the road friction estimation for the active yaw control is brought forward with the sensor fusion technique. Firstly, the variations of the dynamics characteristics of vehicle and tire, and the stability control mode in the steering process are considered, and then the proper road friction estimation methods are brought forward according to the vehicle maneuver process. In the steering maneuver without braking, the comprehensive road friction from the four wheels may be estimated based on the multi-sensor signal fusion method. The estimated values of the road friction reflect the road friction characteristic. When the active brake involved, the road friction coefficient of the braked wheel may be estimated based on the brake pressure and tire forces, the estimated values reflect the road friction between the braked wheel and the road. So the optimal control of the wheel slip rate may be obtained according to the road friction coefficient. The methods proposed in the paper are integrated into the real time controller of AYC, which is matched onto the test vehicle. The ground tests validate the accuracy of the proposed method under the complicated maneuver conditions.

关键词： active yaw control road friction coefficient estimation sensor fusion

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Driving and Braking Control of PM Synchronous Motor Based on Low-resolution Hall Sensor for Battery Electric Vehicle

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2013年第1期26卷 1-10页

作者： GU Jing OUYANG Minggao LI Jianqiu LU Dongbin FANG Chuan MA Yan state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University

Resolvers are normally employed for rotor positioning in motors for electric vehicles, but resolvers are expensive and vulnerable to vibrations. Hall sensors have the advantages of low cost and high reliability, but the positioning accuracy is low. Motors with Hall sensors are typically controlled by six-step commutation algorithm, which brings high torque ripple. This paper studies the high-performance driving and braking control of the in-wheel permanent magnetic synchronous motor （PMSM） based on low-resolution Hall sensors. Field oriented control （FOC） based on Hall-effect sensors is developed to reduce the torque ripple. The positioning accuracy of the Hall sensors is improved by interpolation between two consecutive Hall signals using the estimated motor speed. The position error from the misalignment of the Hall sensors is compensated by the precise calibration of Hall transition timing. The braking control algorithms based on six-step commutation and FOC are studied. Two variants of the six-step commutation braking control, namely, half-bridge commutation and full-bridge commutation, are discussed and compared, which shows that the full-bridge commutation could better explore the potential of the back electro-motive forces （EMF）, thus can deliver higher efficiency and smaller current ripple. The FOC braking is analyzed with the phasor diagrams. At a given motor speed, the motor turns from the regenerative braking mode into the plug braking mode if the braking torque exceeds a certain limit, which is proportional to the motor speed. Tests in the dynamometer show that a smooth control could be realized by FOC driving control and the highest efficiency and the smallest current ripple could be achieved by FOC braking control, compared to six-step commutation braking control. Therefore, FOC braking is selected as the braking control algorithm for electric vehicles. The proposed research ensures a good motor control performance while maintaining low cost and high r

关键词： battery electric vehicle field oriented control low-resolution Hall sensor regenerative braking plug braking,six-step commutation braking

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A Novel Pre-control Method of Vehicle Dynamics Stability Based on Critical Stable Velocity during Transient Steering Maneuvering

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第3期29卷 475-485页

作者： CHEN Jie SONG Jian LI Liang RAN Xu JIA Gang WU Kaihui state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University

The current research of direct yaw moment control（DYC） system focus on the design of target yaw moment and the distribution of wheel brake force. The differential braking intervention can effectively improve the lateral stability of the vehicle, however, the effect of DYC can be improved a step further by applying the control of vehicle longitudinal velocity. In this paper, the relationship between the vehicle longitudinal velocity and lateral stability is studied, and the simulation results show that a decrease of 5 km/h of longitudinal velocity at a particular situation can bring 100° increasing of stable steering upper limit. A critical stable velocity considering the effect of steering and yaw rate measurement is defined to evaluate the risk of losing steer-ability or stability. A novel velocity pre-control method is proposed by using a hierarchical pre-control logic and is integrated with the traditional DYC system. The control algorithm is verified through a hardware in-the-loop simulation system. Double lane change（DLC） test results on both high friction coefficient（μ） and low μ roads show that by using the pre-control method, the steering effort in DLC test can be reduced by 38% and 51% and the peak value of brake pressure control can be reduced by 20% and 12% respectively on high μ and low μ roads, the lateral stability is also improved. This research proposes a novel DYC system with lighter control effort and better control effect.

关键词： vehicle dynamics direct yaw moment control critical stable velocity pre-control

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