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Geochemical characteristics and exploration significance of ultra-deep Sinian oil and gas from Well Tashen 5,Tarim Basin,NW china

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Energy Geoscience

Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 24-36页

作者： Zicheng Cao Anlai Ma Qinqi Xu Quanyong Pan Kai Shang Fan Feng Yongli Liu Northwest petroleum Oilfield company SINOPECUrumqi830011China petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPEC102260BeijingChina

The Well Tashen 5(TS5),drilled and completed at a vertical depth of 9017 m in the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim Basin,NW china,is the deepest well in *** has been producing both oil and gas from the Sinian at a depth of 8780e8840 m,also the deepest in Asia in terms of oil *** this paper,the geochemical characteristics of Sinian oil and gas from the well were investigated and compared with those of Cambrian oil and gas discovered in the same *** oil samples,with Pr/Ph ratio of 0.78 and a whole oil carbon isotopic value of31.6‰,have geochemical characteristics similar to those of Ordovician oils from the No.1 fault in the North Shuntuoguole area(also named Shunbei area)and the Middle Cambrian oil from wells Zhongshen 1(ZS1)and Zhongshen 5(ZS5)of Tazhong *** maturity of light hydrocarbons,diamondoids and aromatic fractions all suggest an approximate maturity of 1.5%e1.7%Ro for the ***(4-+3-)methyldiamantane concentration of the samples is 113.5 mg/g,indicating intense cracking with a cracking degree of about 80%,which is consistent with the high bottom hole temperature(179℃).The Sinian gas samples are dry with a dryness coefficient of *** gas is a mixture of kerogen-cracking gas and oil-cracking gas and has Ro values ranging between 1.5%and 1.7%,and methane carbon isotopic values of41.6‰.Based on the equivalent vitrinite reflectance(R_(eqv)=1.51%e1.61%)and the thermal evolution of source rocks from the Cambrian Yu'ertusi Formation of the same well,it is proposed that the Sinian oil and gas be mainly sourced from the Cambrian Yu'ertusi Formation during the Himalayan period but probably also be joined by hydrocarbon of higher maturity that migrated from other source rocks in deeper *** discovery of Sinian oil and gas from Well TS5 suggests that the ancient ultra-deep strata in the northern Tarim Basin have the potential for finding volatile oil or condensate reservoirs.

关键词： Ultra-deep Sinian oil and gas Oil-cracking Well Tashen 5 Tarim Basin

An improved deep dilated convolutional neural network for seismic facies interpretation

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petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1569-1583页

作者： Na-Xia Yang Guo-Fa Li Ting-Hui Li Dong-Feng Zhao Wei-Wei Gu State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering CNPC Key Lab of Geophysical ExplorationChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Dagang Branch Research InstituteBGPTianjin300280China

With the successful application and breakthrough of deep learning technology in image segmentation,there has been continuous development in the field of seismic facies interpretation using convolutional neural *** intelligent and automated methods significantly reduce manual labor,particularly in the laborious task of manually labeling seismic ***,the extensive demand for training data imposes limitations on their wider *** overcome this challenge,we adopt the UNet architecture as the foundational network structure for seismic facies classification,which has demonstrated effective segmentation results even with small-sample training ***,we integrate spatial pyramid pooling and dilated convolution modules into the network architecture to enhance the perception of spatial information across a broader *** seismic facies classification test on the public data from the F3 block verifies the superior performance of our proposed improved network structure in delineating seismic facies *** analysis against the traditional UNet model reveals that our method achieves more accurate predictive classification results,as evidenced by various evaluation metrics for image ***,the classification accuracy reaches an impressive 96%.Furthermore,the results of seismic facies classification in the seismic slice dimension provide further confirmation of the superior performance of our proposed method,which accurately defines the range of different seismic *** approach holds significant potential for analyzing geological patterns and extracting valuable depositional information.

关键词： Seismic facies interpretation Dilated convolution Spatial pyramid pooling Internal feature maps Compound loss function

A multi-mechanism numerical simulation model for CO_(2)-EOR and storage in fractured shale oil reservoirs

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petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1814-1828页

作者： Yuan-Zheng Wang Ren-Yi Cao Zhi-Hao Jia Bin-Yu Wang Ming Ma Lin-Song Cheng College of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China John&Willie Leone Department of Energy&Mineral engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park16802PA.USA

Under the policy background and advocacy of carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)-EOR has become a promising direction in the shale oil reservoir *** multi-scale pore structure distribution and fracture structure lead to complex multiphase flow,comprehensively considering multiple mechanisms is crucial for development and CO_(2) storage in fractured shale *** this paper,a multi-mechanism coupled model is developed by *** to the traditional Eclipse300 and MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox(MRST),this model considers the impact of pore structure on fluid phase behavior by the modified Peng—Robinson equation of state(PR-EOS),and the effect simultaneously radiate to Maxwell—Stefan(M—S)diffusion,stress sensitivity,the nano-confinement(NC)***,a modified embedded discrete fracture model(EDFM)is used to model the complex fractures,which optimizes connection types and half-transmissibility calculation approaches between non-neighboring connections(NNCs).The full implicit equation adopts the finite volume method(FVM)and Newton—Raphson iteration for discretization and *** model verification with the Eclipse300 and MRST is *** results show that the interaction between the mechanisms significantly affects the production performance and storage *** effect of molecular diffusion may be overestimated in oil-dominated(liquid-dominated)shale *** well spacing and injection gas rate are the most crucial factors affecting the production by sensitivity ***,the potential gas invasion risk is *** model provides a reliable theoretical basis for CO_(2)-EOR and sequestration in shale oil reservoirs.

关键词： CO_(2)-EOR CO_(2)storage Shale oil reservoir Complex fracture model Multiple mechanisms

Ligand effect in surface atomic sites of group VI B transition metals on ultrathin Pt nanowires for enhanced oxygen reduction

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5298-5304页

作者： Yuwei He Yueguang Chen Renjie Wu Zhihe Xiao Mengxian Li Chunfeng Shi Leyu Wang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource engineering College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Molecular and Process engineering SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.Beijing 100083China

Increasing the utilization efficiency of platinum is critical for advancing proton exchange-membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Despite extensive research on catalysts for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),developing highly active and durable Pt-based catalysts that can suppress surface dealloying in corrosive acid conditions remains ***,we report a facile synthesis of bimetallic ultrathin PtM(M=Mo,W,and Cr)nanowires(NWs)composed of group VI B transition metal atomic sites anchored on the *** NWs possess uniform sizes and well-controlled atomic *** to PtW and PtCr catalysts,the PtMo0.05 NWs exhibit the highest half-wave potential of 0.935 V and a mass activity of 1.43 A·mgPt^(−1).Remarkably,they demonstrate a remarkable 23.8-fold enhancement in mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C for ORR,surpassing previously reported Pt-based ***,the PtMo NWs cathode in membrane electrode assembly tests achieves a remarkable peak power density of 1.443 W·cm^(−2)(H_(2)-O_(2)conditions at 80℃),which is 1.09 times that of commercial Pt/*** ligand effect in the bimetallic surface not only facilitates strong coupling between Mo(4d)and Pt(5d)atomic orbitals to hinder atom leaching but also modulates the d-states of active site,significantly optimizing the adsorption of key oxygen(*O and*OH)species and accelerating the rate-determining step in ORR pathways.

关键词： ligand effect oxygen reduction reaction group VI B transition metal ultrathin nanowires multiple oxygen species

A novel profile modification HPF-Co gel satisfied with fractured low permeability reservoirs in high temperature and high salinity

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 683-693页

作者： Ya-Kai Li Ji-Rui Hou Wei-Peng Wu Ming Qu Tuo Liang Wei-Xin Zhong Yu-Chen Wen Hai-Tong Sun Yi-Nuo Pan china University of petroleum beijing Beijing102249China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield company Korla 841000XinjiangChina Key Laboratory of Improving Oil and Gas Recovery of Ministry of Education Northeast petroleum University Daqing 163318HeilongjiangChina Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065ShaanxiChina Northwest Oilfield company SINOPECUrumqi 830011XinjiangChina

Conformance control and water plugging are a widely used EOR method in mature ***,majority of conformance control and water plugging agents are unavoidable dehydrated situation in high-temperature and high-salinity low permeability ***,a novel conformance control system HPF-Co gel,based on high-temperature stabilizer(CoCl_(2)·H_(2)O,CCH)is *** HPF-Co bulk gel has better performances with high temperature(120℃)and high salinity(1×10^(5)mg/L).According to Sydansk coding system,the gel strength of HPF-Co with CCH is increased to code *** dehydration rate of HPF-Co gel is 32.0%after aging for 150 d at 120℃,showing excellent thermal *** rheological properties of HPF gel and HPF-Co gel are also *** results show that the storage modulus(G′)of HPF-Co gel is always greater than that of HPF *** effect of CCH on the microstructure of the gel is *** results show that the HPF-Co gel with CCH has a denser gel network,and the diameter of the three-dimensional network skeleton is 1.5-3.5μ*** 90 d of aging,HPF-Co gel still has a good three-dimensional *** spectroscopy results show that CCH forms coordination bonds with N and O atoms in the gel amide group,which can suppress the vibration of cross-linked sites and improve the stability at high *** core plugging test determines the optimized polymer gel injection strategy and injection velocity with HPF-Co bulk gel system,plugging rate exceeding 98%.Moreover,the results of subsequent waterflooding recovery can be improved by 17%.

关键词： Low permeability reservoir High-temperature resistant gel Complexation reaction Polymer gel injection strategy Plugging rate Enhanced oil recovery

Characteristics of proppant transport and placement within rough hydraulic fractures

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petroleum Exploration and Development 2024年第2期51卷 453-463页

作者： HUANG Hai ZHENG Yong WANG Yi WANG Haizhu NI Jun WANG Bin YANG Bing ZHANG Wentong School of petroleum engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an 710065China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration and Enhanced Oil Recovery Xi’an 710075China Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Well and Reservoir Seepage and Rock Mechanics Xi’an 710065China Oil&Gas Field Production construction Division PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla 841000China National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Shaanxi Yanchang petroleum(Group)Co. Ltd.Xi’an 710075China

A three-dimensional reconstruction of rough fracture surfaces of hydraulically fractured rock outcrops is carried out by casting process,a large-scale experimental setup for visualizing rough fractures is built to perform proppant transport *** typical characteristics of proppant transport and placement in rough fractures and its intrinsic mechanisms are investigated,and the influences of fracture inclination,fracture width and fracturing fluid viscosity on proppant transport and placement in rough fractures are *** results show that the rough fractures cause variations in the shape of the flow channel and the fluid flow pattern,resulting in the bridging buildup during proppant transport to form unfilled zone,the emergence of multiple complex flow patterns such as channeling,reverse flow and bypassing of sand-carrying fluid,and the influence on the stability of the sand *** proppant has a higher placement rate in inclined rough fractures,with a maximum increase of 22.16 percentage points in the experiments compared to vertical fractures,but exhibits poor stability of the sand *** fracture width aggravates the bridging of proppant and induces higher pumping *** the viscosity of the fracturing fluid can weaken the proppant bridging phenomenon caused by the rough fractures.

关键词： reservoir fracturing rough fracture proppant transport and placement characteristics bridging buildup

A semi-analytical model for coupled flow in stress-sensitive multi-scale shale reservoirs with fractal characteristics

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petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 327-342页

作者： Qian Zhang Wen-Dong Wang Yu-Liang Su Wei Chen Zheng-Dong Lei Lei Li Yong-Mao Hao Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil&Gas Development(china University of petroleum(East china)) Ministry of EducationQingdao266580ShandongChina School of petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580ShandongChina Shale Oil Development Branch Changqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaQingyang745708GansuChina Petrochina Research Institute of petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing100083China

A large number of nanopores and complex fracture structures in shale reservoirs results in multi-scale flow of oil. With the development of shale oil reservoirs, the permeability of multi-scale media undergoes changes due to stress sensitivity, which plays a crucial role in controlling pressure propagation and oil flow. This paper proposes a multi-scale coupled flow mathematical model of matrix nanopores, induced fractures, and hydraulic fractures. In this model, the micro-scale effects of shale oil flow in fractal nanopores, fractal induced fracture network, and stress sensitivity of multi-scale media are considered. We solved the model iteratively using Pedrosa transform, semi-analytic Segmented Bessel function, Laplace transform. The results of this model exhibit good agreement with the numerical solution and field production data, confirming the high accuracy of the model. As well, the influence of stress sensitivity on permeability, pressure and production is analyzed. It is shown that the permeability and production decrease significantly when induced fractures are weakly supported. Closed induced fractures can inhibit interporosity flow in the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). It has been shown in sensitivity analysis that hydraulic fractures are beneficial to early production, and induced fractures in SRV are beneficial to middle production. The model can characterize multi-scale flow characteristics of shale oil, providing theoretical guidance for rapid productivity evaluation.

关键词： Multi-scale coupled flow Stress sensitivity Shale oil Micro-scale effect Fractal theory

Biological sources, paleoenvironment, and organic matter enrichment in source rocks of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation, Ordos Basin, china:Evidence from biomarkers,microfossils, and inorganic geochemical analyses

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 92-115页

作者： Jing-Jing Cao Wen-Zhe Gang Shang-Ru Yang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Bejing)Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Bejing)Beijing 102249China Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute PetroChina Changqing Oifield CompanyXi'an 710018Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Carbonate deposits in the Ordovivian Majiagou Formation are significant source rocks for natural gas generation in the Ordos Basin, northwestern china. Previous studies mainly focused on the organic matter enrichment mechanism of shales rather than carbonate rocks. The biological sources and paleoenvironment of carbonate source rocks, and the main controlling factors of organic matter enrichment in the carbonate source rocks were studied in this paper in combination with evidence from biomarkers, microfossils and inorganic geochemistry analysis. The results show that four types of microfacies were identified in the Majiagou Formation, respectively as: mud flat microfacies, mud-dolomite flat microfacies, dolomite flat microfacies, and open marine microfacies. The biological sources of organic matter are chiefly planktonic algae, followed by bacteria. The mud flat and mud-dolomite flat contain a high abundance of terrigenous detrital inputs, as indicated by the high content of Al_(2)O_(3), TiO_(2), Th, and Zr. The low Sr/Cu and high Rb/Sr values reveal warm and humid paleoclimate conditions in the mud flat and mud-dolomite flat, whereas the dolomite flat and open marine were likely formed in hot and arid paleoclimate conditions. The mud flat and mud-dolomite flat deposits were characterized by high paleoproductivity of the Majiagou Formation. Low Sr/Ba values were found in the mud flat samples, indicating fresh to brackish water condition, whereas samples of other facies have a relatively high degree of salinity. Based on U_(auth), Mo_(auth), Cr_(auth), Co_(auth), δCe, and δEu values, the mud flat microfacies was formed in a suboxic and anoxic environment, whereas the mud-dolomite flat, dolomite flat and open marine microfacies were within dysoxic to oxic conditions. A model of organic matter enrichment in the Majiagou Formation is thus established. The level of terrigenous detrital inputs is the principal factor of organic matter enrichment in the Majiagou Formation,

关键词： Biological source Microfacies Trace elements Organic matter Majiagou Formation Ordos Basin

Identifying the real fracture hidden in rock microcrack zone by acoustic emission energy

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第6期34卷 731-746页

作者： Yuekun Xing Bingxiang Huang Guangqing Zhang Binghong Li Hang Xu Xuejie Jiao Yang Yu Taisen Han Jinlong Chen State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing 102249China

Identifying the real fracture of rock hidden in acoustic emission(AE)source clusters(AE-depicted microcrack zone)remains challenging and *** we revealed the AE energy(representing dissipated energy)distribution rule in the rock microcrack zone and proposed an AE-energy-based method for identifying the real fracture.(1)A set of fracture experiments were performed on granite using wedgeloading,and the fracture process was detected and recorded by *** microcrack zone associated with the energy dissipation was characterized by AE sources and energy distribution,utilizing our selfdeveloped AE analysis program(RockAE).(2)The accumulated AE energy,an index representing energy dissipation,across the AE-depicted microcrack zone followed the normal distribution model(the mean and variance relate to the real fracture path and the microcrack zone width).This result implies that the nucleation and coalescence of massive cracks(i.e.,real fracture generation process)are supposed to follow a normal distribution.(3)Then,we obtained the real fracture extension path by joining the peak positions of the AE energy normal distribution curve at different cross-sections of the microcrack ***,we distinguished between the microcrack zone and the concealed real fracture within *** deviation was validated as slight as 1–3 mm.

关键词： GeoEnergy exploitation Rock fracture Fracture identification Acoustic emission AE energy analysis