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Sludge co.position and characteristics shaped microbial co.munity and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 96-107页

作者： Wei Liu Chenxiang Sun Wei Li Tianle Li Zhan Chen Jiawei Wang Zhengran Ren Xianghua Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Jinneng Holding group DatongShanxi 037000China Research and Development Center Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100124China Beijing Dabeinong Science and Technology group co. Ltd.Beijing 100080China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment,while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge co.position and characteristics on microbial co.munity and performance.The sludge physiochemical indices,microbial co.munity and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized,and their relationships was elucidated.The four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR)but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups,namely superior group(SupG) and the inferior group (Inf G).In both groups,TH effectively solubilized particulate organic co.pounds,meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH_(4)^(+)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) co.centration.co.pared with the Sup G,thermal hydrolyzed sludge of Inf G had higher level of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and total chemical oxygen demand (t co.),which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes,leading to a co.munity with lower diversity,lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild,higher protein degrading one,and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates,and further declined the methane production rate.Thus,it was reco.mended that OLR alone was not sufficient for co.trolling the system in design and operation,the co.centration of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and t co. should be equally co.sidered.Their higher co.centration,together with the higher abundance of Defluviitoga and Proteiniphilum were reco.mended as indicators for inferior running co.dition.Our results proposed that microbial co.munities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance,provided implications for engineering eco.ogy and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis Anaerobic digestion Microbial co.munity Full-scale

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Tungsten separation behavior on preparation of high-purity cerium by co.bined vacuum gravity sedimentation-directional solidification

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1182-1186,I0007页

作者： Dongwei Zhang Wenli Lu Minglei Xu Dehong Chen Xiaowei Zhang Chuang Yu Wensheng Yang Ruifeng Dong Zhiqiang Wang Liguo Han Zengdong Pang GRIREM Hi-Tech co. Ltd.Langfang065201China National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth China GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing100088China GRIREM Advanced Materials co. Ltd.Beijing100088China

In light of the difficult removal of harmful impurity tungsten(W)in Ce metal,in this paper a co.bined vacuum gravity sedimentation-directional solidification method was innovatively designed and the W separation behavior was investigated.By reducing the electron beam power instantly and gradually at reduction rates of 1,3 and 5 kW/min,it is found that W is enriched at the bottom of ingots as the melt solidifies.The enrichment effect is much better than that of single purification method and the enrichment degree increases as the beam reduction rate decreases,attributed to the k0(W)>1 andρ(W)>ρ(Ce).Overall,the minimum co.tent of W impurity can decrease from 630 to 0.1 ppm at the top of the ingot,and the purity of Ce increases from 99.932 wt%to 99.995 wt%by this co.bined method.Additionally,this paper provides a new method for the removal of high density and low evaporation co.fficient impurities in low vapor pressure rare earth metals.

关键词： Cerium Electron beam melting Directional solidification Gravity sedimentation Rare earths

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Challenges and Opportunities of Sub-6 GHz Integrated Sensing and co.munications for 5G-Advanced and Beyond

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第2期33卷 323-325页

作者： Yuhong HUANG china Mobile Research Institute china Mobile co.munications group co. Ltd

The integrated sensing and co.munications(ISAC) technology has been perceived as a key feature of5G-Advanced and beyond mobile co.munication networks. co.pared with sensing in millimeter-wave bands, sensing at sub-6 GHz band is an exceptional incentive to promote the industrialization process of ISAC due to its inco.parable advantages in industrial development, especially for intelligent transportation and smart drone networks. This paper elaborates on the top challenges of sub-6 GHz ISAC technologies, as well as the potential solutions to improve the sensing capability.

关键词： 5G-Advanced and beyond Integrated sensing and co.munications Sub-6 GHz Intelligent transportation Smart drone networks

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Hydration Behavior and Cementitious Properties of Calcium Carbonate-aluminate Minerals co.posite

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2024年第1期39卷 126-133页

作者：王冲周帅 ZOU Luyao LIU Jiawen ZHENG Yalin co.lege of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China china West co.struction group co. Ltd.Chengdu 610015China

The purpose of this research is to investigate the hydration behavior and cementitious properties of the mixture of calcium carbonate and aluminate, and to explore whether it can be adopted as a new low-carbon cementitious material. The co.posite system of calcium carbonate and aluminate minerals is studied by measuring the co.ponent of hydration products, the hydration heat, setting time and co.pressive strength.The results prove that the co.posite system has certain cementitious properties and is feasible to prepare new low-carbon cement.

关键词： limestone hydrated calcium carboaluminate cementitious properties mechanical properties

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Fabricating functionally graded Fe-Cr-co.permanent magnetic alloys via laser powder bed fusion

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第3期31卷 729-737页

作者： Ya-zhou He Ya-qing Hou Peng Shen Hao Zhang Dong Zhou Hang Su Central Iron and Steel Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China Material Digital R&D Center China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)in-situ alloying technology offers the possibility to co.struct gradient materials with varied structures and properties.Functionally graded Fe-Cr-co.permanent magnetic alloys were fabricated by LPBF and in-situ alloying mixed powders of Fe,Cr,and co.elements.The effects of different Fe,Cr and co.co.tents on the microstructure,magnetic properties and hardness of Fe-Cr-co.alloys prepared by LPBF were studied.The as-built Fe-Cr-co.alloys present a single body-centered-cubic phase and have a homogeneous distribution of elements.The mechanical properties and magnetic properties of the co.positionally graded sample show a gradient variation.With the increase in Cr co.tent,the Vickers hardness of the sample increases,and the saturation magnetization of the sample decreases.The optimal magnetic properties in an isotropic state are given as co.rcivity HcB=21.65 kA/m,remanence Br=0.70 T and energy product(BH)_(max)=5.35 kJ/m^(3),which are co.parable to or higher than the reported magnetic properties in an isotropic state prepared by traditional powder metallurgy.LPBF in-situ alloying technology has the potential to further explore Fe-Cr-co.magnetic materials,such as those co.sisting of multiple or more co.stituent elements,and to maximize the co.positional flexibility of magnetic materials.

关键词： Fe-Cr-co.alloy Laser powder bed fusion In-situ alloying Functional material Magnetic property

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Atomistic mechanism of high ionic co.ductivity in lithium ytterbium-based halide solid electrolytes:A first-principles study

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 155-162,I0006页

作者： Limin Wang Wei Xiao Lu Sun Rong Yang Jinqiu Yu Ligen Wang State Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals and Processes China GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing100088China GRIMAT Engineering Institute co. Ltd.Beijing101407China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088China china Automotive Battery Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing101407China Rare Earth Functional Materials(Xiong'an)Innovation Center co. Ltd.Xiong'an071700China

As the next generation of co.mercial automotive power batteries begins replacing liquid lithium batteries,many look towards all-solid-state batteries to pioneer the future.All-so lid-state batteries have attracted the attention of co.ntless researchers around the world because of their high safety and high energy density.In recent times,halide solid-state electrolytes have beco.e a research hotspot within solid-state electrolytes because of their potentially superior properties.In this paper,in the framework of DFT,we investigated the atomic mechanisms of improving the ionic co.ductivity and stability of Li_(3)YbCl_(6).Our calculations show that both trigonal and orthorhombic Li_(3)YbCl_(6) exhibit wide electrochemical windows and metastable properties(100 meV/atom>Ehull>0 meV/atom).However,the orthorhombic Li_(3)YbCl_(6) can be stabilized at high temperatures by taking the vibrational entropy into acco.nt,which is supported by the experimental results.Moreover,it is expected that because of the Yb/Li synergistic interactions that,due to their strong mutual co.lomb repulsion,influence the Li^(+)transport behavior,the orthorhombic Li_(3)YbCl_(6) might have superior ionic co.ductivities with appropriate Li+migration paths determined by the Yb^(3+) distribution.Also,higher ionic co.ductivities can be obtained by regulating the random distribution of Li^(+) ions.Further Li^(+)-deficiency can also largely increase the ionic co.ductivity by invoking vacancies.This study helps gain a deeper understanding of the laws that govern ionic co.ductivities and stabilities and provides a certain theoretical reference for the experimental development and design of halide solid-state electrolytes.

关键词： Halide solid-state electrolytes Phase stability Ionic co.ductivity First-principles calculations Rare earths

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Solidification behaviour and hot cracking susceptibility of a novel Ni-based superalloy

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第4期31卷 956-966页

作者： Yue Chen Shao-min Lv Xing-fei Xie Xiao-can Wen Jng-long Qu Jin-hui Du High-Temperature Materials Institute China Iron and Steel Research Institute Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100081China Beijing GAONA Materials and Technology co. Ltd.Beijing 100081China Sichuan CISRI-GAONA Forging co. Ltd.Deyang 610000SichuanChina

A novel Ni-based superalloy GH4151,with a γ′ volume fraction of about 55%and a service temperature capability up to 8oo oC,was investigated.Due to the different co.ling co.ditions of various regions during the solidification of ingots,significant co.ling rate variations may lead to the occurrence of hot cracking.co.ventional scanning laser microsco.e was utilised to investigate the solidification process and phase precipitation behaviour of the GH4151 under wide range co.ling rates.The characteristics of L→γ transformation were analysed,and the growth rates of at each stage were calculated.The segregation behaviour was predicted using the Scheil equation,and the predicted results match well with the experimental results.The sensitivity co.fficient for hot cracking was modified,and cracking sensitivity co.fficient values for the alloy under different co.ling rates were co.puted,revealing that the alloy is most susceptible to hot cracking at 10℃/min co.ling rate.Therefore,co.trolling the co.ling rate can reduce the possibility of hot cracking in ingot.

关键词： Ni-based superalloy Solidification behaviour In-situ observation Clyne and Davies's criterion:Hot cracking susceptibility

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Road sub-surface defect detection based on gprMax forward simulation-sample generation and Swin Transformer-YOLOX

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 334-349页

作者： Longjian LI Li YANG Zhongyu HAO Xiaoli SUN Gongfa CHEN School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China JSTI group Guizhou Engineering Survey and Design co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510800China Guangzhou Municipal Engineering Testing co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510520China

Training samples for deep learning networks are typically obtained through various field experiments,which require significant manpower,resource and time co.sumption.However,it is possible to utilize simulated data to augment the training samples.In this paper,by co.paring the actual experimental model with the simulated model generated by the gprMax[1]forward simulation method,the feasibility of obtaining simulated samples through gprMax simulation is validated.Subsequently,the samples generated by gprMax forward simulation are used for training the network to detect objects in existing real samples.At the same time,aiming at the detection and intelligent reco.nition of road sub-surface defects,the Swin-YOLOX algorithm is introduced,and the excellence of the detection network,which is improved by augmenting the simulated samples with real samples,is further verified.By co.paring the prediction performance of the object detection models,it is observed that the model trained with mixed samples achieved a recall of 94.74%and a mean average precision(maP)of 97.71%,surpassing the model trained only on real samples by 12.95%and 15.64%,respectively.The feasibility and excellence of training the model with mixed samples are co.firmed.The potential of using a fusion of simulated and existing real samples instead of repeatedly acquiring new real samples by field experiment is demonstrated by this study,thereby improving detection efficiency,saving resources,and providing a new approach to the problem of multiple interpretations in ground penetrating radar(GPR)data.

关键词： ground penetrating radar gprMax forward modeling sample generation Swin-YOLOX object detection

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Hydrogen and nitrogen absorption properties of Ce-added Zr_(2)(Fe_(1-x)Ni_(x)) alloys

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1136-1141,I0005页

作者： Kai Yin Xiaopeng Liu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing10088China GRIMAT Engineering Institute co. Ltd.Beijing101407China General Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088China

To improve the nitriding resistance of Zr_(2)Fe alloy,the Ce-added Zr_(2)(Fe_(1-x)Ni_(x))(x=0,0.15,0.3,0.5)alloys were prepared by magnetic levitation melting method.The effects of Ni substitution for Fe on the phase structure,hydrogen and nitrogen absorption properties of the alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microsco.y and p-c isotherm measurements.The experimental results show that Ni substitution can effectively inhibit the formation of both α-Zr and ZrFe_(2) phases and promote the formation of C16 structure Zr_(2)(Fe,Ni)phase,causing Ni-substituted alloys to exhibit low nitrogen absorption rate and capacity.At 623 K under 0.5 MPa nitrogen pressure,the nitrogen absorption capacity of Ce-added Zr_(2)(Fe_(0.5)Ni_(0.5))alloy reaches to 0.8 mL/g,much lower than that of Zr_(2)Fe alloy(1.5 mL/g).Ni substitution decreases the crystal cell volume of the C_(16)Zr_(2)(Fe,Ni)phase,resulting in an increase in the hydrogen absorption equilibrium pressure.At 623 K under 0.05 MPa hydrogen pressure,the hydrogen absorption capacity decreases from 1.46 wt%of Zr_(2)Fe alloy to 1.41 wt%of Ce-added Zr_(2)(Fe_(0.5)Ni_(0.5))alloy.

关键词： Zr_(2)Fe alloy Ce Pressure-co.position isotherm Hydrogen absorption Nitrogen absorption Rare earths

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Optimal Scheduling of Regional Integrated Energy Systems co.sidering Hybrid Demand Response

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 1208-1219页

作者： Ganyun Lyu Bin Cao Dexiang Jia Nan Wang Jun Li Guangyu Chen Department of Electrical Engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing 211167China State Grid Energy Research Institute co. LTDBeijing 102209China State Grid Integrated Energy Service group co. LTDBeijing 100032China IEEE CSEE

Flexible load can optimize the load curve,which is an important means to promote renewable energy co.sumption.The peculiarities of electricity,heat,co.ling and gas loads are analyzed in this paper,co.sidering the fuzzy degree of human perception for water temperature,and the characteristic model of hot water load is established.co.sidering the fuzzy degree of human perception of ambient temperature,the characteristic model of co.ling load is established by using PMV and PPD index.Meanwhile,co.sidering four co.binations of cut load,translatable load,transferable load and alternative load,and co.sidering the co.pling relationship of co.posite parts,different response models of load are established respectively.With the minimum co.t of the system,including operation and co.pensation co.ts as the objective function,the optimization scheduling model of the regional integrated energy system is established,and the Gurobi solver is used for simulation analysis to solve the optimal output and load response curve of each piece of equipment.The results show that the load curve can be optimized,the flexible regulation ability of the regional integrated energy system can be enhanced,the energy loss of the system can be reduced,and the wind power co.sumption ability of the system can be increased by co.sidering the integrated demand response.

关键词： Alternative load day ahead optimal scheduling integrated demand response PMV and PPD index regional integrated energy system

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