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Root cause of co.rosion failure of tin co.ting on wire clamp in marine atmosphere

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第4期31卷 998-1014页

作者： Zhen Zhong Wang-yan Ly Teng-yuan Liu Yi Xie Yang Yang Zhen-zhu Wang Deng-ke Li Xiao-bo Li Tang-qing Wu School of Materials Science and engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105HunanChina electric power Research Institute of Guangdong power Grid co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510080GuangdongChina Shenyang National L aboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina School of Materials Science and engineering.University of Science and Technology of china Shenyang 110016LiaoningChina electric power Research Institute State Grid Hunan Electric Power CompanyChangsha 410007HunanChina School of Mechanical engineering and Mechanics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105HunanChina School of Information Science and engineering Changsha Normal UniversityChangsha 410199HunanChina

The failure cause of a tinned co.per wire clamp in marine atmosphere was studied systematically by X-ray photoelectron spectrosco.y,scanning electron microsco.y with energy dispersive spectrosco.y and electrochemical *** main co.ponents of the green rust on the surface of the damaged wire clamp are SnO_(2),CuO,Cu_(2)Cl(OH)_(3) and Cuco.OH)_(2).Much of green rust distributes at the platform edge along the axial direction on the crimp co.nection,and severe co.rosion and co.rosion pits occur at the platform edge zone along the axial *** enriching Cl-at the marine atmosphere and the existing O_(2) in air co.lectively enhance the co.rosion process of the tin co.ting and the co.per *** element model results show that the residual stress and strain of the tin co.ting are the largest at the platform edge along the axial direction on the crimp co.nection,and the co.responding electrode potential of the tin co.ting at this zone drops *** above results indicate that the residual strain increases the driving force of the co.rosion electrochemical reactions and accelerates the co.rosion rate and the pit co.rosion of the tin co.ting at this zone.

关键词： Tin co.ting Marine atmosphere Residual strain-Chloride ion co.rosion failure

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In situ synthesis of porous Pt-Pd bimetallic structures for sweat gluco.e biosensing using dynamic hydrogen bubble template method

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3408-3414页

作者： Yi-Wen Guo Qian-Hui Wei Fei Wei Hao Liu Hong-Bin Zhao Dong Wang Hai-Ling Tu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing China GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100088China Department of Advanced Electronic Materials GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co.Ltd.Beijing 101407China General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China GRINM(Guangdong)Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology Foshan 528000China School of Chemical engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin 132012China

For the practical application of sweat gluco.e biosensors,it is crucial to develop a method for modifying the working electrode with noble metals that ensures strong *** this study,we synthesized porous Pt-Pd bimetall... 详细信息

关键词： method bubble porous

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Effect of the grain boundary character distribution on the sulfur co.rosion behaviour and mechanisms of co.per windings under different high temperatures

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High Voltage 2024年第3期9卷 566-580页

作者： Xu Dai Yuan Yuan Jiang Zhou Guoyong Liu Tao Zhu Huiying Xiang Qi Yu Xue Gao Ruijin Liao State Key Laboratory of power Transmission Equipment&System Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina co.lege of Materials Science and engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina Dongfang electric Machinery co. LtdDeyangChina

As a typical failure phenomenon in transformers,sulfur co.rosion has garnered significant attention in the field of high-voltage *** boundary character distribution(GBCD)co.per windings have been introduced to enhance sulfur co.rosion resistance by slowing down intergranular *** this study,the sulfur co.rosion behaviour and mechanisms of the GBCD co.per windings under various temperatures were experi-mentally and theoretically *** show that GBCD can enhance the co.rosion resistance of co.per in liquid *** the increase in temperatures,the insulating properties of oil and papers in traditional co.per windings experience notable degradation,while GBCD co.per windings show more stable insulating *** addition,modelling of grain boundary energy indicates that the grain boundary structure of GBCD co.per windings has a lower average interface energy of 0.170 eV/Å***-culations of reaction thermodynamics show that GBCD co.per windings possess a higher failure temperature(135.2℃)and inhibition degree(activation energy)of the sulfur co.rosion(32,557.62 J/mol),revealing the stability and enhanced sulfur co.rosion resis-tance at elevated temperatures.

关键词： co.rosion grain co.per

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Dynamic Eco.omic Scheduling with Self-Adaptive Uncertainty in Distribution Network Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

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energy engineering 2024年第6期121卷 1671-1695页

作者： Guanfu Wang Yudie Sun Jinling Li Yu Jiang Chunhui Li Huanan Yu He Wang Shiqiang Li State Grid Liaoning electric power co. Ltd.Liaoyang Power Supply CompanyLiaoyang111000China Key Laboratory of Modern power System Simulation and co.trol&Renewable energy Technology Ministry of Education(Northeast Electric Power University)Jilin132012China Jilin Northeast electric power University Science and Technology Development co. Ltd.Jilin132012China

Traditional optimal scheduling methods are limited to accurate physical models and parameter settings, which aredifficult to adapt to the uncertainty of source and load, and there are problems such as the inability to make dynamicdecisions co.tinuously. This paper proposed a dynamic eco.omic scheduling method for distribution networksbased on deep reinforcement learning. Firstly, the eco.omic scheduling model of the new energy distributionnetwork is established co.sidering the action characteristics of micro-gas turbines, and the dynamic schedulingmodel based on deep reinforcement learning is co.structed for the new energy distribution network system with ahigh proportion of new energy, and the Markov decision process of the model is defined. Seco.dly, Seco.d, for thechanging characteristics of source-load uncertainty, agents are trained interactively with the distributed networkin a data-driven manner. Then, through the proximal policy optimization algorithm, agents adaptively learn thescheduling strategy and realize the dynamic scheduling decision of the new energy distribution network ***, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method are verified by an improved IEEE 33-node simulationsystem.

关键词： Self-adaptive the uncertainty of sources and load deep reinforcement learning dynamic eco.omic scheduling

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Automatic Generation co.trol in a Distributed power Grid Based on Multi-step Reinforcement Learning

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Protection and co.trol of Modern power Systems 2024年第4期9卷 39-50页

作者： Wenmeng Zhao Tuo Zeng Zhihong Liu Lihui Xie Lei Xi Hui Ma the electric power Research Institute Southern Power GridGuangzhou 510663China the Heyuan power Supply Bureau Guang-dong Power Grid Co.Ltd.Heyuan 517000China the co.lege of electrical engineering&New energy China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China the co.lege of electrical engineering&New energy and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Operation and co.trol of Cascaded Hydropower Station China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China IEEE

The increasing use of renewable energy in the power system results in strong stochastic disturbances and degrades the co.trol performance of the distributed power *** this paper,a novel multi-agent co.laborative reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed with automatic optimization,namely,Dyna-DQL,to quickly achieve an optimal co.rdination solution for the multi-area distributed power *** proposed Dyna framework is co.bined with double Q-learning to co.lect and store the environmental *** can iteratively update the agents through buffer replay and real-time *** the environmental data can be fully used to enhance the learning speed of the *** mitigates the negative impact of heavy stochastic disturbances caused by the integration of renewable energy on the co.trol *** are co.ducted on two different models to validate the effectiveness of the proposed *** results demonstrate that the proposed Dyna-DQL algorithm exhibits superior stability and robustness co.pared to other reinforcement learning algorithms.

关键词： Automatic generation co.trol Dyna framework distributed power grid multi-agent mod-el-based reinforcement learning

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Research on Transmission Line Tower Tilting and Foundation State Monitoring Technology Based onMulti-Sensor co.perative Detection and co.rection

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energy engineering 2024年第1期121卷 169-185页

作者： Guangxin Zhang Minghui Liu Shichao Cheng Minzhen Wang Changshun Zhao Hongdan Zhao Gaiming Zhong co.lege of Science and Technology(CST) Ningbo UniversityNingbo315000China Dadong power Supply co.pany State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co.Ltd.Dandong118000China Dalian power Supply co.pany State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co.Ltd.Dalian116000China Yanbian power Supply co.pany State Grid Jilin Electric Power Co.Ltd.Yanji133000China Liaoyuan power Supply co.pany State Grid Jilin Electric Power Co.Ltd.Liaoyuan136200China

The transmission line tower will be affected by bad weather and artificial subsidence caused by the foundation and other factors in the power *** tower’s tilt and severe deformation will cause the building to *** small changes caused the tower’s co.lapse,but the early staff often co.ld not intuitively notice the changes in the tower’s *** the current tower online monitoring system,terminal equipment often needs to replace batteries frequently due to premature exhaustion of *** to the need for real-time measurement of power line tower,this research designed a real-time monitoring device monitoring the transmission tower attitude tilting and foundation state based on the inertial sensor,the acceleration of 3 axis inertial sensor and angular velocity raw data to pole average filtering pre-processing,and then through the co.plementary filtering algorithm for co.prehensive calculation of tilt angle,the system meets the demand for inclined online monitoring of power line poles and towers regarding measurement accuracy,with low co.t and power *** optimization multi-sensor co.perative detection and co.rection measured tilt angle result relative accuracy can reach 1.03%,which has specific promotion and application value since the system has the advantages of unattended and efficient calculation.

关键词： Transmission line tower tilting multi-sensor foundation state monitoring co.laborative detection

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A Distributed Photovoltaics Ordering Grid-co.nected Method for Analyzing Voltage Impact in Radial Distribution Networks

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energy engineering 2024年第10期121卷 2937-2959页

作者： Cuiping Li Kunqi Gao Can Chen Junhui Li Xiaoxiao Wang Yinchi Shao Xingxu Zhu Key Laboratory of Modern power System Simulation and co.trol&Renewable energy Technology Ministry of Education(Northeast Electric Power University)Jilin132012China State Grid Jibei electric power co. Ltd.Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing100045China

In recent years,distributed photovoltaics(DPV)has ushered in a good development situation due to the advantages of pollution-free power generation,full utilization of the ground or roof of the installation site,and balancing a large number of loads ***,under the background of a large-scale DPV grid-co.nected to the co.nty distribution network,an effective analysis method is needed to analyze its impact on the voltage of the distribution network in the early development stage of ***,a DPV orderly grid-co.nected method based on photovoltaics grid-co.nected order degree(PGOD)is *** method aims to orderly analyze the change of voltage in the distribution network when large-scale DPV will be ***,based on the voltagemagnitude sensitivity(VMS)index of the photovoltaics permitted grid-co.nected node and the acceptance of grid-co.nected node(AoGCN)index of other nodes in the network,thePGODindex is co.structed to determine the photovoltaics permitted grid-co.nected node of the current photovoltaics grid-co.nected state ***,a photovoltaics orderly grid-co.nected model with a co.tinuous updating state is co.structed to obtain an orderly DPV grid-co.nected *** simulation results illustrate that the photovoltaics grid-co.nected order determined by this method based on PGOD can effectively analyze the voltage impact of large-scale photovoltaics grid-co.nected,and explore the internal factors and characteristics of the impact.

关键词： Radial distribution network distributed photovoltaics photovoltaics grid-co.nected order degree electrical distance photovoltaics action area

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Two-Stage Planning of Distributed power Supply and energy Storage Capacity co.sidering Hierarchical Partition co.trol of Distribution Network with Source-Load-Storage

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energy engineering 2024年第9期121卷 2389-2408页

作者： Junhui Li Yuqing Zhang Can Chen Xiaoxiao Wang Yinchi Shao Xingxu Zhu Cuiping Li Key Laboratory of Modern power System Simulation and co.trol&Renewable energy Technology Ministry of Education(Northeast Electric Power University)Jilin132012China State Grid Jibei electric power co. Ltd.Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing100045China

Aiming at the co.sumption problems caused by the high proportion of renewable energy being co.nected to the distribution network,it also aims to improve the power supply reliability of the power system and reduce the operating co.ts of the power *** paper proposes a two-stage planning method for distributed generation and energy storage systems that co.siders the hierarchical partitioning of ***,an electrical distance structural index that co.prehensively co.siders active power output and reactive power output is proposed to divide the distributed generation voltage regulation domain and determine the access location and number of distributed power ***,a two-stage planning is carried out based on the zoning *** the phase 1 distribution network-zoning optimization layer,the network loss is minimized so that the node voltage in the area does not exceed the limit,and the distributed generation co.figuration results are initially determined;in phase 2,the partition-node optimization layer is planned with the goal of eco.omic optimization,and the distance-based improved ant lion algorithm is used to solve the problem to obtain the optimal distributed generation and energy storage ***,the IEEE33 node systemwas used for *** results showed that the voltage quality was significantly improved after optimization,and the overall revenue increased by about 20.6%,verifying the effectiveness of the two-stage planning.

关键词： Zoning co.trol two-stage planning site selection and capacity determination optimized scheduling improved ant lion algorithm

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FaultMonitoring Strategy for PV System Based on I-V Feature Library

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energy engineering 2024年第3期121卷 643-660页

作者： Huaxing Zhao Yanbo Che Gang Wen Yijing Chen School of electrical and Information engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin300000China State Grid Shuozhou electric power Supply co.pany Shuozhou036000China china Huaneng Clean energy Research lnstitute Technology co. Ltd.Beijing102209China

Long-term use in challenging natural co.ditions is possible for photovoltaic modules,which are extremely prone to *** to diagnose and address faults in Photovoltaic(PV)power systems in a timely manner can cause permanent damage to PV modules and,in more serious cases,***,research into photovoltaic module defect detection techniques is crucial for the growth of the photovoltaic sector as well as for maintaining national eco.omic prosperity and ensuring public *** the drawbacks of the current real-time and historical data-based methods for monitoring distributed PV systems,this paper proposes a method for monitoring PV systems at the module or string level that can be achieved by monitoring only electrical *** approach doesn’t need a lot of tests to get the operational data of PV modules beforehand and only requires theoretical feature libraries of PV modules through panel parameter *** present operating co.ditions and the open-circuit and short-circuit faults can be precisely identified by co.paring the observed open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current with the co.responding data in the theoretical feature *** that,by co.paring the measured maximum power point voltage and current with the co.responding data in the theoretical feature library through the threshold method,aging and shadowing faults can be accurately *** testing was done to see whether the suggested method was *** results show that the proposed technique is able to diagnose open-circuit faults,short-circuit faults,aging faults,and shadowing faults with shadow occlusion above 20%.

关键词： PV system lambert W function threshold method

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The Effects of Thickness and Location of PCMon the Building’s Passive Temperature-co.trol–A Numerical Study

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energy engineering 2024年第3期121卷 681-702页

作者： Zhengrong Shi JieRen Tao Zhang Yanming Shen co.lege of energy and Mechanical engineering Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai201306China Research and Development Center Heatmate New Energy Technology Co.Ltd.Shanghai200090China Shanghai Non-Carbon energy co.version and Utilization Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Building energy co.sumption and building carbon emissions both acco.nt for more than 20%of their total national values in *** employing phase change material(PCM)for passive temperature co.trol shows a promising prospect in meeting the co.fort demand and reducing energy co.sumption ***,there is a lack of more detailed research on the interaction between the location and thickness of PCM and indoor natural co.vection,as well as indoor temperature *** this study,the numerical model of a passive temperature-co.trolled building integrating the developed PCM module is established with the help of *** which,the actual weather co.dition of Beijing city is set as the boundary co.ditions and the indoor natural co.vection is simulated with the co.sideration of radiation *** effects of PCM’s thickness and location on the internal temperature field are analyzed and *** results show that the room co.ld maintain within the human co.fort temperature range with the longest ratio of 94.10%and the shortest ratio of 51.04%as integrating *** co.parison,the value is only 26.70%without *** room’s maximum temperature fluctuation can also be improved;it co.ld be lowered by 64.4%co.pared to the normal *** the quantity of PCM is sufficient,further increasing the PCM amount results in a temperature fluctuation reduction of less than 0.1°C and does not increase the co.fort *** PCM on the wall induces an apparent variation in indoor temperature along the vertical ***,placing PCM on the roof can lead to a heat transfer rate difference of up to seven *** optimal placement of PCM depends on the difference between the environmental and phase change *** the difference is positive,placing PCM on the roof is more effective;co.versely,the opposite *** to the results over the entire cycle,PCM application on vertical walls yields better *** significant diffe

关键词： Phase change materials passive temperature regulation numerical simulation temperature field

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