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Preparation of high-purity straight silicon nanowires by molten salt electrolysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第1期29卷 171-179,I0006页

作者： Jie Zhang Sheng Fang Xiaopeng Qi Zhanglong Yu Zhaohui Wu Juanyu Yang Shigang Lu General research institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China china automotive battery research institute co. LtdBeijing 100088China

Silicon nanowires of high purity and regular morphology are of prime importance to ensure high specific capacities of lithium-ion batteries and reproducible electrode assembly *** nickel formate as a metal catalyst precursor,straight silicon nanowires(65–150 nm in diameter)were directly prepared by electrolysis from the Ni/SiO2 porous pellets with 0.8 wt%nickel content in molten CaCl2 at 900℃.Benefiting from their straight appearance and high purity,the silicon nanowires therefore offered an initial coulombic efficiency of 90.53% and specific capacity of 3377 m Ah/*** addition,the silicon nanowire/carbon composite exhibited excellent cycle performance,retaining 90.38%of the initial capacity after 100 *** further study on the charge storage performance is still ongoing,these preliminary results demonstrate that nickel formate is an efficient and effective metal catalyst precursor for catalytic preparation of high purity straight silicon nanowires via the molten salt electrolysis,which is suitable for large-scale production.

关键词： Silicon nanowires Electrochemical reduction Silicon dioxide Nickel formate

A high-performance lithium anode based on N-doped composite graphene

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1030-1036页

作者： Can Jiao Hao-Bo Sun Li Zhang Shang-Qian Zhao Guo-Yao Pang Chun-Rong Zhao Shi-Gang Lu General research institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088China china automotive battery research institute co.ltd Beijing101407China

Lithium(Li)metal is the most promising electrode for next-gene ration rechargeable *** order to push the commercialization of the lithium metal batteries,a kind of nitrogen(N)-doped composite graphene(NCG)adopted as the Li plating host was prepared to regulate Li metal nucleation and suppress dendrite ***,a new kind of sandwich-type composite lithium metal(STCL)electrode was developed to improve its *** STCL electrode can be used as convenient as a piece of Li foil but no dendrite *** a symmetric battery,the STCL electrode cycled for more than 4500 h with the overpotential of less than 40 *** due to the creative design,the STCL promises the Li-S battery with a prolonged cycling lifespan.

关键词： Lithium metal anode Lithiophilic N-doped composite graphene Sandwich-type composite lithium metal electrode

Electrochemical properties of high-loading sulfur–carbon materials prepared by in situ generation method

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Rare Metals 2023年第11期42卷 3877-3885页

作者： Can Jiao Chun-Rong Zhao Li Zhang Shang-Qian Zhao Guo-Yao Pang Hao-Bo Sun Shi-Gang Lu General research institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088China china automotive battery research institute co.ltd Beijing101407China

A high sulfur content sulfur–carbon composite was synthesized via in situ generation method in aqueous *** the sulfur loading is up to 90%,the electrode still exhibits good cycling performance with a reversible capacity of about 623 mAh·g^(-1)after 100 *** further commercialize the Li–S battery,understanding the capacity degradation mechanism is very essential,especially with a high sulfur loading *** achieve this goal,the electrochemical performance of the high sulfur loading electrode was studied,and the structure change of the electrode after cycling was also examined by ex situ scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and other *** result shows that the Li_(2)S_(2)and Li_(2)S inhomogeneous precipitation contributes to the majority capacity fading of the high sulfur loading Li–S cells.

关键词： High loading Sulfur–carbon materials Electrochemical performance Capacity fading Lithium–sulfur battery

Failure analysis of pouch-type Li–O2 batteries with superior energy density

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第6期29卷 74-82,I0004页

作者： Shangqian Zhao Li Zhang Gangning Zhang Haobo Sun Juanyu Yang Shigang Lu china automotive battery research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 101407China General research institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China

Li–O2 batteries have attracted significant interest in the past decade owing to their superior high specific energy density in contrast to conventional lithium ion *** 8.7-Ah Li–O2 pouch cell with768.5 Wh kg^-1 was fabricated and characterized in this investigation and the factors that influenced the electrochemical performance of the Li–O2 pouch cell were *** contrast to coin/Swagelok-type Li–O2 cells,it was demonstrated that the high-loading air electrode,pulverization of the Li anode,and the large-scale inhomogeneity of the large pouch cell are the major reasons for the failure of Li–O2 batteries with Ah *** addition,safety tests of large Li–O2 pouch cells were conducted for the first time,including nail penetration,crushing,and thermal *** was indicated that a self-limiting mechanism is a key safety feature of these batteries,even when *** this study,Li–O2 batteries were investigated in a new size and capacity-scale,which may provide useful insight into the development of practical pouch-type Li–O2 batteries.

关键词： Li–O2 battery Pouch-type cell Energy density Failure analysis Safety tests

Current Status and Future Directions in Environmental Stability of Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Batteries

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Energy Material Advances 2023年第1期4卷 130-143页

作者： Jianwen Liang Xiaona Li Changhong Wang Jung Tae Kim Rong Yang jiantao Wang Xueliang Sun Solid State Batteries research Center GRINM(Guangdong)Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyFoshanGuangdong 528051China Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.University of Western Ontario LondonOntario N6A 5B9Canada china automotive battery research institute co.ltd.5th floor No.43Mining Building North Sanhuan Middle RoadBeijing 100088China

Recently,sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)have attracted much attention owing to their high ionic conductivity and feasible mechanical *** environmental stability of sulfide-based SSEs is one of the critical aspects due to the possible decomposition,and ionic conductivity change will affect the fabrication and electrochemical performance of the ***,important efforts have been made to reveal and improve their environmental stability,and a timely summary of the progress is urgently *** this review,we first clarify the definition of environmental stability and its significance in the context of practical *** indicating the degradation mechanisms of sulfide-based SSEs,we summarize several effective strategies to improve their stability and also highlight the related theoretical *** stability of organic solvents of sulfide SSEs is also summarized and discussed,which may help reliable sulfide SSEs in the battery *** main target of this review is to gain insights and provide useful guidance to further improve the environmental stability of sulfide SSEs,which will finally promote the commercialization of sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries.

关键词： battery Solid sulfide

Electrolytic silicon/graphite composite from SiO_(2)/graphite porous electrode in molten salts as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2022年第2期41卷 438-447页

作者： Ning Wang Yu-Yang Liu Zhi-Xia Shi Zhang-Long Yu Hua-Ying Duan Sheng Fang Juan-Yu Yang Xing-Ming Wang GRIREM Advanced Materials co. Ltd.China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co.Ltd.General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China GRINM Resources and Environment Tech.co.ltd. General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China china automotive battery research institute co.ltd. General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

Nano-silicon(nano-Si)and its composites have been regarded as the most promising negative electrode materials for producing the next-generation Li-ion batteries(LIBs),due to their ultrahigh theoretical ***,the commercial applications of nano Si-based negative electrode materials are constrained by the low cycling stability and high *** molten salt electrolysis of SiO_(2)is proven to be suitable to produce nano-Si with the advantages of in-situ microstructure control possibilities,cheap affordability and scale-up process ***,an economical approach for electrolysis,with a SiO_(2)/graphite porous electrode as cathode,is adopted to produce nano-Si/graphite composite negative electrode materials(SGNM)in this *** electrolytic product of the optimized porous electrode is taken as the negative electrode materials for LIBs,and it offers a capacity of 733.2 mAh·g^(-1)and an initial coulombic efficiency of 86.8%in a coin-type ***,the capacity of the SGNM retained 74.1%of the initial discharging capacity after 50 cycles at 0.2C,which is significantly higher than that of the simple mixture of silicon and graphite obtained from the formation of silicon carbide(SiC)between nano-Si and graphite ***,this new approach can be applied to a large-scale production.

关键词： Li-ion battery Negative electrode materials Molten salt electrolysis Nano-silicon

Lithium-ion cell inconsistency analysis based on three-parameter Weibull probability model

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Rare Metals 2020年第4期39卷 392-401页

作者： Lin-Shu Wang Yan-Yan Fang Ting Zhao Jian-Tao Wang Hang Zhang Lin Wang Shi-Gang Lu National Power battery Innovation Center GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100088China china automotive battery research institute co.ltd. Beijing 100088China General research institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China

the inconsistency of lithium-ion cells degrades battery performance,lifetime and even *** complexity of the cell reaction mechanism causes an irregular asymmetrical distribution of various cell parameters,such as capacity and internal resistance,among *** this study,the Newman electrochemical model was used to simulate the 1 C discharge curves of 100 LiMn2 O4 pouch cells with parameter variations typically produced in manufacturing processes,and the three-parameter Weibull probability model was used to analyze the dispersion and symmetry of the resulting discharge voltage *** results showed that the dispersion of the voltage distribution was related to the rate of decrease in the discharge voltage,and the symmetry was related to the change in the rate of voltage *** effect of the cells’capacity dominated the voltage distribution thermodynamically during discharge,and the phase transformation process significantly skewed the voltage *** effects of the ohmic drop and polarization voltage on the voltage distribution were primarily *** presence of current returned the right-skewed voltage distribution caused by phase transformation to a more symmetrical ***,the Weibull parameters elucidated the electrochemical behavior during the discharge process,and this method can guide the prediction and control of cell inconsistency,as well as detection and control strategies for cell management systems.

关键词： Lithium-ion cell Voltage inconsistency evolution three-parameter Weibull probability model Dispersion and symmetry of voltage distribution thermodynamic inconsistency Kinetic inconsistency

A comparison of core–shell Si/C and embedded structure Si/C composites as negative materials for lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2021年第9期40卷 2440-2446页

作者： Shuai-Jin Wu Zhao-Hui Wu Sheng Fang Xiao-Peng Qi Bing Yu Juan-Yu Yang Grinm Group co. Ltd.Beijing 100088China General research institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088China china automotive battery research institute co. Ltd.Beijing 101407China

Silicon materials have attracted wide attention as negative materials due to exceptional gravimetric capacity and abundance. the strategy of using nano-silicon materials as structural units to construct nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials for lithium-ion batteries has come into sight in recent years. In order to provide guidance for the material structure design of micro-sized silicon-based negative materials in practical application, in this work, two commercialized nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials with a specific capacity of about 650 mAh·g^(-1) were investigated and compared in the aspects of material microstructure, electrochemical performance of half cells, and electrode morphological evolution during cycling. the cycling performance(with capacity retention ratio of about 17% higher after 100 cycles) and electrode structure maintenance of the embedded structure Si/C material are superior to those of core–shell Si/C material. this research can provide guidance on design and application of nano/micro-structured silicon-based negative materials.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Negative materials Silicon-based materials Material structure

FePO4-coated Li[Li0.2Ni0.13co0.13Mn0.54]O2 with improved cycling performance as cathode material for Li-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2017年第11期36卷 899-904页

作者： Zhong Wang Hua-Quan Lu Yan-Ping Yin Xue-Yi Sun Xiang-Tao Bai Xue-Ling Shen Wei-Dong Zhuang Shi-Gang Lu R&D Center for Vehicle and Energy Storage General Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088 China china automotive battery research Institue co. ltd Beijing 100088 China

Li[Li0.2Ni0.13coo.13Mn0.54]O2 cathode materials were synthesized by carbonate-based co-precipitation method, and then, its surface was coated by thin layers of FePO4. the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, field emission scanning electron micro- scope （FESEM）, energy-dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. the XRD and TEM results suggest that both the pristine and the coated materials have a hexagonal layered structure, and the FePO4 coating layer does not make any major change in the crystal structure. the FePO4-coated sample exhibits both improved initial discharge capacity and columbic efficiency compared to the pristine one. More significantly, the FePO4 coating layer has a much positive influence on the cycling perfor- mance. the FePO4-coated sample exhibits capacity reten- tion of 82 % after 100 cycles at 0.5℃ between 2.0 and 4.8 V, while only 28 % for the pristine one at the same charge-discharge condition. the electrochemical impe- dance spectroscopy （EIS） results indicate that this improved cycling performance could be ascribed to the presence of FePO4 on the surface of Li[Li0.2Ni0.13co0.13Mno.54102 par- ticle, which helps to protect the cathode from chemical attacks by HF and thus suppresses the large increase in charge transfer resistance.

关键词： Cathodes Charge transfer coated materials coatings Crystal structure Electric batteries Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Electrodes Energy dispersive spectroscopy Field emission cathodes High resolution transmission electron microscopy Lithium Lithium alloys Lithium compounds Manganese Nickel Precipitation (chemical) Scanning electron microscopy Secondary batteries Transmission electron microscopy X ray diffraction