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Steady-state and transient investigation of a small pressurized water reactor ACPR50S for different ATFs based on Bamboo-C code

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 192-206页

作者： Kun Zhuang Ying-Zhen Wang Li-Na Deng Yong-Zhan Wang Wen Shang Si-Peng Wang department of nuclear Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China

Small modular reactors have received widespread attention owing to their inherent safety,low investment,and *** pressurized water reactors(SPWRs)have become important candidates for SMRs owing to their high technological *** the Fukushima accident,research on accident-tolerant fuels(ATFs),which are more resistant to serious accidents than conventional fuels,has gradually *** study analyzes the neutronics and thermal hydraulics of an SPWR(ACPR50S)for different ATFs,BeO+UO_(2)−SiC,BeO+UO_(2)−FeCrAl,U_(3)Si_(2)−SiC,and U_(3)Si_(2)−FeCrAl,based on a PWR fuel management code,the Bamboo-C deterministic *** the steady state,the burnup calculations,reactivity coefficients,power and temperature distributions,and control rod reactivity worth were *** transients of the control rod ejection accident for the two control rods with the maximum and minimum reactivity worth were *** results showed that 5%B-10 enrichment in the wet annular burnable absorbers assembly can effectively reduce the initial reactivity and end-of-life reactivity *** BeO+UO2−SiC core exhibited superior neutronic characteristics in terms of burnup and negative temperature reactivity compared with the other three cases owing to the strong moderation ability of BeO+UO_(2)and low neutron absorption of ***,the U_(3)Si_(2)core had a marginally better power-flattening effect than BeO+UO_(2),and the differential worth of each control rod group was similar between different *** the transient of a control rod ejection,the changes in the fuel temperature,coolant temperature,and coolant density were *** maximum difference was less than 10℃ for the fuel temperature and 2℃ for the coolant temperature.

关键词： ACPR50S Small pressurized water reactor ATF Steady Transient

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Study on the Radiation Synthesis Mechanism and the Electrochemical Property of Polyaniline

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2025年第2期43卷 328-340页

作者： Shuo Yan Zi-Fang Guo Zhi-Qing Ge Bao-Ying Zhang Ya-Ru Zhang Yi-Shao Li Mo-Zhen Wang Xue-Wu Ge State Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China School of nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

As a highly promising conductive polymer material,the synthesis method,structure regulation,and performance improvement of polyaniline(PANI)are hot research *** this work,the radiation-induced polymerization of aniline in HNO_(3)solution was successfully achieved at room temperature without the use of chemical *** the analysis of the radiation chemical reactions of inorganic acids and nitrate salt solutions,the characterization of the intermediate free radicals in the irradiated systems,and the influence of the pH of the solutions on the polymerization activity and product morphologies,the radiation-induced polymerization mechanism of aniline is discussed in detail and *** at a condition of[HNO_(3)]>[aniline],i.e.,pH<2.5,PANI can be successfully obtained underγ-ray *** polymerization begins with the oxidation of aniline cations to aniline cation radicals by·NO_(3)generated by radiolysis reactions,and undergoes repeated three steps of monomer free radical recombination,deprotonation,and oxidation reaction of·NO_(3),thus forming a PANI *** addition to the polymerization reaction,the aniline units are protonated and oxidized because of the strongly acidity and oxidation of the reaction system under γ-ray irradiation,which means that the molecular chain structure of the radiation-synthesized PANI can be regulated by pH,nitrate concentration,and irradiation ***-synthesized PANI has a moderate protonation and oxidation state,which can be used for the preparation of PANI supercapacitors with better electrochemical properties than those prepared by chemical oxidation under the same *** work presents a new radiation-synthesis method and polymerization mechanism of PANI,which not only expands the application of radiation technique in the field of polymer synthesis,but also provides a new idea for the structural regulation and electrochemical property optimization of PANI.

关键词： Aniline Radiation-induced polymerization Polyaniline Electrochemical property

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Synthesis of intermetallic PtCo fuel cell catalysts from bimetallic core@shell structured nanoparticles

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 1-6页

作者： Le Zhang Lei Tong Shuai Li Chang-Song Ma Kun-Ze Xue Hai-Wei Liang Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China

The high activity and stability of intermetallic PtCo nanocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction make them a top candidate as low-Pt cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells（PEMFCs）.However,forming intermetallic structures typically requires high-temperature annealing,posing a challenge for achieving well-size control and highly ordered *** we report the design and synthesis of bimetallic co re@shell structured precursors for affording high-performance intermetallic PtCo *** fabrication of the core@shell precursor involves using a molecular ligand containing both sulfur and oxygen donors to selectively bind with Pt colloidal nanoparticles as the core and chelate Co ions as the *** high-temperature annealing,the ligand transforms into carbon coatings around alloy nanoparticles,preventing particle sintering;meanwhile,Co ions in the shell can easily diffuse into the Pt core,which helps to increase the thermodynamic driving force for forming intermetallic *** benefits enable us to obtain the catalyst with finely dispersed nanoparticles（～3.5 nm）and a high ordering degree of 72%.With 0.1 mgPt/cm2cathode loading,the catalyst delivers superior performance and durability in PEMFCs,showing an initial mass activity of 0.56 A/mgPt,an initial power density of 1.05 W/cm2at 0.67 V（H2-air）,and a voltage loss of 26 mV at 0.8 A/cm2after the accelerated durability test.

关键词： Bimetallic structure fuel cells Intermetallic PtCo Oxygen reduction reaction

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Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan C.Adam Dyker department of chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify,large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind,hydro,and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries,particularly those employing organic molecules,are positioned as a key technology for this *** review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs)within this *** traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode,symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both *** review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design,and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous *** providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics,the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems,as are opportunities for future *** should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueousel ectrolyte

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Visualizing charge transfer and nuclear quantum effects in the hydrogen bond network of water

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Science China chemistry 2025年第03期 810-811页

作者： Ying Gao Haotian Wang Bin Zhang department of chemistry School of ScienceTianjin University

Water,one of the most common and important solvents on earth,is widely used in biology,physics,chemistry,and other fields [1].The hydrogen bond interactions between water molecules form a highly dynamic and synergistic network[2],which plays a key role in the properties of *** electron charge transfer and nuclear quantum effect(NQE)are important factors affecting the stability and structure of hydrogen bond networks [3],directly influencing water-involved biological and chemical processes.

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Tailoring BaCe0.7Zr0.1(Dy0.1|Yb0.1)0.2O3-δ electrolyte through strategic Cu doping for low temperature proton conducting fuel cells:Envisioned theoretically and experimentally

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 692-701页

作者： Zaheer Ud Din Babar Muhammad Bilal Hanif Yan'an Li Wan-Ting Wang Hanchen Tian Cheng-Xin Li State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University department of Inorganic chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava

This study addresses the challenge of high sintering temperatures in proton-conducting fuel cells（PCFCs）with BaCeO3-doped *** demonstrate that 1 mol% copper（Cu） doping at the B-site of BaCe0.7Zr0.1(Dy0.1|Yb0.1)0.2O3-δ（BCZDYb） improves sintering behavior,enabling densification at1400℃.However,Cu doping disrupts stoichiometry,creating barium vacancies and reducing protonaccepting cations,affecting overall *** mechanism is confirmed through density functional theory（DFT） calculations and various experimental techniques,including crystal structure analysis using X-ray diffraction（XRD） and morphology and elemental analysis via field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM） and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS）.Electrochemical measurements are performed using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）.The ionic conductivity of1 mol% Cu-doped BCZDYb（BCZDYb-1） is 1.49×10-2S cm-1at 650℃,which is～3.58 times higher than that of BCZDYb sintered at 1200℃.The BCZDYb-1 exhibits ～16 times higher grain boundary conductivity when sintered at 1400℃,compared to undoped *** single cell employing BCZDYb-1 as the electrolyte achieved a power density of ～606 mW cm-2at 550℃.These results indicate that a controlled amount of Cu doping can enhance densification while maintaining high ionic co nductivity,making it suitable for practical applications in PCFCs operating at lower temperatures.

关键词： BaCe0.7Zr0.1(Dy0.1|Yb0.1)0.2O3−δ (BCZDYb) Cu-doping Densification Electrical conductivity Proton conducting fuel cells (PCFCs) Sintering

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Enhanced solid-electrolyte interface efficiency for practically viable hydrogen-air fuel cell systems

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 356-368页

作者： Venkitesan Sakthivel Dong Jin Yoo Graduate School Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering(BK21 FOUR)Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research CenterJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju567 Baekje-daeroDeokjin-guJeonju-siJeollabuk-do 54896Republic of Korea Department of Life ScienceJeonbuk National University567 Baekje-daeroDeokjin-guJeonju-siJeollabuk-do 54896Republic of Korea

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) provide an appealing sustainable energy system,with the solid-electrolyte membrane playing a crucial role in its overall ***,sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene ether-ether sulfone)(SPEES),an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer,has garnered considerable attention as an alternative to Nafion ***,the long-term durability and stability of SPEES present a significant *** this context,we introduce a potential solution in the form of an additive,specifically a core–shell-based amine-functionalized iron titanate (A–Fe_(2)TiO_(5)),which holds promise for improving the lifetime,proton conductivity,and power density of SPEES in *** modified SPEES/A–Fe_(2)TiO_(5)composite membranes exhibited notable characteristics,including high water uptake,enhanced thermomechanical stability,and oxidative ***,the SPEES membrane loaded with 1.2 wt%of A–Fe_(2)TiO_(5)demonstrates a maximum proton conductivity of 155 mS ccm^(-1),a twofold increase compared to the SPEES membrane,at 80°C under 100%relative humidity (RH).Furthermore,the 1.2 wt%of A–Fe_(2)TiO_(5)/SPEES composite membranes exhibited a maximum power density of 397.37 mW cm^(-2)and a current density of 1148 mA cm^(-2)at 60°C under 100%RH,with an opencircuit voltage decay of 0.05 m V/h during 103 h of continuous *** study offers significant insights into the development and understanding of innovative SPEES nanocomposite membranes for PEMFC applications.

关键词： Acid-base Hybrid membrane Proton conductivity Polymer electrolyte fuel cell Single-cell performance

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Characterization and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds in Hong Kong:A 5-year study for three different archetypical sites

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 424-440页

作者： Yuchen Mai Vincent Cheung Peter K.K.Louie Kenneth Leung Jimmy C.H.Fung Alexis K.H.Lau Donald R.B.lake Dasa Gu Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Environmental Protection department Hong Kong 999077China Environment and Ecology Bureau Hong Kong 999077China department of chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvine 92617USA

Initial success has been achieved in Hong Kong in controlling primary air pollutants,but ambient ozone levels kept increasing during the past three *** organic compounds(VOCs)are important for mitigating ozone pollution as its major *** study analyzed VOC characteristics of roadside,suburban,and rural sites in Hong Kong to investigate their compositions,concentrations,and source *** showthat the TVOC concentrations were 23.05±13.24,12.68±15.36,and 5.16±5.48 ppbv for roadside,suburban,and rural sites between May 2015 to June 2019,*** using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model,six sources were identified at the roadside site over five years:Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)usage(33%–46%),gasoline evaporation(8%–31%),aged air mass(11%–28%),gasoline exhaust(5%–16%),diesel exhaust(2%–16%)and fuel filling(75–9%).Similarly,six sources were distinguished at the suburban site,including LPG usage(30%–33%),solvent usage(20%–26%),diesel exhaust(14%–26%),gasoline evaporation(8%–16%),aged air mass(4%–11%),and biogenic emissions(2%–5%).At the rural site,four sources were identified,including aged airmass(33%–51%),solvent usage(25%–30%),vehicular emissions(11%–28%),and biogenic emissions(6%–12%).The analysis further revealed that fuel filling and LPG usage were the primary contributors to OFP and OH reactivity at the roadside site,while solvent usage and biogenic emissions accounted for almost half of OFP and OH reactivity at the suburban and rural sites,*** findings highlight the importance of identifying and characterizing VOC sources at different sites to help policymakers develop targeted measures for pollution mitigation in specific areas.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds Positive matrix factorization Source apportionment Ozone formation

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High-performance poly(aromatic pyridine) copolymers with crown ether moieties for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

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Science China chemistry 2025年第3期 1078-1090页

作者： Qian Wang Songhao Zhao Yunpeng Guo Wei Wei Lele Wang Jingshuai Yang department of chemistry College of SciencesNortheastern University Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study concentrates on the development of high temperature polymer electrolyte membranes （HT-PEMs）,which are essential components for HT-PEM fuel cells （HT-PEMFCs）.Although the phosphoric acid （PA）-doped polybenzimidazole （PBI） has been regarded as the successful HT-PEM,this system still suffers from several challenges,including the use of carcinogenic monomers,complex synthesis procedures,and poor solubility in organic *** develop more cost-effective,readily synthesized and high-performance alternatives,this study employs a simply superacid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts reaction to synthesize a series of poly（triphenyl-co-dibenzo-18-crown-6 pyridine） copolymers,denoted as P(TPx%-co-CEy%),using ptriphenyl,dibenzo-18-crown-6 and 4-acetylpyridine as *** copolymerized hydrophilic and bulky crown ether unites introduce large free volumes and multiple interaction sites with PA molecules,as elucidated by theoretical *** microphase separation structures are formed as confirmed by atomic force microscope （AFM）,transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and small-angle X-ray scattering （SAXS）.Thus P(TPx%-co-CEy%) membranes exhibit excellent PA absorption and proton conduction *** example,after immersing in 85 wt%PA at 30°C,the P(TP91%-co-CE9%) membrane achieves a PA doping content of 205% and a high conductivity of 0.138 S cm-1at 180°C,while maintaining a tensile strength of 7.5 MPa at room *** humidification and backpressure,the peak power density of an H2-O2cell equipped with P(TP91%-co-CE9%)/205%PA reaches nearly 1200 mW cm-2,representing one of the highest performances reported for PA-doped HT-PEMs to *** work demonstrates the enormous potential of poly（triphenyl-co-crown ether pyridine） membranes in the HT-PEMFC applications.

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Separation of ^(152+154)Eu,^(90)Sr from radioactive waste effluent using liquid–liquid extraction by polyglycerol phthalate

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第6期29卷 76-84页

作者： M.F.Attallah S.E.Rizk S.A.Shady Analytical chemistry and Control department Hot Laboratories Center Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt chemistry of nuclear fuel department Hot Laboratories Center Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt Technology of nuclear fuel department Hot Laboratories Center Atomic Energy Authority of Egypt

A new polyglycerol phthalate extractant was prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance(~1H NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. A preliminary study of the extraction of long-lived(^(90) Sr and ^(152+154)Eu) and short-lived(^(90) Y) radionuclides by polyglycerol phthalate was performed. The influence of different diluents, concentration of the acid, type of acid, and various interfering ions was explored. The stripping of ^(152+154)Eu radionuclide was studied by using different acid solutions, and it was found that sulfuric acid was the ideal acid for this purpose. Furthermore,^(152+154)Eu was extracted from the fission products(^(90) Sr) and the extraction% of^(90) Sr was found to improve in the presence of interfering ions.

关键词：放射性核种抽取液体 Fourier 分离浪费光谱学 NMR

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