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Mimicry： Ecology, evolution, and development

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 604-607页

作者： Pfennig David (Guest Editor) Department of Biology University of North Carolina USA Chapel Hill 27599

1 Introduction Mimicry occurs when one species （the ＂mimic＂） evolves to resemble a second species （the ＂model＂） be-cause of the selective benefits associated with confusing a third species （the ＂receiver＂）. For example, natural selection can favor phenotypic convergence between completely unrelated species when an edible species receives the benefit of reduced predation by resembling an inedible species that predators avoid.

关键词：生态拟态进化食肉动物自然选择可食用物种接收器

Nanomedicine for obesity treatment

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第4期61卷 373-379页

作者： Yuqi Zhang Jicheng Yu Li Qiang Zhen Gu Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center Columbia University Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Obesity, as a chronic condition, has been a serious public health issue over the last decades both in the affluent Western world and developing countries. As reported, the risk of several serious diseases increases with weight gain, including type 2 diabetes,coronary heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases. In addition to lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy has become an important strategy to control weight gain. However, most of the anti-obesity drugs often show poor outcome for weight-loss and cause severe adverse effects. This review surveys recent advances in nanomedicine as an emerging strategy for obesity treatment with an emphasis on the enhanced therapeutic efficiency and minimized side effects. The insights for future development are also discussed.

关键词： drug delivery nanomedicine obesity browning fat absorption energy expenditure

HIV-1 immunopathogenesis in humanized mouse models

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 237-244页

作者： Liguo Zhang Lishan Su Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA

In recent years, the technology of constructing chimeric mice with humanized immune systems has markedly improved. Multiple lineages of human immune cells develop in immunodeficient mice that have been transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells. More importantly, these mice mount functional humoral and cellular immune responses upon immunization or microbial infection. Human immunodeficiency virus type I （HIV-1） can establish an infection in humanized mice, resulting in CD4＋ T-cell depletion and an accompanying nonspecific immune activation, which mimics the immunopathology in HIV-l-infected human patients. This makes humanized mice an optimal model for studying the mechanisms of HIV-1 immunopathogenesis and for developing novel immune-based therapies.

关键词： HIV humanized mice pathogenesis immune activation

The first human trial of CRISPR-based cell therapy clears safety concerns as new treatment for late-stage lung cancer

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 1028-1029页

作者： Shenghui He The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599-7295USA Department of Genetics University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599-7295USA

In a study recently published in Nature Medicine,Lu et *** the feasibility and safety of using CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-engineered,patient-derived T cells to treat late-stage lung cancer.1 Gene-editing therapy holds great promise in treating a wide range of human diseases from cancer to genetic *** introduction of the CRISPR technology,due to its simplicity and intrinsic programmability,2 has revolutionized the gene-editing field,and quickly surpasses both zinc-finger nuclease and transcription activator-like effector nuclease to become the method-of-choice for therapeutic gene editing.3 However,due to potential off-target effects,the safety of CRISPR-based therapy remains *** a study recently published in Nature Medicine,1 Lu et *** the feasibility and safety of using CRISPR-engineered T cells to treat late-stage lung *** demonstrated very low off-target editing rates and no severe treatment-related adverse events(AE),thus supporting its general safety for clinical use.

关键词： treatment simplicity holds

MicroRNAs associated with molecular mechanisms for plant root formation and growth

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 1-12页

作者： Wei Tang Anna Y.Tang Department of Biology East Carolina University 101 Stadium Drive University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Although roots are so important for plant growth and crop productivity, the molecular mecha- nism（s） of root formation and growth is not fully under- stood. To increase our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, here we review microRNA regu- lation of processes related to root formation： the regulation of transcription factors, nutrient uptake, stress signaling, and growth signaling. We have summarized the interaction, expression, transport, and signaling events that involve microRNAs in ideal and stressed conditions in a number of model plants, highlighting the involvement of microRNAs in root formation. MicroRNAs are now known to be important players in root initiation, development, and growth; understanding the precise mechanisms involved will be valuable for plant molecular breeding to develop high-yielding crops with high stress resistance and low nutrient requirements.

关键词： MicroRNAs, Nutrient. Root formationStress response Transcription factor

A HfC nanowire point electron source with oxycarbide surface of lower work function for high-brightness and stable field-emission

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1620-1626页

作者： Shuai Tang Jie Tang Ta-wei Chiu Wataru Hayami Jun Uzuhashi Tadakatsu Ohkubo Fumihiko Uesugi Masaki Takeguchi Masanori Mitome Lu-Chang Qin National Institute for Materials Science TsukubaIbaraki305-0047Japan Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki305-8857Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599-3255USA

Electric field-induced point electron source is highly demanded for microscopy,spectroscopy,lithography,X-ray tubes,microwave devices,and data ***,the instability in emission current and requirement of ultrahigh vacuum have often limited its extensive *** we report a single-crystalline HfC nanowire with oxycarbide emission surface for stable electron emission at 50 nA with fluctuations less than 1%in a vacuum of 4×10^−7 *** emitter has a low work function of 2.5 eV measured by the field emission Fowler-Nordheim curve and it is in good agreement with density functional theory(DFT)*** energy spread is in a range of 0.21–0.26 eV with a corresponding reduced brightness 1.95×10^11−3.81×10^11 A·m^−2·sr^−1·V^−*** HfC nanowire with oxycarbide emission surface is a qualified candidate for the next-generation electron source with high brightness,large current,and low energy spread.

关键词： hafnium carbide oxycarbide nanowire electron emission field emission

Transgenic woody plants for biofuel

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 225-236页

作者： Wei Tang Anna Y.Tang Department of Biology East Carolina University 101 Stadium Drive University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Transgenic trees as a new source for biofuel have brought a great interest in tree biotechnology. Genetically modifying forest trees for ethanol production have advantages in technical challenges, costs, environmental concerns, and financial problems over some of crops. Genetic engineering of forest trees can be used to reduce the level of lignin, to produce the fast-growing trees, to develop trees with higher cellulose, and to allow the trees to be grown more widely. Trees can establish themselves in the field with less care of farmers, compared to most of crops. Transgenic crops as a new source for biofuel have been recently reviewed in several reviews. Here, we overview transgenic woody plants as a new source for biofuel including genetically modified woody plants and environment; main focus of woody plants genetic modifications; solar to chemical energy transfer; cellulose biosynthesis; lignin biosynthesis; and cellulosic ethanol as biofuel.

关键词： biofuel cell wall cellulose lignin transgenic tree

Longitudinal Analysis of Inter-Limb Coordination Before and After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: The JUMP-ACL Study

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第3期2卷 265-271页

作者： Benjamin M.Goerger Stephen W.Marshall Anthony I.Beutler J.Troy Blackburn John H.Wilckens Darin A.Padua Department of Exercise and Sport Science The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Epidemiology The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Musculoskeletal Clinical Program Intermountain HealthcareProvoUTUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Purpose Inter-limb coordination may provide insight into why patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive sur-gery(ACLR)have an increased risk for future injury and *** purpose of this study was to compare inter-limb coordination prior-to anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injury and following *** Unilateral lower extremity biomechanics during a double-leg jump landing were collected prior-to ACL injury(baseline)and after ACLR,rehabilitation,and return to physical activity(follow-up).Sixty-nine participants were included in this analysis:31 participants suffered an ACL injury since baseline:12 injured the leg tested at baseline[ACLR-injured leg(ACLR-INJ),n=12]and 19 injured the leg that was not tested at baseline[ACLR-uninjured leg(ACLR-UNINJ)n=19];38 participants served as matched ***-limb coordination-calculated as the mean coupling angle-between the hip and knee were measured in the respective leg of each defined group and compared amongst groups at baseline and *** We observed no significant change in sagittal or frontal plane inter-limb coordination amongst groups or across time(P>0.05).A significant decrease in inter-limb coordination in the transverse plane from baseline and follow-up was observed but limited to the ACLR-INJ group(P=0.016).Conclusion The primary finding of this study is that inter-limb coordination between the hip and knee in the sagittal and frontal plane is unchanged by ACL injury and *** may help explain previous observations of changes in kinemat-ics at both the hip and knee in this *** observation of alterations in the transverse plane should be interpreted with caution,but may provide additional evidence for potential mechanisms that lead to the development of osteoarthritis in ACLR patients.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Knee Injury Inter-limb coordination

Measuring the influence of a mutual support educational intervention within a nursing team

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2014年第1期1卷 15-22页

作者： Rene´e Bridges Gwen Sherwood Carol Durham University of North Carolina at chapel hill School of NursingChapel HillNCUnited States Rex Healthcare RaleighNCUnited States

Background:Teamwork is essential to provide the highest quality of care for *** supported within a nursing unit is a significant factor in nursing satisfaction,intention to remain in the job,and the capacity to provide safe patient care by Aiken et al[1].Purpose:This study examined mutual support among a nursing team to measure the influence of an educational intervention focusing on Mutual Support from the Team STEPPS curriculum by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,AHRQ[2].Methods:The study design used a Likert scale survey,the Nursing Teamwork Survey,before and following an education intervention adapted from the Team STEPPS curriculum on Mutual *** data from the 41 participants were analyzed for impact on educational background,roles and responsibilities,age,and other ***:Pre-Post education intervention results varied among the survey items,although scores demonstrated heightened awareness of teamwork following the educational *** subscale of Backup illustrated the strongest ***:The study demonstrates that education can have an impact on perceptions and awareness of mutual support among nursing team *** survey instrument can be used effectively to inform leadership areas for improvement and staff development in the effort to improve team coordination and mutual support.

关键词： Mutual support Nursing teams Team STEPPS Teamwork Safety