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Improved model on asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with realistic devices

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第11期33卷 52-56页

作者： Mingshuo Sun Chun-Hui Zhang Rui Zhang Xing-Yu Zhou Jian Li Qin Wang Institute of Quantum Information and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology Key Laboratory of Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China changqing Oilfield Company Digital and Intelligent Business division China National Petroleum CorporationXi'an 710299China

In principle,the asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(AMDI-QKD)can surpass the key rate capacity without phase tracking and phase ***,practical imperfections in sources or detections would dramatically depress its ***,we present an improved model on AMDI-QKD to reduce the influence of these imperfections,including intensity fluctuation,the afterpulse effect,and the dead time of ***,we carry out corresponding numerical *** results show that,by implementing our present work,it can have more than 100 km longer secure transmission distance and one order of magnitude enhancement in the key generation rate after 320 km compared with the standard ***,our model can still break the Pirandola–Laurenza–Ottaviani–Banchi(PLOB)bound even under realistic experimental conditions.

关键词： asynchronous measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution intensity fluctuations afterpulse dead time

Discovery and prediction of high natural gamma sandstones in Chang 73 Submember of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, China

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Journal of Central South University 2019年第7期26卷 1840-1855页

作者： ZHENG Qing-hua LIU Xing-jun YOU Ji-yuan BAI Yun-yun WANG Jing-hui CHEN Xiao-liang School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Yulin University Yulin 719000 China changqing division China Petroleum Well Logging Limited Company Xi’an 710201 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi’an 710069 China

The large scale development of high natural gamma sandstones has been discovered in the Chang 73 Submember of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. High natural gamma sandstones consist of terrigenous detrital rocks with particle sizes ranging from silt to sand. They represent turbidite deposits characterized by high gamma ray values that are more than 180 American Petroleum Institute (API) units on a natural gamma ray log profile. For a long time, very high natural gamma sandstones had been identified as high-quality source rocks, such as oil shales, from conventional well log profiles, such as natural gamma ray well logs. Therefore, predicting the distribution of high natural gamma sandstones was studied. The sedimentary, lithological, and well log characteristics, as well as the genesis of the high radioactivity of high natural gamma sandstones were analyzed in the Chang 73 Submember. Thorium (Th), uranium (U) and other radioactive elements were found, carried by deep hydrothermal activity, and probably resulted in the formation of a relatively high radioactive zone in the cross-section, where high natural gamma sandstones usually develop in large quantities. This caused many turbidite sand bodies, which should have a continuous distribution in the cross-section, to appear to have a discontinuous distribution, when using conventional well log profiles, such as natural gamma ray well logs. From the above mentioned apparent discontinuous distribution of turbidite sand bodies in the cross-section, a continuous distribution can be predicted. It is obvious that the prediction of areas of continuous turbidite sand bodies in the cross-section usually corresponds with areas where high natural gamma sandstones are developed in large quantities. Exploration and development practice demonstrated that the developed method is fast and effective in predicting high natural gamma sandstones in the Chang 73 Submember.

关键词： Ordos Basin Chang 73 Submember high-quality source rock high natural gamma sandstone prediction

Control of paleogeographic pattern on sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system:A case study of the sixth sub-member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation M5 Member in central-eastern Ordos Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第4期49卷 837-850页

作者： ZHONG Shoukang TAN Xiucheng HU Guang NIE Wancai YANG Mengying ZHANG Daofeng ZHENG Jianfeng XU Jie DONG Guodong XIAO Di LU Zixing State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu 610500China Southwest Petroleum University division of Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCChengdu 610500China Natural Gas Project Department Changqing Oilfield Company of PetroChinaXi'an 710016China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Changqing Oilfield Company of PetroChinaXi'an 710016China PetroChina Hangzhou Research Insitute of Geology Hangzhou 310023China

The relationship between paleogeographic pattern and sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system is examined based on logging,core and thin section data,by taking the sixth sub-member of fifth member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation(M56)in the central-eastern Ordos Basin as an example.(1)Seven sub-geomorphic units(Taolimiao west low,Taolimiao underwater high,Taolimiao east low,Hengshan high,East salt low,North slope and Southwest slope)developed in the study area.(2)The“three lows”from west to east developed dolomitic restricted lagoon,evaporite evaporative lagoon and salt evaporative lagoon sedimentary facies respectively,the"two highs"developed high-energy grain beach and microbial mound,and the north and south slopes developed dolomitic flats around land.(3)The paleogeographic pattern caused natural differentiation of replenishment seawater from the northwest Qilian sea,leading to the eccentric sedimentary differentiation of dolomite,evaporite and salt rock symbiotic system from west to east,which is different from the classic“bull's eye”and“tear drop”distribution patterns.(4)As the Middle Qilian block subducted and collided into the North China Plate,the far-end compression stress transferred,giving rise to the alternate highland and lowland in near north to south direction during the sedimentary period of M56 sub-member.(5)Taolimiao underwater high and Hengshan high developed favorable zones of microbial mounds and grain shoals in south to north strike in M56 sub-member,making them favorable exploration areas with great exploration potential in the future.

关键词： paleogeographic pattern sedimentary differentiation evaporite and carbonate rock favorable reservoir facies zone Ordovician Majiagou Formation Ordos Basin

Physical property and hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics of tight oil reservoir in Chang 7 division of Yanchang Formation,Xin’anbian oilfield,Ordos Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2021年第5期18卷 1294-1304页

作者： Wei-Bo Zhao Su-Yun Hu Xiu-Qin Deng Bin Bai Shi-Zhen Tao Bo Sun Qian-Ru Wang Dang-Xing Cheng Research Institute of PetroChina Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing100083China Research Institute of Exploration and Development of PetroChina changqing Oilfield Company Xi'an710020ShaanxiChina School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

Xin’anbian Oilfield of the Ordos Basin is the large tight oilfield to be first exploration discovery in *** production of tight oil increased significantly in recent *** shows great exploration potential of Chang 7 tight *** the physical property and hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics of Chang 7 tight oil reservoirs were rarely studied,The forming conditions of tight oil reservoirs are systematically summarized and analyzed through the study of hydrocarbon generation,sedimentary reservoirs and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation based on production and core experimental *** result shows that,The porosity of the Chang 7_(2)reservoir mainly distributed in 5.0-11.0%,average at 7.9%,The permeability mainly distributed in 0.04-0.18×10^(-3)μm^(2),average at 0.12×10^(-3)μm^(2),The pore diameters of the tight oil reservoir distributed in 2-8μ*** high-quality Chang 7_(3)source rocks and the micropsammite of Chang 7_(2)subaqueous distributary channel were widely distributed in the study *** lenticular or banded sand bodies are distributed among mudstone or hydrocarbon source rocks and have the advantage of migration distance for hydrocarbon *** reservoir space is composed of micro-nanometer pores and throat,that is formed in the process of increasing pressure during hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon *** Chang 7 tight oil was generated in the early Cretaceous and injected into the sand of the subaqueous distributary channel driven by continuous hydrocarbon generation *** formation and accumulation of tight oil reservoirs are mainly controlled by source rocks,sedimentary microfacies and reservoirs of good quality.

关键词： Ordos Basin Xin’anbian Oilfield Tight oil Pore structures Cumulation conditions

Numerical simulation of non-Archie electrophysical property of saturated rock with lattice Boltzmann method

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Petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 24-28页

作者： Yue Wenzheng Tao Guo Liu Dongming Yang Wendu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Centre of Well Logging CNPC Key Laboratory of Well Logging China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China CNPC Logging changqing Business division Xi＇an Shaanxi 710201 China Sichuan Petroleum Administration Logging Company Ltd. CNPC Chongqing 401147 China

The electrophysical property of saturated rocks is very important for reservoir identification and evaluation. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） was used to study the electrophysical property of rock saturated with fluid because of its advantages over conventional numerical approaches in handling complex pore geometry and boundary conditions. The digital core model was constructed through the accumulation of matrix grains based on their radius distribution obtained by the measurements of core samples. The flow of electrical current through the core model saturated with oil and water was simulated on the mesoscopic scale to reveal the non-Archie relationship between resistivity index and water saturation （I-Sw）. The results from LBM simulation and laboratory measurements demonstrated that the I-Sw relation in the range of low water saturation was generally not a straight line in the log-log coordinates as described by the Archie equation. We thus developed a new equation based on numerical simulation and physical experiments. This new equation was used to fit the data from laboratory core measurements and previously published data. Determination of fluid saturation and reservoir evaluation could be significantly improved by using the new equation.

关键词： Non-Archie relation digital core model lattice Boltzmann method numerical simulation rock physical experiment

Lower Es3 in Zhanhua Sag, Jiyang Depression： a case study for lithofacies classification in lacustrine mud shale

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Applied Geophysics 2018年第2期15卷 151-164,361页

作者： Yan Jian-Ping He Xu Hu Qin-Hong Liang Qiang Tang Hong-Ming Feng Chun-Zhen Geng Bin State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation (Southwest Petroleum University) Chengdu 610500 China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Texas at Arlington Texas 76019 USA No. 2 Gas Production Plant Changqing Oilfield Company PetroChinaYulin 719000 China changqing division China Petroleum Logging CO. LTD. Xi'an 718500 China Institute of Exploration and Development ShengLi Oil Field SINOPEC Dongying 257015 China

Oil and gas exploration in lacustrine mud shale has focused on laminated calcareous lithofacies rich in type Ⅰ or type Ⅱ1 organic matter, taking into account the mineralogy and bedding structure, and type and abundance of organic matter. Using the lower third member of the Shahejie Formation, Zhanhua Sag, Jiyang Depression as the target lithology, we applied core description, thin section observations, electron microscopy imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fullbore formation microimager （FMI） to study the mud shale lithofacies and features. First, the lithofacies were classified by considering the bedding structure, lithology, and organic matter and then a lithofacies classification scheme of lacustrine mud shale was proposed. Second, we used optimal filtering of logging data to distinguish the lithologies. Because the fractals of logging data are good indicators of the bedding structure, gamma-ray radiation was used to optimize the structural identification. Total organic carbon content （TOC） and pyrolyzed hydrocarbons （S2） were calculated from the logging data, and the hydrogen index （HI） was obtained to identify the organic matter type of the different strata （HI vs Tmax）. Finally, a method for shale lithofacies identification based on logging data is proposed for exploring mud shale reservoirs and sweet spots from continuous wellbore profiles.

关键词： mud shale lithofacies filtering fractals logging

High Resolution ID-TIMS Redefines the Distribution and Age of the Main Mesozoic Lacustrine Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in the Ordos Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第2期97卷 581-588页

作者： CUI Jingwei ZHU Rukai ZHANG Zhongyi Jahandar RAMEZANI LI Yang Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of the changqing Oil Field China National Petroleum CorporationXi'an 710018China Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA

Using high-precision zircon U-Pb ID-TIMS geochronology,tuffs from the Chang 9 shale and the Chang 7 shale were *** tuff in the Chang 9 shale is 241.47±0.17 Ma,which falls between the top tuff age of 241.06±0.12 Ma and the bottom tuff age of 241.558±0.093 Ma in the Chang 7 *** reveal that the Chang 9 and Chang 7 shales are contemporaneous,belonging to the Ladinian stage of the Middle *** insight expands the region of the main source rock of Chang 7 to the northeast and will inform the search for the deep Chang 9 shale petroleum system,increasing the scope for exploring the Chang 7 shale system in northern *** research results clarify the relationship between the two sets of shale in the Yanchang Formation and redefine the distribution range of the Chang 7 shale in the Ordos *** the same time,it shows that there is a cross-layer problem in the stratigraphic division of the Yanchang Formation in different regions,the high-precision U-Pb dating technology providing a reference for the fine stratigraphic correlation of other continental basins in the world.

关键词： ID-TIMS high precision age redefining distribution Chang 7 shale Chang 9 shale Ordos Basin

Discovery and identification of clay-sized tuffaceous rocks in Chang 7 Member of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,China

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Journal of Central South University 2020年第6期27卷 1814-1827页

作者： ZHENG Qing-hua LIU Xing-jun LIU Yi-qun ZHOU Ding-wu YOU Ji-yuan YANG Kai-yan School of Chemistry&Chemical Engineering Yulin UniversityYulin 719000China changqing division China Petroleum Well Logging Limited CompanyXi’an 710201China Department of Geology Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266510China Fengcheng Field Operation District PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyKaramay 834000China

This study for the first time demonstrates that some of the so-called clay-sized mudstones observed by the naked eye,such as clay-sized black mudstones and clay-sized oil shales,which are rich in black organic matter(including oil and asphaltene),in the Chang 73 Submember of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin of China are actually clay-sized tuffaceous rocks(including tuff,sedimentary tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rock)with high hydrocarbon generation ***,these rocks can be defined as clay-sized tuffaceous source *** of this lithology has important theoretical and practical significance for the exploration and development of shale oil in the Chang 7 *** the macroscopic observation of drill cores and outcrop profiles,microscopic observation of electron probe thin sections and whole-rock inorganic geochemical analysis(including major,trace and rare earth elements),this work demonstrates that the organic matter-rich clay-sized tuffaceous rocks,especially clay-sized tuffs,have the following ***,the clay-sized tuffaceous rocks with little black organic matter are mainly greyish white,yellowish brown and purplish grey,and mixed colors occur in areas with strong bentonite ***,the clay-sized tuffaceous rocks have experienced strong devitrification and recrystallization,forming abundant flaky aluminosilicate minerals with directional *** thin sections under a polarizing microscope,the interference colors generally show regular alternation between the lowest interference color of first-order yellow and the highest interference color of second-order ***,the rock samples plot in the igneous rock field in the TiO2-SiO2 cross-plot and exhibit similar trace element and rare earth element patterns on spider diagrams,indicating that the samples are derived from the same *** results prove that clay-sized tuffaceous rocks may be widespread in the Chang 73 S

关键词： Ordos Basin Chang 7 Member clay-sized mudstone clay-sized tuffaceous rock lithologic identification

Nuclear magnetic resonance T_2 spectrum:multifractal characteristics and pore structure evaluation

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Applied Geophysics 2017年第2期14卷 205-215,322页

作者： Yan Jian-Ping He Xu Geng Bin Hu Qin-Hong Feng Chun-Zhen Kou Xiao-Pan Li Xing-Wen State Key Laboratory of Oil ＆ Gas Reservoir Geoiogy and Exploitation iSouthwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China Institute of Exploration and Development ShengLi Oil Field SINOPEC Dongying 257015 China Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of Texas at Arlington Texas 76019 USA changqing division of PetroChina Logging Company Xi＇an 718500 China.

Pore structure characteristics are important to oil and gas exploration in complex low-permeability reservoirs. Using multifractal theory and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, we studied the pore structure of low-permeability sandstone rocks from the 4th Member （Es4） of the Shahejie Formation in the south slope of the Dongying Sag. We used the existing pore structure data from petrophysics, core slices, and mercury injection tests to classify the pore structure into three categories and five subcategories. Then, the T2 spectra of samples with different pore structures were interpolated, and the one- and three-dimensional fractal dimensions and the multifractal spectrum were obtained. Parameters a （intensity of singularity） andf（a）（density of distribution） were extracted from the multifractal spectra. The differences in the three fractal dimensions suggest that the pore structure types correlate with a andf（a）. The results calculated based on the multifractal spectrum is consistent with that of the core slices and mercury injection. Finally, the proposed method was applied to an actual logging profile to evaluate the pore structure of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.

关键词： NMR T2 spectrum multifractal interpolation pore structure permeability sandstone