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Disease Resistance in Maize and the Role of Molecular Breeding in Defending Against Global Threat

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第3期54卷 134-151页

作者： Farhan Ali Jianbing Yan National Key Laboratory of crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China cereal crop research institute （ccri） pirsabak Nowshehra Pakistan

Diseases are a potential threat to global food security but plants have evolved an extensive array of methodologies to cope with the invading pathogens. Non-host resistance and quantitative re- sistance are broad spectrum forms of resistance, and all kinds of resistances are controlled by extremely diverse genes called ＂R- genes＂. R-genes follow different mechanisms to defend plants and PAMP-induced defenses in susceptible host plants are referred to as basal resistance. Genetic and phenotypic diversity are vital in maize （Zea mays L.）; as such, genome wide association study （GWAS） along with certain other methodologies can explore the maximum means of genetic diversity. Exploring the complete genetic archi- tecture to manipulate maize genetically reduces the losses from hazardous diseases. Genomic studies can reveal the interaction be- tween different genes and their pathways. By confirming the specific role of these genes and protein-protein interaction （proteomics） via advanced molecular and bioinformatics tools, we can shed a light on the most complicated and abstruse phenomena of resistance.

关键词： Maize concept of pathology R-genes types of resistance genetic diversity genome wide association study.

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Genetic analysis of maturity and flowering characteristics in maize(Zea mays L.)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第8期2卷 621-626页

作者： Hassan Sher Muhammad Iqbal Kiramat Khan Muhammad yasir Hameed-ur-Rahman Centre of Botany and Biodiversity Conservation University of Swat cereal crops research institute(ccri) Pirsabak Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology(CUT)Abbottabad

Objective:To elucidate the pattern of inheritance and determine the relative magnitude of various genetic effects for maturity and flowering attributes in subtropical ***: Four white grain maize inbred lines from flint group of corn,two with late maturity and two with early maturity,were *** contrasting inbred lines were crossed to form four *** generations(P_1,P_2,F_1,F_2,BC_1,and BC_2) were developed for each individual *** were evaluated in triplicate trial for two consecutive ***:Roth dominance gene action and epistatic interaction played major role in governing inheritance of days to pollen shedding, 50%silking,anlbesis silking interval and ***:Preponderance of dominance gene action for these traits indicated their usefulness in hybrid programs of subtropical maize.

关键词： Genetic analysis Maize Maturity Generation means

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Genetic dissection of N use efficiency using maize inbred lines and testcrosses

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The crop Journal 2023年第4期11卷 1242-1250页

作者： Xiaoyang Liu Kunhui He Farhan Ali Dongdong Li Hongguang Cai Hongwei Zhang Lixing Yuan Wenxin Liu Guohua Mi Fanjun Chen Qingchun Pan Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China cereal crops research institute Pirsabak NowsheraPakistan College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130033JilinChina institute of crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Sanya institute China Agricultural UniversitySanya 572025HainanChina

Although the use of heterosis in maize breeding has increased crop productivity,the genetic causes underlying heterosis for nitrogen(N) use efficiency(NUE) have been insufficiently *** this study,five N-response traits and five low-N-tolerance traits were investigated using two inbred line populations(ILs) consisting of recombinant inbred lines(RIL) and advanced backcross(ABL) populations,derived from crossing Ye478 with *** populations were crossed with P178 to construct two testcross *** populations,their testcross populations,and the midparent heterosis(MPH)for NUE were *** weight,kernel number,and kernel number per row were sensitive to N level and ILs showed higher N response than did the testcross *** on a highdensity linkage map,138 quantitative trait loci(QTL) were mapped,each explaining 5.6%–38.8% of genetic *** were 52,34 and 52 QTL for IL populations,MPH,and testcross populations,*** finding that 7.6% of QTL were common to the ILs and their testcross populations and that 11.7% were common to the MPH and testcross population indicated that heterosis for NUE traits was regulated by non-additive and non-dominant loci.A QTL on chromosome 5 explained 27% of genetic variation in all of the traits and Gln1-3 was identified as a candidate gene for this ***-wide prediction of NUE traits in the testcross populations showed 14%–51% *** results may be useful for clarifying the genetic basis of heterosis for NUE traits and the candidate gene may be used for genetic improvement of maize NUE.

关键词： Maize Nitrogen use efficiency Heterosis Genetic basis

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Influence of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on quality of canola(Brassica napus L.) under rainfed conditions

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第10期8卷 731-737页

作者： AHMAD G. JAN A. ARIF M. JAN M.T. KHATTAK R.A. cereal crops research institute (ccri) Pirsabak North West Frontier Province (NWFP) 25000 Pakistan Department of Agronomy Agricultural University Peshawar North West Frontier Province (NWFP) 25000 Pakistan Dean Faculty of crop Production Sciences Agricultural University Peshawar North West Frontier Province (NWFP) 25000 Pakistan

Field experiments were conducted at cereal crops research institute, pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen application on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98) under rainfed conditions. Four levels of S (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and three levels of N (40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) and a control treatment with both nutrients at zero level were included in the experiments. Sulfur levels were applied at sowing while N levels were applied by three methods (100% soil application, 90% soil+10% foliar application, and 80% soil +20% foliar application). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having four replications. Oil content increased significantly up to 20 kg S/ha but further increase in S level did not enhance oil content. Glucosinolate content increased from 13.6 to 24.6 μmol/g as S rate was increased from 0 to 30 kg/ha. Protein content increased from 22.4% to 23.2% as S rate was increased from 0 to 20 kg/ha. Oil content responded negatively to the increasing N levels. The highest N level resulted in the highest values for protein (23.5%) and glucosinolate (19.9 μmol/g) contents. Methods of N application had no significant impact on any parameters under study.

关键词： Canola Nitrogen (N) Sulfur (S) Methods of N application Quality

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Performance and stability of yield in response to plant density,year and location in maize hybrids of Northwest China

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Technology in Agronomy 2022年第1期2卷 18-24页

作者： Yuan Dong Zhiqian Feng Ting Li Ali Farhan Xiaokang Tian Yonghui Lao Yinxin Duan Leiyong Si Xinghua Zhang Jiquan Xue Shutu Xu Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Areas of the Northwest Region Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Maize Engineering Technology research Centre of Shaanxi Province Northwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi 712100China cereal crop research institute(ccri) NowsheraKyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000Pakistan

Identifying desirable genotypes with the best performance in diverse environments is a perpetual aim of plant breeding,and the interaction between genotype and environment(G×E)always plays a key *** study was conducted to elucidate the genetic behaviour of different hybrid combinations at various densities in diverse *** to a line×tester design,32 hybrid combinations were obtained from 16 inbred individuals crossed with two testers and planted at three locations at three density levels(45,000,67,500 and 90,000 plants ha-1)during ***(G),environment(E)and the interaction of genotype and environment(G×E)significantly affected grain yield at different *** planting density enhanced grain yield and improved the efficiency of germplasm screening,where the effect of location on grain yield at different densities was larger than that of year and the GCA was larger than the ***,four inbred lines(KB102,KB081,KA105,and KB106)with a high GCA,environmental adaptability,and several combinations using them as parents have been approved in ShannXi Province and National of *** conclusion,the evaluation of combining ability at multiple densities and locations can effectively screen inbred lines and improve breeding efficiency.

关键词： breeding Northwest planted

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