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Introduction to 3D reconstruction of macromolecules using single particle electron microscopy

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第10期26卷 1153-1164页

作者： Oscar LLORCA centro de lnvestigaciones biológicas consejo superior de investigaciones científicas ramiro de maeztu 9 campus universidad complutense 28040 madrid spain

Single-particle electron microscopy has now reached maturity, becoming a commonly used method in the examination of macromolecular structure. Using a small amount of purified protein, isolated molecules are observed under the electron microscope and the data collected can be averaged into a 3D reconstruction. Single-particle electron microscopy is an appropriate tool for the analysis of proteins that can only be obtained in modest quantities, like many of the large complexes currently of interest in biomedicine. Whilst the use of electron microscopy expands, new methods are being developed and improved to deal with further challenges, such as reaching higher resolutions and the combination of informa tion at different levels of structural detail. More importantly, present methodology is still not robust enough when studying certain "tricky" proteins like those displaying extensive conformational flexibility and a great deal of user expertise is required, posing a threat to the consistency of the final structure. This mini review describes a brief outline of the methods currently used in the 3D analysis of macromolecules using single-particle electron microscopy, intended for those first approaching this field. A summary of methods, techniques, software, and some recent work is presented. The spectacular improvements to the technique in recent years, its advantages and limitations compared to other structural methods, and its future developments are discussed.

关键词： single particle electron microscopy 3D reconstruction cryoelectron microscopy image processing DNA-PK

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