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Social Sciences in China 2009年第1期30卷 137-148页

作者：姚远 School of Sociology and population studies Renmin University of China

Informal support constitutes an important means of and resource for solving the problem of the elderly. However, the elderly population in China tend to be influenced by consanguinity values when choosing informal support resources. In general, this takes the form of the core nature of consanguinity in their social networks, an obstinate psychological preference for blood relations and the extension of this to all relationships, pursuit of goals marked by comprehensive needs and ethical exchange as the principle of association. In actual practice, a basic model has taken shape involving two kinds of resources, differential functions and a decreasing order of choice, as well as the cultural trait of the continuous breaking up of informal support networks. While this choice model and cultural trait are to a certain extent conducive to old people＇s utilization of informal support resources, it inhibits their full use of such resources.

关键词： consanguinity the elderly informal support

Measuring Natural Hazard-Related Disasters through Self-Reports

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 540-552页

作者： Ben Edwards Matthew Gray Judith B.Borja centre for Social Research and Methods Australian National UniversityCanberra2601Australia University of San Carlos–Office of population studies Foundation Inc.(USC-OPS)6000Cebu CityPhilippines

Exposure to multiple natural hazard-related disasters will become more common due to climate *** article reports on the development and validation of a cumulative measure of exposure to natural hazard-related disasters(2013–2017)at the area level,and an individual-level measure of disaster impact using data from the Longitudinal Cohort Study on the Filipino Child and linked data from the International Disaster Database(EM-DAT).Caregiver reports of cumulative exposure to disasters had statistically significant associations with disasters reported by neighborhood officials and with disasters in *** ecometric techniques we generated a reliable community average measure of exposure to natural hazard-related *** on neighbor but not individual self-reports this exogenous measure of disaster exposure in the local area was more strongly related to EM-DAT and official neighborhood reports than individual *** capture household variation we developed an individual-level measure of disaster *** impact was associated with measures of exposure(individual and community average),community ratings by officials,and EM-DAT but only moderately associated with the community average *** the community average and disaster impacts measures were associated with household income and the adequacy of income in households.

关键词： Disaster exposure Measuring disasters Philippines Socioeconomic impacts Social surveys Subjective indicators

Stearic acid protects primary cultured cortical neurons against oxidative stress

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第3期28卷 315-326页

作者： Ze-jian WANG~2 Cui-ling LIANG~3 Guang-mei LI~2 Cai-yi YU~2 Ming YIN~(2,4)2 School of Pharmacy,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China 3 Institute of population studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institute of population studies East China Normal University Shanghai China

Aim:To observe the effects of stearic acid against oxidative stress in primarycultured cortical ***:Cortical neurons were exposed to glutamate,hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,or NaN3insult in the presence or absence of *** viability of cortical neurons was determined by MTT assay and *** antioxidant enzymes activity[superoxide dismutases（SOD）,glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）,and catalase（CAT）] and lipid peroxidation incultured cortical neurons were evaluated using commercial kits.{3-[l（p-chloro-benzyl）-5-（isopropyl）-3-t-butylthiondol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid,Na}[MK886;5 μmol/L;a noncompetitive inhibitor of proliferator-activated receptor（PPAR）α],bisphenol A diglycidyl ether（BADGE;100 μmol/L;an antagonist ofPPARγ）,and cycloheximide（CHX;30 μmol/L,an inhibitor of protein synthesis）were tested for their effects on the neuroprotection afforded by stearic *** blotting was used to determine the PPARγprotein level in cortical ***:Stearic acid dose-dependently protected cortical neurons againstglutamate or H202 injury and increased glutamate uptake in cultured *** protection was concomitant to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and to thepromotion activity of Cu/Zn SOD and CAT in cultured cortical *** effects were completely blocked by BADGE and *** with H202 for 24 h,the expression of the PPARγprotein decreasedsignificantly（P<0.05）,and the inhibitory effect of H2O2on the expression of PPARγcan be attenuated by stearic ***:Stearic acid can protect corticalneurons against oxidative stress by boosting the internal antioxidant *** neuroprotective effect may be mainly mediated by the activation of PPARγandnew protein synthesis in cortical neurons.

关键词： oxidative stress receptors peroxisome prolilferator-activated neurons antioxidants

Implications of an Unlimited Fertility Policy in China:Lessons from Low Fertility and population Aging in Japan and Korea

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China population and Development studies 2017年第2期1卷 16-32页

作者： KIM Ik Ki SUN Juanjuan School of Sociology and population studies Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina centre for population and Development studies Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina

In 2016 China began implementing a new population strategy after having maintained a one-child policy for 35 *** paper draws on the lessons we can learn about low fertility and population aging in Japan and South Korea to consider the implications of the newly announced'universal two-child'policy in ***,Korea and China share many socio-cultural characteristics and have undergone similar processes with respect to low fertility and population aging at different periods of *** scholars argue that China's family planning program has greatly reduced China's fertility level,but the effects of other socioeconomic factors have,in fact,had a greater impact on the reduction of the fertility rate than the one-child policy *** the effects of the fertility policy that limits the number of births in China and the lessons we can get from unsuccessful fertility boosting measures in Japan and Korea,this paper suggests that a fertility policy that puts no limits on births should be adopted in China.

关键词： Low fertility population aging Family planning program Universal two-child policy Fertility boosting measures

Rural migrants' participation in old-age insurance: a case study of the inter-provincial migrant workers from Sichuan, China

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Chinese Journal of population,Resources and Environment 2017年第2期15卷 120-131页

作者： Yong Chen Yan Tan Qin Zhang Institute of population Research Faculty of Social Development and Western China Development Studies Sichuan University Department of Geography Environment and Population University of Adelaide

Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using survey data collected by the authors, this paper examines a host of factors which influence migrant workers' participation in the old-age scheme. The result shows that individual characteristics, employment status, attitudes toward old-age support and perception of the old-age pension system significantly differentiate two groups of migrant workers between those that have participated in and their counterparts who have not participated in the old-age pension schemes. Among a number of factors, age, educational attainment, holding labor contract, etc. are found to be significant factors influencing migrants' behavior participating(or not participating) the available age-pension schemes. Policy implications for how to improve the rate of participation in existing old-age pension schemes among migrant workers are drawn from the findings.

关键词： Inter-provincial rural migrant old-age pension participation in old-age pension factors

Laboratory Models for the Study of the Peri-implantation Period

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 48-55页

作者： STANLEY R.GLASSER Department of Cell Biology and the Center for population Research and studies in Reproductive Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston

The greatest risks to mammalian pregnancy occur during the peri-implantation period (passage through the uterotubal junction, blastulation, zona shedding, embryonic signaling and recognition, blastocyst attachment, postattachment events initiating placentation). Conventional markers and screening methods do not provide the means to clarify the relationship between exposure of a reproductively competent woman to a xenobiotic compound and the specific error in the functional expression of an embryogenetic process identified by impairment or deletion of that process. Laboratory models which provide the flexibility of in vitro culture methods and allow integration of cellular and molecular techniques have identified cell-specific, stage-specific markers that could focus on the mechanism of xenobiotic action. In vitro models have been used to define postattachment trophoblast cell differentiation. Trophoblast specific peptide hormones prove to be valid markers of established pregnancy. They provide no assessment of the risk to the embryo during the peri-implantation period. The relationship between developmental time of exposure and risk is discussed in terms of trophoblast differentiation.

关键词： Laboratory Models for the Study of the Peri-implantation Period

Correlates of women's environmental behaviors: a study in Pawe Woreda,Northwest Ethiopia

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Chinese Journal of population,Resources and Environment 2017年第4期15卷 337-350页

作者： Chalachew Getahun Desta Tamiru Toga Wahelo Center for population studies College of Development Studies Addis Ababa University Gilgel Beles College of Teachers Education Department of Geography

Available cross-country, macro-level evidence regarding gender differences in environmental behaviors shows women are more environmentally concerned and responsive than ***, while such macro-level evidence helps understand patterns of women's environmental behaviors at a much broader level, it does not allow deeper insights into particular patterns at a single location or in much smaller areas. Tailor-made interventions needed to address livelihood and environmental strategies of poor rural women become meaningful if studies aim at revealing context specific, local variations in women's environmental behaviors. In this context, there is only little research for Ethiopia regarding what influences women's response to environmental problems. The objective of this research was to describe women's response to environmental problems in Pawe Woreda and examine the demographic, socioeconomic, and institutional correlates of this response, with particular emphasis to forest resources. Data were primarily obtained from a sample of 363 households in a multi-stage sample survey and were analyzed mainly using a multivariate logistic regression model. We found that all except one of the demographic and socioeconomic variables included in the model were found to be statistically significant correlates of woman's environmental response, but the institutional variable was not significantly associated with a woman's environmental response. However, the qualitative result for additional institutional issues revealed the importance of land tenure. Many of the results are in line with the existing literature.

关键词： Women and theenvironment women anddeforestation Ethiopianwomen environmentaldegradation women'senvironmental behaviors

The Chinese Strategy for Actively Responding to population Ageing

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Social Sciences in China 2022年第4期43卷 57-76页

作者： Hu Zhan Peng Xizhe Wu Yushao 崔丹丹 Fudan Institute on Ageing Fudan University Center for population and Development Policy studies 不详

The course of population ageing in China has unique features, and the country’s fundamental national conditions, development path and governance model impose special requirements on the country’s response. A path with Chinese characteristics that actively addresses this issue is urgently needed. The Chinese strategy is built on solid foundations,comprising the governance paradigm advantage of “one core and multiple components”;the structural advantage of “state-family-society” governance arrangements;the national endowment of being a major country with a rich culture;and the late-mover advantage conferred by the scientific and technological innovations of our changing times. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between the national strategy of actively responding to an population ageing and the population development strategy;on this basis, a positive view of ageing need to be cultivated to provide a better environment for the implementation of the national strategy;and to establish a holistic governance framework in which individuals,families, communities, the state, and the world are interconnected by integrating Chinese advantages in the governance of an ageing society. Thus, a systemic Chinese strategy for actively responding to population ageing can be continuously refined.

关键词： population ageing the governance of an ageing society Chinese strategy family population governance

Gender differences in the impact on subjective well-being in China

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Economic and Political studies 2018年第4期6卷 349-367页

作者： Tao Tao Byron Y.Lee Lynda Jiwen Song Xiangdong Liu School of Sociology and population studies Center for Population and Development StudiesRenmin University of ChinaBeijingChina China Europe International Business School(CEIBS) ShanghaiChina School of Business Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina

This article examines the relationship among subjective well-being(SWB),income and education in China through self-perceived social *** and women appear to use different socioeconomic markers to determine their self-perceived social status,which ultimately affects their subjective reports of *** using the data from the 2010 China General Social Survey(CGSS),this study finds a positive association between income and SWB for *** result also shows a positive association between education and SWB for ***,for women self-perceived social status is a strong mediator of income and happiness;while for men,selfperceived social status mediates the relationship between education and *** study highlights the importance of the cultural influence in understanding the differences in self-perceived social status outcomes by gender and how these differences ultimately influence the subjective measures of well-being in China.

关键词： China gender selfperceived status subjective well-being(SWB)

Colour-ring wear and loss effects in citizen science mark-resighting studies

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Avian Research 2019年第2期10卷 148-162页

作者： Andrew M.Allen Bruno J.Ens Martijn van de Pol Henk van der Jeugd Magali Frauendorf Henk-Jan van der Kolk Kees Oosterbeek Jeroen Nienhuis Eelke Jongejans Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud University6500 GL NijmegenThe Netherlands Sovon Dutch centre for Field Ornithology 6503 GANijmegen and Sovon-Texel1790 AB Den BurgThe Netherlands Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOOKNAW6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Dutch centre for Avian Migration and Demography 6700 AB WageningenThe Netherlands centre for Avian population studies WageningenThe Netherlands

Background: Ring wear and loss may have important consequences for mark-recapture studies that aim to estimate survival trends. Our study quantifies the rates of wear and loss from a long-running colour-ringing project of the Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) in the Netherlands. Methods: Our analysis included 8909 colour-ringed oystercatchers with 118,071 resightings, predominantly ringed and observed by citizen scientists. We quantified how ring wear and loss may vary with ring colour and age, and how this may impact resighting probabilities. We then determined how ring loss may impact survival estimates and resighting probabilities of mark-recapture models by simulating four scenarios of how citizen scientists may resight and report birds with lost colour rings. Results: Annual rates of colour ring loss averaged 2.5% compared with 1% for ring wear, but lost rings also had a higher reporting probability (31.2%) than worn rings (10.3%). Lost rings may not directly impact survival estimates since 50% of oystercatchers with lost rings could still be uniquely identified. Ring wear and loss rapidly increased between 10 and 15 years after ringing. Rates of ring loss were comparable amongst ring colours, but the wear rate appeared higher for red and white rings compared to other colours. Rates of ring wear and loss varied significantly amongst different regions in our study, which were characterised as having different habitat features. Differential rates of ring wear may have important implications for studies conducted over large geographical scales or of multiple species. Conclusions: Based on simulations of ring loss in our population, estimates of apparent survival may be 0.3–1.2% lower whilst the impact of ring wear was deemed even lower. We developed a table of recommendations containing advice for ring fitting, data collection, study design, and mark-recapture analyses, so that future colour-ringing studies can benefit from our experiences in collecti

关键词： Bias Bird migration Citizen science Colour-ring Mark-recapture Shorebirds Survival