Effective landscape-scale fuel management strategies are essential for reducing wildfire risk in Mediterranean fire-prone *** this study,the minimum travel time(MTT)fire-spread algorithm as implemented in FlamMap was ...
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Effective landscape-scale fuel management strategies are essential for reducing wildfire risk in Mediterranean fire-prone *** this study,the minimum travel time(MTT)fire-spread algorithm as implemented in FlamMap was applied to assess the potential of alternative fuel treatments for lowering wildfire losses in a 5,740-ha study area in eastern Sardinia,***-seven wildfires at 10-m resolution were simulated considering three wind speeds(15,18,and 21 km h-1)to compare fuel treatments:no treatment(NT),irrigated agroforestry areas with shrub clearing(T1),prescribed fire in eucalyptus stands(T2),and irrigated grasslands(T3).The simulations replicated a recent large wildfire that occurred in the study area(Orrìwildfire,2019)and considered the weather and fuel moisture conditions associated with this *** average wildfire exposure outputs(burned area,probability of burning,conditional flame length,potential crown fire occurrence,and surfaces withflame lengths above 2.5 m)decreased after fuel treatments,compared to no treatment.T1 was the most effective strategy in mitigating wildfire hazards and provided the most significant performance for several wildfire exposure *** only 0.5%of the study area(~30 ha)resulted in a decrease in all wildfire exposure metrics to~10%within the study *** addition,the total surface characterized by high flame length(average>2.5 m)was the lowest in the T1 *** study can help land and fire managers optimize fuel treatment opportunities and wildfire risk mitigation strategies in Mediterranean areas.
Ecological networks,usually depicting interactions among species,have been recently down-scaled to the individual level,permitting description of patterns of inter-individual resource variation that are usually hinder...
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Ecological networks,usually depicting interactions among species,have been recently down-scaled to the individual level,permitting description of patterns of inter-individual resource variation that are usually hindered at the species *** diet theory(ODT)models,applied to prey–predator systems,predict different patterns of nestedness and modularity in the network,depending on the available resources and intra-specific *** effect of resource availability on the emergence of networks structures,and ODT framework,has not yet fully been ***,we analyzed the structural patterns of individual-resource networks in 3 species of Mediterranean salamanders,in relation to changes in prey *** used weighted individual-resource network metrics to interpret the observed patterns,according to 3 ODT *** found significant nestedness recurring in our study system,indicating that both selective and opportunistic individuals occur in the same *** diversity,rather than abundance,was apparently related to inter-individual resource variation and promoted the emergence of significant modularity within all *** observed patterns of nestedness and modularity,together with the variation in resource diversity and intra-specific competition,are in agreement with the distinct preferences model of *** findings suggest that in the focal prey–predator systems,individuals were able to perceive changes in prey diversity and to exploit in different ways the variations in composition of available resources,shifting their diet assembly rules *** findings also confirm that the use of weighted individual-resource networks,in prey–predator systems,allows to disclose dynamics that are masked at the species or population level.
This paper presents the study reports on evaluating a new transplanting operation by taking into accounts the interactions between soil,plant,and machine in line with the System of Rice Intensification(SRI)*** objecti...
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This paper presents the study reports on evaluating a new transplanting operation by taking into accounts the interactions between soil,plant,and machine in line with the System of Rice Intensification(SRI)*** objective was to modify planting claw(kuku-kambing)of a paddy transplanter in compliance with SRI guidelines to determine the best planting spacing(S),seed rate(G)and planting pattern that results in a maximum number of seedling,tillers per hill,and *** separate experiments were carried out in two different paddy fields,one to determine the best planting spacing(S=4 levels:s_(1)=0.16 m×0.3 m,s_(2)=0.18 m×0.3 m,s_(3)=0.21 m×0.3 m,and s_(4)=0.24 m×0.3 m)for a specific planting pattern(row mat or scattered planting pattern),and the other to determine the best combination of spacing with seed rate treatments(G=2 levels:g1=75 g/tray,and g2=240 g/tray).Main SRI management practices such as soil characteristics of the sites,planting depth,missing hill,hill population,the number of seedling per hill,and yield components were *** of two-way analysis of variance with three replications showed that spacing,planting pattern and seed rate affected the number of one-seedling in all *** was also observed that the increase in spacing resulted in more tillers and more panicle per plant,however hill population and sterility ratio increased with the decrease in *** the maximum number of panicles were resulted from scattered planting at s_(4)=0.24 m×0.3 m spacing with the seed rate of g1=75 g/tray,the maximum number of one seedling were observed at s_(4)=0.16 m×0.3 *** highest and lowest yields were obtained from 75 g seeds per tray scattered and 70 g seeds per tray scattered treatment *** all treatments,the result clearly indicates an increase in yield with an increase in spacing.
Soil moisture is directly related to the amount of irrigation in agriculture and influences the yield of ***,a soil moisture sensor is an important tool for measuring soil moisture *** this study,the previous research...
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Soil moisture is directly related to the amount of irrigation in agriculture and influences the yield of ***,a soil moisture sensor is an important tool for measuring soil moisture *** this study,the previous research conducted in recent 2-3 decades on soil moisture sensors was reviewed and the principles of commonly used soil moisture sensor and their various applications were ***,the advantages,disadvantages,and influencing factors of various measurement methods employed were compared and *** improvements were presented by several scholars have established the major applications and performance levels of soil moisture sensors,thereby setting the course for future *** studies indicated that soil moisture sensors in the future should be developed to achieve high-precision,low-cost,non-destructive,automated,and highly integrated ***,it was indicated that future studies should involve the development of specialized sensors for different applications and *** review research aimed to provide a certain reference for application departments and scientific researchers in the process of selecting soil moisture sensor products and measuring soil moisture.
This paper presents a fast and reliable approach to analyze the biogas production process with respect to the biogas production *** experimental data used for the developed models included 15 process variables measure...
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This paper presents a fast and reliable approach to analyze the biogas production process with respect to the biogas production *** experimental data used for the developed models included 15 process variables measured at an agricultural biogas plant in *** this context,the concentration of volatile fatty acids,total solids,volatile solids acid detergent fibre,acid detergent lignin,neutral detergent fibre,ammonium nitrogen,hydraulic retention time,and organic loading rate were *** neural networks(ANN)were established to predict the biogas production *** ant colony optimization and genetic algorithms were implemented to perform the variable *** identified the significant process variables,reduced the model dimension and improved the prediction capacity of the ANN *** best prediction of the biogas production rate was obtained with an error of prediction of 6.24%and a coefficient of determination of R2=0.9.
Research efforts for development of agricultural robots that can effectively perform tedious field tasks have grown significantly in the past *** robots are complex systems that require interdisciplinary collaboration...
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Research efforts for development of agricultural robots that can effectively perform tedious field tasks have grown significantly in the past *** robots are complex systems that require interdisciplinary collaborations between different research groups for effective task delivery in unstructured crops and plants *** the exception of milking robots,the extensive research works that have been carried out in the past two decades for adaptation of robotics in agriculture have not yielded a commercial product to *** accelerate this pace,simulation approach and evaluation methods in virtual environments can provide an affordable and reliable framework for experimenting with different sensing and acting mechanisms in order to verify the performance functionality of the robot in dynamic *** paper reviews several professional simulators and custom-built virtual environments that have been used for agricultural robotic *** key features and performance efficiency of three selected simulators were also compared.A simulation case study was demonstrated to highlight some of the powerful functionalities of the Virtual Robot Experimentation *** of the objects and scenes were presented as the proof-of-concept for using a completely simulated robotic platform and sensing systems in a virtual citrus *** was shown that the simulated workspace can provide a configurable and modular prototype robotic system that is capable of adapting to several field conditions and tasks through easy testing and debugging of control algorithms with zero damage risk to the real robot and to the actual *** review suggests that an open-source software platform for agricultural robotics will significantly accelerate effective collaborations between different research groups for sharing existing workspaces,algorithms,and reusing the materials.
Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein *** share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)*** their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced *** wheat gene...
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Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein *** share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)*** their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced *** wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice ***–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both ***–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing.
Digital farming is the practice of modern technologies such as sensors,robotics,and data analysis for shifting from tedious operations to continuously automated *** paper reviews some of the latest achievements in agr...
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Digital farming is the practice of modern technologies such as sensors,robotics,and data analysis for shifting from tedious operations to continuously automated *** paper reviews some of the latest achievements in agricultural robotics,specifically those that are used for autonomous weed control,field scouting,and *** identification,task planning algorithms,digitalization and optimization of sensors are highlighted as some of the facing challenges in the context of digital *** concepts of multi-robots,human-robot collaboration,and environment reconstruction from aerial images and ground-based sensors for the creation of virtual farms were highlighted as some of the gateways of digital *** was shown that one of the trends and research focuses in agricultural field robotics is towards building a swarm of small scale robots and drones that collaborate together to optimize farming inputs and reveal denied or concealed *** the case of robotic harvesting,an autonomous framework with several simple axis manipulators can be faster and more efficient than the currently adapted professional expensive *** robots are becoming the inseparable parts of the modern farms,our conclusion is that it is not realistic to expect an entirely automated farming system in the future.
作者:
To-Hung TsuiJonathan W.C.WongDepartment of Biology
Institute of Bioresource and AgricultureSino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta EnvironmentHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina
Municipal solid waste(MSW)management has emerged as probably the most pressing issue many governments nowadays are ***,Waste-to-Energy(WtE)is mostly associated with incineration,but now,with the emergence of the bioec...
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Municipal solid waste(MSW)management has emerged as probably the most pressing issue many governments nowadays are ***,Waste-to-Energy(WtE)is mostly associated with incineration,but now,with the emergence of the bioeconomy,it embraces a broader definition comprising any processing technique that can generate electricity/heat or produce a waste-derived *** the ambit of the circular economy many nations are looking for,additional effort must be made to be sure of acquiring the most updated information and paving a sustainable path for managing MSW in such a *** this regard,we have undertaken a critical review of various technologies,with their updated progress,involved in the exploitation of MSW as a renewable resource,along with the critical advantages and limitations on energy and material cycling for sustainable MSW ***,the most widely used method,is nowadays difficult to further apply due to its dubious reputation and social ***,to address the organic fraction of MSW which currently is mostly unrecycled and causes disposal issues,the biological approach presents an attractive *** new emphasis of bioeconomy leads us to understand how environmental biotechnologies should be better connected/integrated for more sustainable MSW *** article is concluded with advances of future prospects,which can serve as a timely reminder to encourage competent authorities/researchers to work towards further improvement of the present MSW management system.
Background:When auxiliary information in the form of airborne laser scanning(ALS)is used to assist in estimating the population parameters of interest,the benefits of prior information from previous inventories are no...
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Background:When auxiliary information in the form of airborne laser scanning(ALS)is used to assist in estimating the population parameters of interest,the benefits of prior information from previous inventories are not *** a simulation study,we compared three different approaches:1)using only current data,2)using nonupdated old data and current data in a composite estimator and 3)using updated old data and current data with a Kalman *** also tested three different estimators,namely i)Horwitz-Thompson for a case of no auxiliary information,ii)model-assisted estimation and iii)model-based *** compared these methods in terms of bias,precision and accuracy,as estimators utilizing prior information are not guaranteed to be ***:The largest standard errors were obtained when neither prior information nor auxiliary information were *** a growth model was not applied to update the old data,the resulting composite estimators were *** RMSEs were obtained using non-updated prior information in a composite *** the ALS data as auxiliary information produced smaller RMSE than using prior information from the old *** smallest RMSEs were obtained when both the auxiliary data and updated old data were *** growth updating the bias can be substantially reduced,although design-unbiasedness of the estimator cannot be ***:Prior information from old inventory data can be useful also when combined with highly accurate auxiliary information,when both data sources are efficiently *** benefits obtained from using the old data will increase if the past harvests can be detected without errors from changes in the auxiliary data instead of being predicted with models.
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