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How Can Practitioners Support Citizen Volunteers in Disaster Risk Reduction? Insight from “Good and Ready” in Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第03期15卷 374-387页

作者： Lo?c Le Dé Steve Ronoh Ei Mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology Pacific Health research centre Auckland University of Technology New Zealand Red Cross

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating communitybased disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the New Zealand Red Cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red Cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program.

关键词： Community-based approach Disaster risk reduction New Zealand Participation Volunteers

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Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies canopy effects on deposition of air pollutants

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第4期 38-50页

作者： Valentinas ?erniauskas Iveta Varnagiryt?-Kaba?inskien? Valda Araminien? Vidas Stak?nas Lithuanian research centre for Agriculture and Forestry Instituto Av.1

Tree canopies influence atmospheric pollutant depositions depending on type,ecosystem characteristics,and local climatic *** study investigated the impact of Pinus sylvestris *** Picea abies （L.） ***.,and a mixture of both,on the chemical composition of *** permanent plots within the ICP forest level II monitoring network in Lithuania were selected to illustrate typical hemiboreal coniferous *** study analysed（1） the concentrations of NO2,NH3and SO2in the ambient air;（2） the concentrations of SO42-,NO3-,NH4+,Na+,K+,Ca2+and Cl–in throughfall beneath canopies and in precipitation collected in an adjacent field,and （3） S and total N,Na+,K+,Ca2+and Cl-depositions in throughfall and precipitation over 2006–*** show a significant decrease in SO2emissions in the ambient air;NO2and NH3emissions also *** canopies reduced the acidity of throughfall,although they led to notably higher concentrations of SO42-,NO3-,Na+,and particularly K+.During the study,low variability in NO3–deposition and a decrease in NH4+deposition *** loads increased by 20–30% when precipitation passed through the *** cumulative deposition of S,Cl,Na,K,Ca,and N was greater under *** than under ***,K deposition in throughfall was considerably lower under *** compared to the *** or mixed *** S depositions declined across all three coniferous ***,there was no specific effect of tree species on throughfall chemistry.

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Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure,mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of ultra-high-strength SiC/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu composites

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第10期31卷 2233-2243页

作者： Guonan Ma Shize Zhu Dong Wang Peng Xue BolüXiao Zongyi Ma Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials Dongguan 523808China

A high-zinc composite,12vol%SiC/Al-13.3 Zn-3.27 Mg-1.07Cu(wt%),with an ultra-high-strength of 781 MPa was success-fully fabricated through a powder metallurgy method,followed by an extrusion *** effects of solid-solution and aging heat treat-ments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite were extensively *** with a single-stage sol-id-solution treatment,a two-stage solid-solution treatment(470℃/1 h+480℃/1 h)exhibited a more effective solid-solution strengthen-ing owing to the higher degree of solid-solution and a more uniform *** to the aging hardness curves of the com-posite,the optimized aging parameter(100℃/22 h)was *** the aging temperature and time resulted in finer and more uniform nanoscale precipitates but only yielded a marginal increase in tensile *** fractography analysis revealed that intergranu-lar cracking and interface debonding were the main fracture mechanisms in the ultra-high-strength SiC/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu *** regions,such as the SiC/Al interface containing numerous compounds and the precipitate-free zones at the high-angle grain boundaries,were identified as significant factors limiting the strength enhancement of the *** compounds,including MgO,MgZn2,and Cu5Zn8,reduced the interfacial bonding strength,leading to interfacial debonding.

关键词： metal matrix composites heat treatment interfacial reaction mechanical properties fracture mechanism

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Progress of gaseous arsenic removal from flue gas by adsorption:Experimental and theoretical calculations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 470-485页

作者： Xuelei Yan Qingzhu Li Xiaowei Huang Bensheng Li Shengtu Li Qingwei Wang School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Engineering research centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Engineering research Center for Rare Earth Materials General Research Institute for Non-Ferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

Because of its high mobility and difficult capture,gaseous arsenic pollution control has become the focus of arsenic pollution *** mainly exists in the form of highly toxic As_(2)O_(3)in the flue ***,removing gaseous As_(2)O_(3)from flue gas is of great practical significance for arsenic pollution *** gaseous As_(2)O_(3)on the surface of adsorbents by physical or chemical adsorption is an effective way to reduce the content of arsenic in the flue gas and alleviate arsenic *** the past few decades,various adsorbents have been developed to capture gaseous As_(2)O_(3)in the flue gas,and their adsorption mechanisms have been studied in ***,it is necessary to review the strategies of arsenic removal from flue gas by adsorption,which can inspire further *** on summarizing the morphological distribution of gaseous As_(2)O_(3)in the flue gas,this review further summarizes the removal of gaseous As_(2)O_(3)by several adsorbents and the effect of temperature and the main components of the flue gas on arsenic *** addition,the mechanism of arsenic removal based on adsorption in the flue gas is discussed in depth through theoretical calculations,which is the particular focus of this ***,prospects based on the present research state of arsenic removal by adsorption are proposed to provide ideas for developing effective and stable adsorbents for arsenic removal from flue gas.

关键词： Gaseous arsenic Flue gas Adsorption Theoretical calculation Mechanism

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Bio-analysis of Saliva Using Paper Devices and Colorimetric Assays

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第1期8卷 114-132页

作者： Adhan Narasimhan Harshil Jain Kowshika Muniandy Raja Chinnappan Naresh Kumar Mani Microfluidics Sensors and Diagnostics(μSenD)LaboratoryCentre for MicrofluidicsBiomarkersPhotoceutics&Sensors(μBioPS)Department of BiotechnologyManipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India College of Medicine Alfaisal UniversityRiyadh 11533SaudiArabia Tissue/Organ Bioengineering&BioMEMS Lab Organ Transplant Centre of ExcellenceTransplant Research&Innovation DepartmentKing Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CentreRiyadhSaudi Arabia

In light of the evolving nature of various diseases,time becomes a crucial factor in diagnosis and identifying the underlying causes.A point-of-care device provides a rapid diagnosis of a disease without using complex and advanced instruments,which are costly and difficult to transport.A paper-based device is a relatively frugal solution wherein the paper is used as a substratum in which the reactions are carried *** methods are non-invasive,and the sample collection is relatively *** is one such body fluid in which various biomarkers are present for numerous *** of saliva has attracted more attention recently due to its non-invasiveness and *** the discovery of clinical biomarkers from salivary analysis has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector by providing crucial information to monitor the health status of individuals and disease progression which enables personalized *** review provides the limitation of the traditional methods in clinical applications and highlights the significance of saliva as a non-invasive biological fluid that is a source of multiple biomarkers associated with various *** also provides insights into the different paper-based colorimetric microfluidic devices developed against salivary biomarkers in the past *** major challenges in the point-of-care application and the future prospects have been discussed as ***,we also emphasize the importance of this approach in dental disease diagnosis which is least explored and holds potential applications.

关键词： Paper-based assay Salivary analysis Non-invasive Point-of-care Body fluids Biomarkers Qualitative detection

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Are TrkB receptor agonists the right tool to fulfill the promises for a therapeutic value of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor?

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第1期19卷 29-34页

作者： Marta Zagrebelsky Martin Korte Division of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological InstituteTU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany Helmholtz centre for Infection research AG NINDBraunschweigGermany

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling via its receptor tro pomyosin receptor kinase B regulates several crucial physiological *** has been shown to act in the brain,promoting neuronal survival,growth,and plasticity as well as in the rest of the body where it is involved in regulating for instance aspects of the *** to its crucial and very pleiotro pic activity,reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and alterations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling have been found to be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological *** r,because of its poor bioavailability and pharmacological properties,brain-derived neurotrophic factor itself has a very low therapeutic ***,the concomitant binding of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the p75 neurotrophin receptor has the potential to elicit several unwanted and deleterious side *** re,developing tools and approaches to specifically promote tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling has become an important goal of translational *** the newly developed tools are different categories of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist *** this review,we give a comprehensive description of the diffe rent tro pomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs developed so far and of the res ults of their application in animal models of several neurological ***,we discuss the main benefits of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonists,concentrating especially on the new tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist *** benefits observed both in vitro and in vivo upon application of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs seem to predominantly depend on their general neuroprotective activity and their ability to promote neuronal ***,tro pomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies have been shown to specifically bind the tropomyosin recepto

关键词： Alzheimer's disease brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression Parkinson's disease tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor

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Multi-omics:Powerful accelerator for uncovering plant specialized metabolic pathways:The case of leonurine

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 13-15页

作者： Priyanka Gupta Anuj Sharma Dinesh A.Nagegowda Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsResearch CentreBengaluru 560065India Academy of Scientific and Innovative research Ghaziabad 201002India

As sessile organisms,plants employ a unique adaptive strategy to survive harsh terrestrial environments and defend against or interact with coevolving animals and *** strategy involves expanding their metabolic systems,resulting in the production of plant specialized metabolites(PSMs)or natural ***,PSMs constitute a highly diverse group of compounds based on their common core structure,comprising terpenoids,phenylpropanoids,benzenoids,alkaloids and nitrogen-containing compounds,glucosinolates,indoles and sulfur-containing indole compounds,phenolics,and fatty acid derivatives(Garagounis et al.,2021).

关键词： expanding alkaloids sulfur

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Surface activation of viscose textiles via air,argon,and oxygen dielectric barrier discharge plasma:influence of peak voltage

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第7期26卷 134-147页

作者： Shrouk ELASHRY Usama M.RASHED Mostafa A.WAHBA Hend M.AHMED Nabil M.ELSIRAGY Plasma Laboratory Physics DepartmentFaculty of scienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Physics Department Faculty of Science(Male)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Textile research Industrial Division National Research CentreDokkiGiza 12622Egypt

This paper discusses the use of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma treatment to enhance the surface qualities of viscose *** study explores the effects of different plasma gases,discharge voltages,and exposure times on the treated *** findings emphasize the importance of optimizing the plasma's peak voltage to achieve the desired surface treatment *** document also presents data on colour strength,wettability,colour fastness,and tensile strength of the treated fabrics,as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of surface morphology and chemical analysis using fouriertransition infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and energy dispersive X-ray(EDX).The results show that treatment at a peak voltage of 11.83 k V is more efficient,except for the tensile strength which is enhanced at a peak voltage of 8.92 k *** oxygen plasma treatment significantly improves the colour strength,which exhibits an increase from 11 to *** intensified colour was attributed to the significant influence of electrostatic interactions between the charged hydroxyl groups of the oxygen plasma treated viscose textiles and the dye molecules,which enhance the *** oxygen DBD plasma exhibits a higher ability to enhance the properties of textiles when compared to air and argon *** study presents a sustainable,economical,secure,and ecologically friendly approach to explore new fabrics for specific uses.

关键词： Lissajous diagrams printability wettability tensile strength SEM EDX FTIR

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Elucidating the Degradation Pathways of Human Insulin in the Solid State

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2024年第03期8卷 288-299页

作者： Andrew Fagan Lorraine M.Bateman Joseph P.O'Shea Abina M.Crean SSPC the SFI Centre for Pharmaceutical Research School of Pharmacy University College Cork School of Pharmacy University College Cork Analytical and Biological Chemistry research Facility (ABCRF) University College Cork School of Chemistry University College Cork

While there have been significant advances in the development of peptide oral dosage forms in recent years, highlighted by the clinical and commercial success of approved peptides such as Rybelsus?, there remain several barriers in the way of broad range applicability of this approach to peptide delivery. One such barrier includes the poor physical and chemical stability inherent to their structures, which persists in the solid state although degradation typically occurs at different rates and via different pathways in comparison to the solution state. Using insulin as a model peptide, this work sought to contribute to the development of analytical techniques for investigating common insulin degradation pathways. Chemically denatured,deamidated and aggregated samples were prepared and used to benchmark circular dichroism spectroscopy, reverse phase HPLC and size exclusion chromatography methods for the investigation of unfolding, chemical modifications and covalent aggregation of the insulin molecule respectively. Solid state degraded samples were prepared by heating insulin powder at 60 °C and 75% relative humidity for 1, 3, 5 and 7 d, and the degradation profiles of the samples were evaluated and compared with those observed in solution. While no unfolding was observed to occur, significant deamidation and covalent aggregation were detected. Reductive disulfide bond cleavage using dithiothreitol allowed for separation of the insulin A-and B-chains,offering a facile yet novel means of assessing the mechanisms of deamidation and covalent aggregation occurring in the solid state.

关键词： Biopharmaceutical analysis Covalent aggregation Deamidation Disulfide cleavage Insulin Solid state Stability

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Chrononutrition in traditional European medicine-Ideal meal timing for cardiometabolic health promotion

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第2期22卷 115-125页

作者： Nora Selena Eberli Ludivine Colas Anne Gimalac Department of Traditional European Medicine Navi Institute of Research in Integrative HealthEcole Professionnelle Superieure de NaturopathieCentre Andre Henzelin1066 EpalingesSwitzerland

Meal timing plays a crucial role for cardiometabolic health,given the circadian regulation of cardiometabolic ***,to the best of our knowledge,no concept of meal timing exists in traditional European medicine(TEM).Therefore,in this narrative review,we aim to define the optimal time slot for energy intake and optimal energy distribution throughout the day in a context of TEM and explore further *** reviewing literature published between 2002 and 2022,we found that optimal timing for energy intake may be between 06:00 and 09:00,12:00 and 14:00,and between 15:00 and18:00,with high energy breakfast,medium energy lunch and low energy dinner and possibly further adjustments according to one’s chronotype and ***,timing and distribution of energy intake may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to optimize coction,a concept describing digestion and metabolism in TEM.

关键词： Circadian rhythm Chrononutrition Naturopathy Traditional European medicine Metabolic syndrome Meal timing

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