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China CDC weekly 2022年第8期4卷 148-152页

作者： Xinyi Wang Shang Xia Jingbo Xue Zhengbin Zhou Yuanyuan Li Zelin Zhu Yi Zhang Qiang Wang Shizhu Li National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(MTZVL)cases in China have increased significantly between 2015 and 2020.A total of 25 regions had reemerged yielding 88 MT-ZVL indigenous cases,while the total number of visceral leishmaniasis cases *** is added by this report?The transmission risk of MT-ZVL showed a trend of patchy dissemination centered on major endemic areas and medium-high risk occurrence areas of Phlebotomus chinensis with discrete ***-point re-emergence and local outbreaks of MT-ZVL were trending in historically endemic *** are the implications for public health practice?Risk identification and early warnings of MT-ZVL are essential in formulating precise prevention and control strategies in *** frequent monitoring,establishing a mechanism of joint prevention and control,and highlighting health education are recommended.

关键词： prevention establishing precise

Elimination of Schistosomiasis Japonica in China:From the One Health Perspective

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China CDC weekly 2022年第7期4卷 130-134页

作者： Zhong Hong Lu Li Lijuan Zhang Qiang Wang Jing Xu Shizhu Li Xiao-nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Schistosomiasis japonica is caused by infection of Schistosoma japonicum(***),which infected 12 million residents in the 1950s in China and was a heavy burden to public health and socioeconomic development(1).After more than seven decades of effort to control schistosomiasis,the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been reduced dramatically in *** the 450 endemic counties(including city and district-level jurisdictions),74.89%(337/450),21.87%(98/450),and 3.33%(15/450)have achieved the criteria of elimination,transmission interruption,and transmission control of schistosomiasis,*** the overall endemic status of schistosomiasis remains at a low level,the strategies shifted from snail control to morbidity control and then to an integrated strategy that emphasized infection source ***,being a vector-borne and zoonotic disease,schistosomiasis japonica is intricately linked to multiple factors including biological,natural,and socioeconomic risk *** order to eliminate schistosomiasis earlier and more thoroughly,the One Health approach should be adopted,which focuses on solving complex health problems from a macro-level perspective of interactions among human,animal,and environment,emphasizing multi-institution,interdisciplinary,and cross-regional collaboration and communication.

关键词： Schistosomiasis eliminate thoroughly

Sentinel Surveillance of Schistosomiasis—China,2021

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China CDC weekly 2023年第12期5卷 278-282页

作者： Suying Guo Hui Dang Yinlong Li Lijuan Zhang Fan Yang Junyi He Chunli Cao Jing Xu Shizhu Li National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchNHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina

Introduction:This report analyzes the national surveillance data for schistosomiasis in 2021 to understand the current status and provide evidence for further policy actions to promote *** analysis is in line with the National Surveillance Plan of Schistosomiasis,which was revised in 2020 to adapt to the new stage of moving towards ***:Data from the 2021 national surveillance of schistosomiasis in humans,livestock,and snails were collected from 13 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological *** antibody-positive rate and area of newly discovered and re-emergent snail habitats were ***:In 2021,a total of 31,661 local residents and 101,558 transient population were screened for antibodies using indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA).Of those who tested positive,745 local residents and 438 transient population underwent further parasitological examination,with only one stool-positive result in the transient ***,12,966 livestock were examined using the miracidia hatching test,with no positives *** total area of newly discovered and re-emergent snail habitats was 957,702 m^(2) and 4,381,617 m^(2),*** infected snails were found using the microscopic dissection method,but six pooled snail samples were reported as positive using the loopmediated isothermal amplification method for detecting specific sequences of ***,in Anhui and Jiangxi ***:The prevalence of schistosomiasis among humans and livestock was found to be low,however,a potential transmission risk was identified in certain *** reduce the risk of transmission,a comprehensive control strategy should be continued and new techniques should be implemented in the surveillance and early warning system.

关键词： transient elimination Anhui

Adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration in East Africa. What influence farmers' decision?

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2020年第1期8卷 90-101页

作者： Stanley Karanja Ng'ang'a Dorcas Anyango Jalang'o Evan Hartunian Girvetz International centre for tropical Agriculture(CIAT) National Agricultural Research Laboratories-KawandaP.O.Box 6247KampalaUganda International centre for tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.Box 823-00621NairobiKenya

The last two decades have seen a rise of interest in the adoption and diffusion of agricultural technologies aimed at improving the sustainability of agricultural lands among smallholder farmers in developing *** papers set out to understand factors that influence the adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration among smallholder farmers,using secondary data recorded in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies(WOCAT)database from 45 to 50 smallholders'farmers in selected places in Kenya and Ethiopia respectively.A Probit model was used to analyse whether socio-economic,institutional,off-farm income,technical know-how,farmers'percep-tions,and land use characteristics influences the adoption of technologies that enhance soil carbon *** results show that smallholder farmers that positively perceived net benefits of the soil carbon enhancing technologies were more likely to adopt such technologies that enhance soil carbon sequestration in both *** to off-farm income and land ownership with title deeds were also found to be positively associated with ***-farm income positively influences adoption among farmer with a moderate income(100-500US$per year)but not the rich(>500US$)*** to high level of skills and technical know-how required for implementing and maintaining a technology on the farm had a negative influence on *** shows that interventions,aimed at addressing specific factors such as inadequate skills and knowledge,change in perception among farmers,and off-farm income are likely to have the greatest impact in decisions relating to the adoption of the soil carbon enhancing practices among farmers in East Africa.

关键词： Factors Influencing The adoption Soil carbon Sequestration East Africa

Drug resistance in the sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

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Cell research 2003年第4期13卷 239-249页

作者： REBECCA L DUNNE,LINDA A DUNN,PETER UPCROFT,PETERJO’DONOGHUE,JACQUELINE A UPCROFT The Queensland Institute of Medical research The Australian centre for International and tropical Health and Nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia Tie School of Molecular and Microbial Science University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical research The Australian centre for International and tropical Health and Nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical research The Australian centre for International and tropical Health and Nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia The School of Molecular and Microbial Science University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia The Queensland Institute of Medical research The Australian centre for International and tropical Health and Nutrition Brisbane Queensland 4029 Australia

Trichomoniasis is the most common, sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include vaginitis and infections have been associated with preterm delivery, low birth weight and increased infant mortality, as well as predisposing to HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer. Trichomoniasis has the highest prevalence and incidence of any sexually transmitted infection. The 5-nitroimidazole drugs, of which metronidazole is the most prescribed, are the only approved, effective drugs to treat trichomoniasis. Resistance against metronidazole is frequently reported and cross resistance among the family of 5-nitroimidazole drugs is common, leaving no alternative for treatment, with some cases remaining unresolved. The mechanism of metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis from treatment failures is not well understood, unlike resistance which is developed in the laboratory under increasing metronidazole pressure. In the latter situation, hydrogenosomal fu

关键词： Trichomonas vaginalis metronidazole pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase ferredoxin hydrogenase drug resistance.

Mitigating fire risks in hospitals:Are we primed and geared up?

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical medicine 2024年第3期17卷 141-142页

作者： Raman Sharma Sruti Sharma Department of Hospital Administration PGIMERChandigarhIndia Department of Hospital Administration Satellite CentreSangrurPGIMERChandigarhIndia

The recent incidents have confirmed that fires in COVID-19 hospitals have become a gruelling and nerve-testing challenge[1-3].The increased volumes of oxygen flow,abundance of inflammable alcohol sanitizers,wearing of inflammable kits,and abundance of equipment make it more acquiescent for such incidents and even difficult to *** density of equipment(especially ventilators)“enriches”air with oxygen,thereby increasing the“combustion risk”.

关键词： nit thereby control

Assessing the potential for satellite image monitoring of seagrass thermal dynamics:for inter-and shallow sub-tidal seagrasses in the inshore Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area,Australia

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第8期11卷 803-824页

作者： S.R.Phinn E.M.Kovacs C.M.Roelfsema R.F.Canto C.J.Collier L.J.McKenzie Remote Sensing research centre School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia centre for tropical Water and TERRAtic Ecosystem research(TropWATER) James Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia

Seagrass meadows are at increasing risk of thermal stress and recent work has shown that water temperature around seagrass meadows could be used as an indicator for seagrass *** thermal data have not been linked to the thermal properties of seagrass *** work assessed the covariation between 20 in situ average daily temperature logger measurement sites in tropical seagrass meadows and satellite derived daytime SST(sea surface temperature)from the daytime MODIS and Landsat sensors along the Great Barrier Reef coast in *** significant(R2=0.787–0.939)positive covariations were found between in situ seagrass logger temperatures and MODIS SST temperature and Landsat sensor temperatures at all sites along the *** MODIS SST were consistently higher than in situ temperature at the majority of the sites,possibly due to the sensor’s larger pixel size and location offset from field *** thermal data were lower than field-measured SST,due to differences in measurement scales and *** refined significantly and tested over larger areas,this approach could be used to monitor seagrass health over large(106 km2)areas in a similar manner to using satellite SST for predicting thermal stress for corals.

关键词： Seagrass temperature thermal tolerance satellite sea surface temperature Landsat MODIS Great Barrier Reef

Diversity and interaction of common bacterial blight disease-causing bacteria(Xanthomonas spp.) with Phaseolus vulgaris L.

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The Crop Journal 2019年第1期7卷 1-7页

作者： Joab K.Tugume Geoffrey Tusiime Allan Male Sekamate Robin Buruchara Clare Mugisha Mukankusi Makerere University Department of Agricultural Production International centre for tropical Agriculture (CIAT)/Pan African Bean research Alliance (PABRA)

Common bacterial blight(CBB) is associated with common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an important grain legume for human consumption worldwide. The disease, caused by Xanthomonas spp. is spread mainly through seed. This paper focuses on the diversity of *** pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans and interactions between related bacteria and the bean host. Review has suggested that the diversity and taxonomic studies of these pathogens are not exhaustive, especially in areas where detailed molecular analysis has not been conducted and previous characterizations were based on phenotypic features and PCR-based techniques. Also, no study has confirmed differential pathogenicity on bean genotypes based on compatible versus incompatible reactions. However, isolates react differently to wild and domesticated bean sources of resistance in common bean genetic backgrounds. A systematic approach will be required to investigate global changes in gene expression among different sources of resistance in a common bean *** bacterial isolates that cause CBB should be functionally characterized using genotypes containing major quantitative trait loci(QTL) for CBB resistance. These studies will increase understanding of resistance and how it is manipulated by pathogens.

关键词： Xanthomonas axonopodis Interaction Gene expression Diversity

Echovirus serotypes circulating in Malaysia from 2002 to 2013

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Asian Pacific Journal of tropical medicine 2016年第3期9卷 246-249页

作者： Jeyanthi Suppiah TS Saraswathy Subramaniam Amry Khursany Ismail Apandi Yusof Zainah Sa'at Virology unit Infectious Disease Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research

Objective:To identify the circulating serotypes of human echovinis in Malaysia from 2002 in ***:A toial of 31 retrospective samples from non-polio acute flacid paralysis,hand-food-and-mouth disease,viral meningitis and enterovirus cases were subjected to amplification of partial VPI gene by ***:Sequencing and phylogeneiic analysis of the partial sequences identified presence of human echovinis and human coxsackie *** was found that echovinis 11 was the commonly circulating serotype followed by *** *** *** *** 30 and echovinis I in decreasing *** two types of human coxsackie virus isolates were detected which were coxsackie A24 and ***:From the findings,there is a possibility that echovinis 11 is the predominant serotype among Malaysian patients with echovinis ***,a larger sample size will yield a more confident result to support this evidence.____________________

关键词： Echovirus VPI Malaysia Phylogenetic Serotype

Awareness and adoption of land,soil and water conservation practices in the Chinyanja Triangle,Southern Africa

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2017年第2期5卷 122-129页

作者： Nelson Mango Clifton Makate Lulseged Tamene Powell Mponela Gift Ndengu International centre for tropical Agriculture(CIAT) c/o Kawanda Research StationP.O.Box 6247KampalaUganda International centre for tropical Agriculture(CIAT) P.O.MP 228HarareZimbabwe International centre for tropical Agriculture(CIAT) c/o Chitedze Agricultural Research StationP.O.Box 158LilongweMalawi

The promotion of land,soil and water conservation measures has been a widespread development in sub-Saharan Africa in a bid to tackle degradation and improve *** a result,several gov-ernments have launched various campaigns on soil,land and water conservation *** aim of this study is to determine some of the factors that influence farmers'awareness(knowledge)and adoption of land,soil and water conservation *** for this study was collected from 312 households using a questionnaire survey in the Chinyanja Triangle of Southern *** study *** sampled from Tete province of Mozambique,central and southern regions of Malawi and eastern Province of *** used t-tests to classify adopters and non-adopters of soil,land and water con-servation measures and binomial logit models to identify the factors that infuence farmers'knowledge of conservation measures and adoption of land productivity *** results show that the household head's age,education,agricultural advice reception and farmer group membership are critical in raising *** the household head's age,education,agricultural advice reception,farmer group membership,pieces of land owned or used in production and land-to-man ratio influenced adoption *** study,therefore,concludes that in order to improve land productivity in the Chinyanja Triangle,there is a need to consider farmers'heterogeneity in terms of household head's age,level of education,extension services outreach,and socio-economic char *** suggests that governments'policies in the region should be aimed at improving farmers'level of education,extension delivery that will target the elderly and the youth,land ownership,credit access,and social capital such as group formation.

关键词： Conservation Agriculture Awareness Adoption Chinyanja Triangle