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Fast spreading of surface ozone in both temporal and spatial scale in Pearl River Delta

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 540-552页

作者： Tianhui Cao Haichao Wang Lei Li Xiao Lu Yiming Liu Shaojia Fan School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for climate Environment and Air Quality change in the Pearl River Estuary Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China

Surface ozone(O_(3))is a major air pollutant and draw increasing attention in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),***,we characterize the spatial-temporal variability of ozone based on a dataset obtained from 57 national monitoring sites during *** results show that:(1)the seasonal difference of ozone distribution in the inland and coastal areas was significant,which was largely affected by the wind pattern reversals related to the East Asian monsoon,and local ozone production and destruction;(2)the daily maximum 8hr average(MDA8 O_(3))showed an overall upward trend by 1.11 ppbv/*** the trends in the nine cities varied differently by ranging from-0.12 to 2.51 ppbv/*** hot spots of ozone were spreading to southwestern areas from the central areas since *** ozone is becoming a year-round air pollution problem with the pollution season extending to winter and spring in PRD region.(3)at the central and southwestern PRD cities,the percentage of exceedance days from the continuous type(defined as≥3 days)was ***,the ozone concentration of continuous type was much higher than that of scattered exceedance type(<3 days).In addition,although the occurrence of continuous type starts to decline since2017,the total number of exceedance days during the continuous type is *** results indicate that it is more difficult to eliminate the continuous exceedance than the scatter pollution days and highlight the great challenge in mitigation of O_(3)pollution in these cities.

关键词： Surface ozone pollution Ozone trend Spatial and temporal variability Pearl River Delta Pollution mitigation

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Uncertainties of ENSO-related Regional Hadley Circulation Anomalies within Eight Reanalysis Datasets

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 115-140页

作者： Yadi LI Xichen LI Juan FENG Yi ZHOU Wenzhu WANG Yurong HOU International Center for climate and Environment Sciences(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China College of Global change and Earth system Science(GCESS) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),the leading mode of global interannual variability,usually intensifies the Hadley Circulation(HC),and meanwhile constrains its meridional extension,leading to an equatorward movement of the jet *** studies have investigated the response of HC to ENSO events using different reanalysis datasets and evaluated their capability in capturing the main features of ENSO-associated HC ***,these studies mainly focused on the global HC,represented by a zonal-mean mass stream function(MSF).Comparatively fewer studies have evaluated HC responses from a regional perspective,partly due to the prerequisite of the Stokes MSF,which prevents us from integrating a regional *** this study,we adopt a recently developed technique to construct the three-dimensional structure of HC and evaluate the capability of eight state-of-the-art reanalyses in reproducing the regional HC response to ENSO *** show that all eight reanalyses reproduce the spatial structure of HC responses well,with an intensified HC around the central-eastern Pacific but weakened circulations around the Indo-Pacific warm pool and tropical *** spatial correlation coefficient of the three-dimensional HC anomalies among the different datasets is always larger than ***,these datasets may not capture the amplitudes of the HC responses *** uncertainty is especially large for ENSO-associated equatorially asymmetric HC anomalies,with the maximum amplitude in climate Forecast system Reanalysis(CFSR)being about 2.7 times the minimum value in the Twentieth Century Reanalysis(20CR).One should be careful when using reanalysis data to evaluate the intensity of ENSO-associated HC anomalies.

关键词： regional Hadley circulation ENSO atmosphere-ocean interaction reanalysis data

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Influences of Graupel Microphysics on CMA-GFS Simulation of Summer Regional Precipitation

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第1期38卷 27-38页

作者： Zhe LI Qijun LIU Zhanshan MA CMA Earth system Modeling and Prediction centre China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081

The horizontal resolution of global numerical weather prediction models is continuously developing. However, due to the imperfect precipitation simulation/forecast of these models, the demand for considering riming particles in cloud microphysical schemes in these models is increasing. This study employed the latest versions of global atmospheric reanalysis data (ERA5), the satellite retrieval data of the Global Precipitation Observation Program (GPM),and station precipitation observations to explore the impacts of adding graupel to the cloud microphysical scheme in the China Meteorological Administration-Global Forecast system (CMA-GFS) on summer regional precipitation simulations in four Chinese climate zones. The results verify that the new graupel scheme can enable CMA-GFS to decently predict global graupel distribution, especially in tropical and midlatitude regions. The addition of graupel in the cloud microphysics increases the precipitation simulation in North China, while that in Southwest China is weakened and dispersed. Moreover, graupel scheme increases the precipitation simulations of almost all *** increase in light rain is obvious, and the absolute value of heavy rain is strengthened. This may be because graupel quickly melts into rain after falling out of the zero-temperature layer due to its large mass and fast falling speed, increasing surface precipitation. In summary, the addition of graupel in the cloud microphysical scheme can improve CMA-GFS’s underestimation of strong precipitation.

关键词： graupel cloud microphysical scheme precipitation China Meteorological Administration-Global Forecast system(CMA-GFS) climate zone

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Physical mechanism of the rapid increase in intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves in the Northern Hemisphere since 1980

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2103-2121页

作者： Yuqing WANG Wen ZHOU Chunzai WANG Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-ocean-ice system for Weather and climate of the MOE Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Key Laboratory for Polar Science of the MNR Polar Research Institute of ChinaShanghai 201209China State Key Laboratory of tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Global Ocean and climate Research Center South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

Since 1980,both the intensity and duration of summer heatwaves in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere have significantly increased,leading this region to become a critical area for a significant increase in the frequency of intense and long-lived extreme *** found that stronger and more persistent high-pressure systems and lower soil moisture before the events were the main drivers of intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves in western Europe and the middle and high latitudes of North ***,in eastern Europe and Siberia,lower cloud cover before events is also a main driver of this type of extreme heatwave,in addition to the above *** factors are coupled with each other and can change heatwave intensity and duration by influencing surface radiation processes during *** the self-organizing map classification method,we found that 6 weather patterns with increased frequency,intensity,and duration were the main dynamic reasons leading to the increase in intense and long-lived extreme heatwaves after *** addition,the decrease in summer average soil moisture in most areas of the mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the decrease in average cloud cover in eastern Europe and Siberia are found to be the main thermodynamic reasons leading to the increase in these extreme heatwaves.

关键词： High intensity Long duration Extreme heatwaves High pressure system Soil moisture Cloud cover

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Reply to “Beyond microbial carbon use efficiency”

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 35-37页

作者： Feng Tao Johannes Lehmann Ying-Ping Wang Lifen Jiang Bernhard Ahrens Kostiantyn Viatkin Stefano Manzoni Benjamin Z.Houlton Yuanyuan Huang Xiaomeng Huang Yiqi Luo Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Soil and Crop Sciences Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell University CSIRO Environment Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Department of Physical Geography and Bolin centre for climate Research Stockholm University Department of Global Development Cornell University Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth system Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University

In their commentary, Xiao et al.[1]cautioned that the conclusions on the critical role of microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) in global soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in the paper by Tao et al.[2] might be too *** claimed that Tao et al.’s study lacked mechanistic consideration of SOC formation and excluded important data *** et al. brought up important points,which can be largely reconciled with our findings by understanding the differences in expressing processes in empirical studies and in models.

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Typhoon-and pollution-driven enhancement of reactive bromine in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 93-101页

作者： Shanshan Wang Qinyi Li Ruifeng Zhang Anoop Sharad Mahajan Swaleha Inamdar Nuria Benavent Sanbao Zhang Ruibin Xue Jian Zhu Chenji Jin Yan Zhang Xiao Fu Alba Badia Rafael P.Fernandez Carlos A.Cuevas Tao Wang Bin Zhou Alfonso Saiz-Lopez Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and climate Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas CabreraCSIC Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Environment Research Institute Shandong University centre for climate change Research Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyMinistry of Earth Sciences Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University Sostenipra Research Group Institute of Environmental Science and Technology(ICTA)Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona(UAB) Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (ICB) National Research Council (CONICET)

Tropospheric reactive bromine is important for atmospheric chemistry,regional air pollution,and global *** studies have reported measurements of atmospheric reactive bromine species in different environments,and proposed their main sources,***-salt aerosol（SSA）,oceanic biogenic activity,polar snow/ice,and *** and other strong cyclonic activities（***） induce abrupt changes in different earth system processes,causing widespread destructive ***,the role of typhoons in regulating reactive bromine abundance and sources remains ***,we report field observations of bromine oxide（BrO）,a critical indicator of reactive bromine,on the Huaniao Island（HNI）in the East China Sea in July *** observed high levels of BrO below 500 m with a daytime average of9.7±4.2 pptv and a peak value of ～26 pptv under the influence of a *** field measurements,supported by model simulations,suggest that the typhoon-induced drastic increase in wind speed amplifies the emission of SSA,significantly enhancing the activation of reactive bromine from SSA *** also detected enhanced BrO mixing ratios under high NOxconditions（ppbv level） suggesting a potential pollution-induced mechanism of bromine release from *** elevated levels of atmospheric bromine noticeably increase ozone destruction by as much as ～40% across the East China *** the high frequency of cyclonic activity in the northern hemisphere,reactive bromine chemistry is expected to play a more important role than previously thought in affecting coastal air quality and atmospheric oxidation *** suggest that models need to consider the hitherto overlooked typhoon-and pollution-mediated increase in reactive bromine levels when assessing the synergic effects of cyclonic activities on the earth system.

关键词： reactive bromine atmospheric chemistry marine boundary layer atmospheric oxidation capacity marine emission

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Increased glacier melt enhances future extreme floods in the southern Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in climate change Research 2024年第3期15卷 431-441页

作者： He SUN Tan-Dong YAO Feng-Ge SU Tinghai Ou Zhihua HE Guoqiang TANG Deliang CHEN State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth system Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Regional climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden centre for Hydrology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 1K2Canada climate and Global Dynamics National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulder CO 80307USA

Mountainous areas are of special hydrological concern because topography and atmospheric conditions can result in large and sudden floods,posing serious risks to water-related safety in neighbouring *** Yarlung Zangbo(YZ)River basin is the largest river basin on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),but how floods will discharge in this basin and how the role of glacier melt in floods will change throughout the 21st-century under shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)remain ***,we comprehensively address this scientific question based on a well-validated large-scale glacier-hydrology *** results indicate that extreme floods was projected to increase in the YZ basin,and was mainly reflected in increased duration(4–10 d per decade)and intensity(153–985 m^(3)s^(−1)per decade).Glacier runoff was projected to increase(2–30 mm per decade)throughout the 21st-century,but there was also a noticeable decrease or deceleration in glacier runoff growth in the late first half of the century under the SSP2-4.5,and in the latter half of the century under the *** melt was projected to enhance the duration(12%–23%)and intensity(15%–21%)of extreme floods under both SSPs,which would aggravate the impact of future floods on the socioeconomics of the YZ *** effect was gradually overwhelmed by precipitation-induced floods from glacier areas to YZ *** study takes the YZ basin as a projection framework example to help enrich the understanding of future flood hazards in basins affected by rainfall-or meltwater across the TP,and to help policy-makers and water managers develop future plans.

关键词： floods glacier Tibetan

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Summer Atmospheric Water Cycle under the Transition Influence of the Westerly and Summer Monsoon over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the Southern Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 830-846页

作者： Qianhui MA Chunyan ZHANG Donghai WANG Zihao PANG School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Meteorological Data Center Guangdong Meteorological ServiceGuangzhou 510080China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

This study compares the summer atmospheric water cycle,including moisture sources and consumption,in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in the southern Tibetan *** evolutions of moisture properties under the influence of the westerly and summer southerly monsoon are examined using 5-yr multi-source measurements and ERA5 reanalysis *** that moisture consumption in this study is associated with clouds,precipitation,and diabatic *** to the midstream and downstream regions,the upstream region has less moisture,clouds,and precipitation,where the moisture is brought by the *** early August,the vertical wet advection over this region becomes enhanced and generates more high clouds and *** midstream region has moisture carried by the westerly in June and by the southerly monsoon from July to *** higher vertical wet advection maximum here forms more high clouds,with a precipitation peak in early *** downstream region is mainly affected by the southerly-driven wet *** rich moisture and strong vertical wet advection here produce the most clouds and precipitation among the three regions,with a precipitation peak in late *** height of the maximum moisture condensation is different between the midstream region(325 hPa)and the other two regions(375 hPa),due to the higher upward motion maximum in the midstream *** diabatic heating structures show that stratiform clouds dominate the upstream region,stratiform clouds and deep convection co-exist in the midstream region,and deep convection systems characterize the downstream region.

关键词： Yarlung Zangbo River Basin atmospheric water cycle constrained variational analysis moisture source and consumption

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Local climate change Induced by Urbanization on a South China Sea Island

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Journal of tropical Meteorology 2024年第1期30卷 11-19页

作者：郝宇李磊陈柏纬孙伟戴永久 School of Atmospheric Sciences Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Sun Yatsen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for climate Environment and Air Quality change in the Pearl River Estuary ZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Key Laboratory of tropical Atmosphere-Ocean system Ministry of EducationSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519082 China Guangdong Provincial Marine Meteorology Science Data Center Guangzhou 510640 China Hong Kong Observatory KowloonHongkong 999077 China Meteorological Bureau of Sansha City SanshaHainan 573199 China

The South China Sea is a hotspot for regional climate *** the past 40 years,considerable improvement has been made in the development and utilization of the islands in the South China Sea,leading to a substantial change in the land-use of the ***,research on the impact of human development on the local climate of these islands is *** study analyzed the characteristics of local climate changes on the islands in the South China Sea based on data from the Yongxing Island Observation Station and ERA5 ***,the influence of urbanization on the local climate of the South China Sea islands was explored in this *** findings revealed that the 10-year average temperature in Yongxing Island increased by approximately 1.11℃from 1961 to 2020,and the contribution of island development and urbanization to the local warming rate over 60 years was approximately 36.2%.The linear increasing trend of the annual hot days from 1961–2020 was approximately 14.84 days per *** diurnal temperature range exhibited an increasing trend of 0.05℃per decade,whereas the number of cold days decreased by 1.06days per *** rapid increase in construction on Yongxing Island from 2005 to 2021 led to a decrease in observed surface wind speed by 0.32 m s^(-1)per ***,the number of days with strong winds decreased,whereas the number of days with weak winds ***,relative humidity exhibited a rapid decline from 2001 to 2016 and then *** study also found substantial differences between the ERA5 re-analysis and observation data,particularly in wind speed and relative humidity,indicating that the use of re-analysis data for climate resource assessment and climate change evaluation on island areas may not be feasible.

关键词： local climate climate change Yongxing Island a South China Sea island climate change induced by urbanization

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Differences in Precipitation and Related Wind Dynamics and Moisture and Heat Features in Separate Areas of the South China Sea before and after Summer Monsoon Onset

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1643-1660页

作者： Chunyan ZHANG Donghai WANG Kaifeng ZHANG Wanwen HE Yanping ZHENG Yan XU Guangdong Meteorological Data Center Guangdong Meteorological BureauGuangzhou 510640China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesKey Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean SystemMinistry of EducationZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China National Observation and Research Station of Coastal Ecological Environments in Macao Macao Environmental Research InstituteMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China Foshan Meteorological Service Foshan 528000China Ningjiang District Meteorological Bureau Songyuan 138000China

Using surface and balloon-sounding measurements, satellite retrievals, and ERA5 reanalysis during 2011–20, this study compares the precipitation and related wind dynamics, moisture and heat features in different areas of the South China Sea(SCS) before and after SCS summer monsoon onset(SCSSMO). The rainy sea around Dongsha(hereafter simply referred to as Dongsha) near the north coast, and the rainless sea around Xisha(hereafter simply referred to as Xisha) in the western SCS, are selected as two typical research subregions. It is found that Dongsha, rather than Xisha, has an earlier and greater increase in precipitation after SCSSMO under the combined effect of strong low-level southwesterly winds, coastal terrain blocking and lifting, and northern cold air. When the 950-h Pa southwesterly winds enhance and advance northward, accompanied by strengthened moisture flux, there is a strong convergence of wind and moisture in Dongsha due to a sudden deceleration and rear-end collision of wind by coastal terrain blocking. Moist and warm advection over Dongsha enhances early and deepens up to 200 h Pa in association with the strengthened upward motion after SCSSMO, thereby providing ample moisture and heat to form strong precipitation. However, when the 950-h Pa southwesterly winds weaken and retreat southward, Xisha is located in a wind-break area where strong convergence and upward motion centers move in. The vertical moistening and heating by advection in Xisha enhance later and appear far weaker compared to that in Dongsha, consistent with later and weaker precipitation.

关键词： Dongsha Xisha South China Sea summer monsoon onset precipitation wind dynamics moisture heat

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