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Dynamic membrane bioreactor performance enhancement by powdered activated carbon addition:Evaluation of sludge morphological,aggregative and microbial properties

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 73-83页

作者： Zhenzhen Yu Yisong Hu Mawuli Dzakpasu Xiaochang C.Wang Huu Hao Ngo Key Lab of Northwest water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology International Science & technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative water Resources Development Key Lab of Environmental Engineering centre for technology in water and wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney

The effects of powdered activated carbon(PAC) addition on sludge morphological, aggregative and microbial properties in a dynamic membrane bioreactor(DMBR) were investigated to explore the enhancement mechanism of pollutants removal and filtration performance. Sludge properties were analyzed through various analytical measurements. The results showed that the improved sludge aggregation ability and the evolution of microbial communities affected sludge morphology in PAC-DMBR, as evidenced by the formation of large, regularly shaped and strengthened sludge flocs. The modifications of sludge characteristics promoted the formation process and filtration flux of the dynamic membrane(DM) layer. Additionally, PAC addition did not exert very significant influence on the propagation of eukaryotes(protists and metazoans)and microbial metabolic activity. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that adding PAC improved the bacterial diversity in activated sludge, as PAC addition brought about additional microenvironment in the form of biological PAC(BPAC), which promoted the enrichment of Acinetobacter(13.9%), Comamonas(2.9%), Flavobacterium(0.31%) and Pseudomonas(0.62%), all contributing to sludge flocs formation and several(such as Acinetobacter) capable of biodegrading relatively complex organics. Therefore, PAC addition could favorably modify sludge properties from various aspects and thus enhance the DMBR performance.

关键词： Dynamic membrane bioreactor Powdered activated carbon Sludge property Filtration performance wastewater treatment Microbial community

Analysis of Sydney＇s recycled water schemes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第4期7卷 608-615页

作者： Zhuo CHEN Huu Hao NGO Wenshan GUO Xiaochang WANGt centre for technology in water and wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Sydney 2007 Australia School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 China

Recycled water provides a viable opportunity to partially supplement fresh water supplies as well as substantially alleviate environmental loads. Currently, thousands of recycled water schemes have been success- fully conducted in a number of countries and Sydney is one of the leading cities, which has made massive effort to apply water reclamation, recycling and reuse. This study aims to make a comprehensive analysis of recycled water schemes in Sydney for a wide range of end uses such as landscape irrigation, industrial process uses and residential uses （e.g., golf course irrigation, industrial cooling water reuse, toilet flushing and clothes washing etc.）. For each representative recycled water scheme, this study investi- gates the involved wastewater treatment technologies, the effluent quality compared with specified guideline values and public attitudes toward different end uses. Based on these obtained data, multi criteria analysis （MCA） in terms of risk, cost-benefit, environmental and social aspects can be performed. Consequently, from the analytical results, the good prospects of further expansion and exploration of current and new end uses were identified toward the integrated water planning and management. The analyses could also help decision makers in making a sound judgment for future recycled water projects.

关键词： recycled water schemes end use waterquality public attitudes integrated water planning andmanagement

Towards a universal optimization of the performance of sand storage dams in arid and semi-arid areas by systematically minimizing vulnerability to siltation:A case study in Makueni,Kenya

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第3期33卷 221-233页

作者： Josep de Trincheria Walter Filho Leal Ralf Otterpohl Institute of wastewater Management and water Protection Hamburg University of Technology Research and Transfer centre "Sustainable Development and Climate Change Management" Hamburg University of Applied Sciences

Sand storage dams are hydraulic retention structures that increase the volume of coarse sediments in seasonal sandy streams by exclusively blocking the bedload transport during runoff events. However,siltation of fine grain particles, which are transported as part of the suspended load, is a major factor causing sand storage dams to perform poorly. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hydrological performance and cost-efficiency of 30 sand storage dams. This study also aimed to increase the understanding of critical factors which may affect the performance and lead to siltation of sand storage reservoirs. The analysis was based on a physical survey of 30 sand storage dams that were built in onestage in southeastern Kenya. Most of the study sites had the capacity to produce sand. However, the reservoirs suffered from severe siltation, which caused generalized low annual yields, reduced supply capacities, and low cost-efficiency. It is argued that the main factors for the poor performance were the high inter-and intra-annual variability of bedload transport, which coupled with the construction of onestage spillways, led to siltation of the reservoirs. Thus, large volumes of fine grain particles accumulated in the reservoirs during runoff events with bedload layer heights lower than the height of the one-stage spillways. To systematically maximize the robustness to the inherent variability of bedload transport, and ensure optimal performance levels by systematically minimizing siltation, spillways should be built in stages of reduced height. Thus, the lower the stage height, the higher the probability of maximizing the accumulation of coarse sediment. It is estimated that a multi-stage construction process with stage heights of 20 cm would have produced a performance 26 times higher. This implies that the 30 reservoirs would have had the capacity to supply 8516 people as compared to the current supply capacity of 330 people. Improvements in the performance of sa

关键词： Bedload transport variability Spillway Multi-stage construction

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第4期20卷 398-403页

作者： PENG Yongzhen HOU Hongxun WANG Shuying CUI Youwei Zhiguo Yuan Key Laboratory of Beijing for water Environment Recovery Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100022 China Advanced wastewater Management centre （AWMC） the University of Queensland St. Lucia Brisbane 4072 Australia

To achieve high efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the rule of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification phosphorus removal （SNDPR）, a whole course of SNDPR damage and recovery was studied in a pilot-scale, anaerobicanoxic oxidation ditch （OD）, where the volumes of anaerobic zone, anoxic zone, and ditches zone of the OD system were 7, 21, and 280 L, respectively. The reactor was fed with municipal wastewater with a flow rate of 336 L/d. The concept of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） rate （rSND） was put forward to quantify SND. The results indicate that：（1） high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were achieved during the stable SND phase, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphate （TP） removal rates were 80% and 85%, respectively; （2） when the system was aerated excessively, the stability of SND was damaged, and rSND dropped from 80% to 20% or less; （3） the natural logarithm of the ratio of NOx to NH4^＋ in the effluent had a linear correlation to oxidation-reduction potential （ORP）; （4） when NO3^- was less than 6 mg/L, high phosphorus removal efficiency could be achieved; （5） denitrifying phosphorus removal （DNPR） could take place in the anaerobic-anoxic OD system. The major innovation was that the SND rate was devised and quantified.

关键词： oxidation ditch biological nitrogen removal biological phosphorus removal simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) pilot scale municipal wastewater

Mesoporous WO_3-graphene photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye under visible light illumination

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 328-337页

作者： Adel A.Ismail M.Faisal Adel Al-Haddad wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Technologies (WTRT) Water Research Center Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research Advanced Materials and Nano-Research centre Najran University

Advanced oxidation technologies are a friendly environmental approach for the remediation of industrial wastewaters. Here, one pot synthesis of mesoporous WO3 and WO3-graphene oxide（GO） nanocomposites has been performed through the sol–gel method. Then, platinum（Pt） nanoparticles were deposited onto the WO3 and WO3-GO nanocomposite through photochemical reduction to produce mesoporous Pt/WO3 and Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction（XRD） findings exhibit a formation of monoclinic and triclinic WO3 phases. Transmission Electron Microscope（TEM） images of Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites exhibited that WO3 nanoparticles are obviously agglomerated and the particle sizes of Pt and WO3 are ~ 10 nm and 20–50 nm, respectively. The mesoporous Pt/WO3 and Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites were assessed for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue（MB） as a probe molecule under visible light *** findings showed that mesoporous Pt/WO3, WO3-GO and Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites exhibited much higher photocatalytic efficiencies than the pure WO3. The photodegradation rates by mesoporous Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites are 3, 2 and 1.15 times greater than those by mesoporous WO3, WO3-GO, and Pt/WO3, respectively. The key factors of the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites could be explained by the highly freedom electron transfer through the synergetic effect between WO3 and GO sheets, in addition to the Pt nanoparticles that act as active sites for O2 reduction, which suppresses the electron hole pair recombination in the Pt/WO3-GO nanocomposites.

关键词： Mesoporous Pt/WO3 nanocomposites Graphene oxide Methylene Blue photodegradation Visible light

Advanced purification of filtered water by aerobic IBAC

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Journal of Harbin Institute of technology(New Series) 2007年第1期14卷 29-32页

作者：马放秦松岩黄鹏单羿 School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Joint Research centre for water and wastewater Treatment technology Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Conventional water purified processes have low removal efficiencies for low concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and micro-pollutants. The efficiency and mechanisms of a novel immobilized biological activated carbon (IBAC) process to remove those pollutants from treated potable water was investigated. Operated at a hydraulic retention time of 24 minutes, the IBAC process achieved ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and organic micro-pollutants (measured as COD equivalent) removal efficiencies of 95%, 96% and 37%, respectively. A GC/MS analysis of the organic micro-pollutants revealed that the initial 24 organic compounds in the in-coming water were reduced to 7 after the IBAC treatment. The organic micro-pollutant removal efficiency decreased with decreasing in-coming concentrations. Pollutant reduction in the IBAC process was achieved by a rapid physical adsorption on the activated carbon, which effectively retained the pollutants in the system despite the short hydraulic retention time, followed by a slower biological enzymatic degradation of the pollutants.

关键词： Dongjiang river IBAC GAC ammonia and nitrite nitrogen removal

Occurrence and formation potential of nitrosamines in river water and ground water along the Songhua River, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第12期28卷 65-71页

作者： Xianze Wang Zhongmou Liu Chi Wang Zhian Ying Wei Fan Wu Yang School of Environment Northeast Normal University Changchun 130117 China Jilin Engineering Research centre for Municipal wastewater Treatment and water Quality Protection Changchun 130117 China

The presence of mutagenic and carcinogenic nitrosamines in water is of great concern. In this study, seven nitrosamines including N-nitrosodimethylamine （NDMA）, N-nitrosodiethylamine （NDEA）, N-nitrosomethylethylamine （NMEA）, N-nitrosopyrrolidine （NPyr）, N-nitrosopiperidine （NPip）, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine （NDPA）, and N-nitrosodi-n-butyl-amine （NDBA） were investigated in river water and ground water samples collected from 5 representative cities （Jilin, Songyuan, Harbin, Jiamusi and Tongjiang） along the Songhua River. The total concentrations of nitrosamines in ground water were n.d. （not detected） to 60.8 ng/L, NDMA was the most frequently detected nitrosamines in ground water, followed by NDEA and NPip. Relatively high detected frequency and concentrations of NDMA were also observed in river water samples, and the total nitrosamines＇ concentration at midstream is always higher than that at upstream and downstream. After 24 hr chlorination, concentration of NDMA, NDBA was obviously increased but NDEA was reduced. Furthermore, UV2s4 showed a better relationship with NDMA-FP rather than dissolved organic carbon （DOC）. NI-h-N. and TDN.

关键词： Nitrosamine Ground water Songhua River

Unlocking the electrocatalytic activity of natural chalcopyrite using mechanochemistry

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 275-283页

作者： Zhijie Chen Renji Zheng Wenfei Wei Wei Wei Bing-Jie Ni Hong Chen centre for technology in water and wastewater School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyNSW 2007Australia State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface water-Groundwater Pollution Control Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials(SKLISEM)School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Manipulating the structure self-reconstruction of transition metal sulfide-based(pre)catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER) process is of great interest for developing cost-effective OER catalysts,which remains a central challenge. Here we realize a deep structure self-reconstruction of natural chalcopyrite to unlock its OER performance via mechanochemical activation. Compared with the manually milled counterpart(CuFeS_(2)-HM), the mechanically milled catalyst(CuFeS_(2)-BM) with a reduced crystallinity exhibits a 7.11 times higher OER activity at 1.53 V vs. RHE. In addition, the CuFeS_(2)-BM requires a low overpotential of 243 mV for generating 10 mA cm^(-2) and exhibits good stability over 24 h. Further investigations suggest that the excellent OER performance of CuFeS_(2)-BM mainly originates from the decreased crystallinity induced the in situ deep structure self-reconstruction of the originally sulfides into the electroactive and stable metal(oxy)hydroxide phase(e.g., a-Fe OOH) via S etching under OER conditions. This study demonstrates that regulating the crystallinity of catalysts is a promising design strategy for developing highly efficient OER catalysts via managing the structure self-reconstruction process, which can be further extended to the design of efficient catalysts for other advanced energy conversion devices. In addition, this study unveils the great potentials of engineering abundant natural minerals as cost-effective catalysts for diverse applications.

关键词： Mechanochemistry Crystallinity Oxygen evolution reaction Self-reconstruction Mineral electrocatalysts

Polytitanium sulfate(PTS):Coagulation application and Ti species detection

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第2期29卷 250-258页

作者： Yanxia Zhao Sherub Phuntsho Baoyu Gao Hokyong Shon Shandong Key Laboratory of water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250100China centre for technology in water and wastewater School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of TechnologySydneyBroadwayNSW 2007Australia Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanclong UniversityJinan 250100China

Interest in the development of inorganic polymerized coagulants is growing; however, there are only limited studies on the synthesis of polytitanium coagulants, which are expected to exhibit improved coagulation efficiency with better floc properties. This study presents the synthesis of polytitanium sulfate（PTS） for potential application in water purification,followed by characterization of PTS flocs and titanium species detection. Stable PTS solutions were successfully synthesized and standard jar tests were conducted to evaluate their coagulation efficiency. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry（ESI-TOF-MS） speciation analysis revealed that a variety of mononuclear and polynuclear complexes were formed in PTS solution, indicating the polymeric nature of the synthesized coagulant. Floc characteristics were studied through on-line monitoring of floc size using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Results showed that PTS had a comparable or in some cases even higher organic matter and particulate removal efficiency than Ti（SO4）*** effluent p H after PTS coagulation significantly improved toward desirable values closer to neutral p H. Properties of flocs formed by PTS were significantly improved in terms of floc size, growth rate and structure. This study showed that PTS could be an efficient and promising coagulant for water purification, with the additional benefit that its coagulated sludge can be used to recover valuable TiO2 nanoparticles for various commercial applications.

关键词： Polytitanium sulfate Coagulation and flocculation Titanium species Floc properties