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Comparison of virus-capsid mimicking biologic-shell based versus polymeric-shell nanoparticles for enhanced oral insulin delivery

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2023年第5期18卷 125-135页

作者： Zhixiang Cui Shuman Cui Lu Qin Yalin An Xin Zhang Jian Guan Tin Wui Wong Shirui Mao School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China Particle design Research Group Faculty of PharmacyUniversiti Teknologi MARA SelangorPuncak Alam 42300Malaysia Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research centre Smart Manufacturing Research InstituteUniversiti Teknologi MARA SelangorPuncak Alam 42300Malaysia

Virus-capsid mimicking mucus-permeable nanoparticles are promising oral insulin carriers which surmount intestinal mucus ***,the impact of different viruscapsid mimicking structure remains *** this study,utilizing biotin grafted chitosan as the main skeleton,virus-mimicking nanoparticles endowed with biologicshell(streptavidin coverage)and polymeric-shell(hyaluronic acid/alginate coating)were designed with insulin as a model drug by self-assembly *** was demonstrated that biologic-shell mimicking nanoparticles exhibited a higher intestinal trans-mucus(>80%,10 min)and transmucosal penetration efficiency(1.6–2.2-fold improvement)than polymeric-shell *** mechanism studies revealed caveolae-mediated endocytosis was responsible for the absorption of biologic-shell mimicking nanoparticles whereas polymeric-shell mimicking nanoparticles were characterized by clathrin-mediated pathway with anticipated lysosomal insulin ***,in vivo hypoglycemic study indicated that the improved effect of regulating blood sugar levels was virus-capsid structure dependent out of which biologic-shell mimicking nanoparticles presented the best performance(5.1%).Although the findings of this study are encouraging,much more work is required to meet the standards of clinical *** together,we highlight the external structural dependence of virus-capsid mimicking nanoparticles on the mucopenetrating and uptake mechanism of enterocytes that in turn affecting their in vivo absorption,which should be pondered when engineering virus-mimicking nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery.

关键词： Oral insulin Streptavidin Virus-mimicking Nanoparticles Muco-penetrating Mucus

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A regularization scheme for explicit level-set XFEM topology optimization

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2019年第2期14卷 153-170页

作者： Markus J.GEISS Jorge L.BARRERA Narasimha BODDETI Kurt MAUTE Ann and H.J.Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO 80309-0429USA Singapore University of Technology and design SUTD Digital Manufacturing and Design CentreSingapore 487372Singapore

Regularization of the level-set(LS)field is a critical part of LS-based topology optimization(TO)*** this is achieved by advancing the LS field through the solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation combined with a reinitialization *** approach,however,may limit the maximum step size and introduces discontinuities in the design ***,energy functionals and intermediate LS value penalizations have been *** paper introduces a novel LS regularization approach based on a signed distance field(SDF)which is applicable to explicit LSbased *** SDF is obtained using the heat method(HM)and is reconstructed for every design in the optimization *** governing equations of the HM,as well as the ones describing the physical response of the system of interest,are discretized by the extended finite element method(XFEM).Numerical examples for pro?blems modeled by linear elasticity,nonlinear hyperelasticity and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two and three dimensions are presented to show the applicability of the proposed scheme to a broad range of design optimization problems.

关键词： level-set regularization explicit level-sets XFEM CutFEM topology optimization heat method signed distance field nonlinear structural mechanics fluid mechanics

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A framework for dynamic modelling of railway track switches considering the switch blades,actuators and control systems

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第2期32卷 162-176页

作者： Saikat Dutta Tim Harrison Christopher Ward Roger Dixon Phil Winship Institute of Thermofluids School of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireUK Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK Birmingham centre for Railway Research and Education School of EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Network Rail Milton KeynesBuckinghamshireUK

The main contribution of this paper is the development and demonstration of a novel methodology that can be followed to develop a simulation twin of a railway track switch system to test the functionality in a digital *** is important because,globally,railway track switches are used to allow trains to change routes;they are a key part of all railway ***,because track switches are single points of failure and safety-critical,their inability to operate correctly can cause significant delays and concomitant *** order to better understand the dynamic behaviour of switches during operation,this paper has developed a full simulation twin of a complete track switch *** approach fuses finite element for the rail bending and motion,with physics-based models of the electromechanical actuator system and the control ***,it provides researchers and engineers the opportunity to explore and understand the design space around the dynamic operation of new switches and switch machines before they are *** is useful for looking at the modification or monitoring of existing switches,and it becomes even more important when new switch concepts are being considered and *** simulation is capable of running in real time or faster meaning designs can be iterated and checked *** paper describes the modelling approach,demonstrates the methodology by developing the system model for a novel“REPOINT”switch system,and evaluates the system level performance against the dynamic performance requirements for the *** the context of that case study,it is found that the proposed new actuation system as designed can meet(and exceed)the system performance requirements,and that the fault tolerance built into the actuation ensures continued operation after a single actuator failure.

关键词： Railway track switch Mathematical modelling Redundant actuation Finite element analysis

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Least Squares Evaluations for Form and Profile Errors of Ellipse Using Coordinate Data

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第5期29卷 1020-1028页

作者： LIU Fei XU Guanghua LIANG Lin ZHANG Qing LIU Dan School of Mechanical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing systems Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern design and Rotor-Bearing system Xi'an Jiaotong University

To improve the measurement and evaluation of form error of an elliptic section, an evaluation method based on least squares fitting is investigated to analyze the form and profile errors of an ellipse using coordinate data. Two error indicators for defining ellipticity are discussed, namely the form error and the profile error, and the difference between both is considered as the main parameter for evaluating machining quality of surface and profile. Because the form error and the profile error rely on different evaluation benchmarks, the major axis and the foci rather than the centre of an ellipse are used as the evaluation benchmarks and can accurately evaluate a tolerance range with the separated form error and profile error of workpiece. Additionally, an evaluation program based on the LS model is developed to extract the form error and the profile error of the elliptic section, which is well suited for separating the two errors by a standard program. Finally, the evaluation method about the form and profile errors of the ellipse is applied to the measurement of skirt line of the piston, and results indicate the effectiveness of the evaluation. This approach provides the new evaluation indicators for the measurement of form and profile errors of ellipse, which is found to have better accuracy and can thus be used to solve the difficult of the measurement and evaluation of the piston in industrial production.

关键词： ellipse form Error profile error least squares method piston

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Matrix perturbation based approach for sensitivity analysis of eigen-solutions in a microgrid

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第1期56卷 237-244页

作者： WANG ChengShan LI Yan PENG Ke WU Zhen SUN ChongBo YUAN Kai Key Laboratory of smart Grid of Ministry of Education Tianjin University

Sensitivities of eigen-solutions to control variables play an important role in microgrid studies,such as coordinated optimal design of controllers and parameters,robust stability analysis on control variables,oscillation modes analysis on a system,*** the importance of sensitivities and the complexity of state matrix in a microgrid,parameter perturbations are utilized in this paper to analyze the construction characteristics of state ***,the sensitivities of eigenvalues and eigenvectors to control variables are obtained based on the first-order matrix perturbation theory,which makes the complex derivations of sensitivity formulas and repeated solutions of eigenvalue problem ***,the effectiveness of the matrix perturbation based approach for sensitivity calculation in a microgrid is verified by a numerical example on a low-voltage microgrid prototype.

关键词： microgrid eigen-solution sensitivity matrix perturbation distributed generation

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Social media as passive geo-participation in transportation planning-how effective are topic modeling&sentiment analysis in comparison with citizen surveys?

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2020年第4期23卷 275-292页

作者： Oliver Lock Christopher Pettit City Futures Research centre Faculty of Built EnvironmentUniversity of New South Wales(UNSW)SydneyAustralia Expanded Perception and Interaction centre(Epicentre) Faculty of Art&DesignUniversity of New South Wales(UNSW)SydneyAustralia

We live in an era of rapid urbanization as many cities are experiencing an unprecedented rate of population growth and *** transport is playing an increasingly important role in urban mobility with a need to move people and goods efficiently around the *** such pressures on existing public transportation systems,this paper investigates the opportunities to use social media to more effectively engage with citizens and customers using such *** research forms a case study of the use of passively collected forms of big data in cities-focusing on Sydney,***,it examines social media data(Tweets)related to public transport ***,it joins this to longitudinal big data-delay information continuously broadcast by the network over a year,thus forming hundreds of millions of data ***,tones,and sentiment are modeled using machine learning and Natural Language Processing(NLP)*** resulting data,and models,are compared to opinions derived from a citizen survey among *** validity of such data and models versus the intentions of users,in the context of systems that monitor and improve transport performance,are *** such,key recommendations for developing smart Cities were formed in an applied research context based on these data and techniques.

关键词： Social media smart cities public participation urban sensing transport planning natural language processing machine learning big data

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Identification of optimal composition with superior electrochemical properties along the zero Mn^(3+)line in Na_(0.75)(Mn-Al-Ni)O_(2)pseudo ternary system

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 206-216页

作者： Hari Narayanan Vasavan Manish Badole Samriddhi Saxena Velaga Srihari Asish Kumar Das Pratiksha Gami Neha Dagar Sonia Deswal Pradeep Kumar Himanshu Kumar Poswal Sunil Kumar Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology IndoreSimrol 453552India High Pressure&Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre400085 MumbaiIndia School of Physical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology MandiHimachal Pradesh 175005India Center for Electric Vehicle and Intelligent Transport systems Indian Institute of Technology IndoreSimrol 453552India

Biphasic layered oxide cathodes,known for their superior electrochemical performance,are prime candidates for commercializing in Na-ion ***,we unveil a series of P3/P2 monophasic and biphasic Al-substituted Na_(3/4)Mn_(5-x/8)Al_(2x/8)Ni_(3-x/8)O_(2)layered oxide cathodes that lie along the‘zero Mn^(3+)line’in the Na_(3/4)(Mn-Al-Ni)O_(2)pseudo-ternary *** structural analysis showed a larger Na^(+)conduction bottleneck area in both P3 and P2 structures with a higher Al3+content,which enhanced their rate *** each composition,the P3/P2 biphasic compound with nearly equal fractions of P3 and P2 phases outperformed their monophasic counterparts in almost all electrochemical performance *** synchrotron XRD measurements obtained for the monophasic P3 and biphasic P2/P3 samples revealed the absence of the O3 phase during *** high structure stability and faster Na^(+)transport kinetics in the biphasic samples underpins the enhancement of electrochemical properties in the Al-substituted P3/P2 *** results highlight fixed oxidation state lines as a novel tool to identify and design layered oxide cathodes for Na-ion batteries in pseudo-ternary diagrams involving Jahn-Teller active cations.

关键词： Layered oxides Biphasic cathode Operando Synchrotron XRD Electrochemical behavior Cyclic performance

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structures:new solutions and uncommon characteristics James Kirby,Shiwei Zhou,

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2022年第6期38卷 128-140,I0003页

作者： James Kirby Shiwei Zhou Yi Min Xie centre for innovative Structures and Materials School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourne 3001Australia

To investigate the characteristics of optimal fail-safe structures subjected to single and multi-member damage scenarios,we con-sider a pin-jointed cantilever truss with all members directly connected from the load point to the *** problem formu-lations are considered—minimizing the compliance with a volume constraint and minimizing the volume with stress *** these formulations produce equivalent structures for traditional truss design problems,we find that this is not always the case in the fail-safe *** solutions are developed for a three-bar truss under both problem *** is modelled as the complete removal of any one member,and a minmax problem is constructed to minimize the compliance or volume of the structure for the worst-case damage *** new analytical solutions provide much needed benchmarks for numerical fail-safe *** problems are extended to n-bar systems with damage to multiple *** show that as the structural complexity(the number of members in a system)increases,the optimum fail-safe structure tends towards a variation of the nominal two-bar design with overlapping *** these observations,we then approach the idea of full redundancy through the introduction of parallel substructures into a more complex truss *** compare our fully redundant truss design with a benchmark fail-safe solution and show that the fully redundant design has significantly better performance and with fewer ***,this suggests that fully redundant structural designs are highly efficient and have the additional benefit of only requiring the computation of the nominal solution.

关键词： Fail-safe optimization Minimum compliance Minimum volume,

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Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and stroke among individuals with diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1742-1752页

作者： Hong-Qiang Zhang Jie Shi Tong Yue Jia-Hao Weng Xu-Lin Wang Hao Wang Xiao-Yu Su Xue-Ying Zheng Si-Hui Luo Yu Ding Chao-Fan Wang Department of Cardiology Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHMThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHMThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001Anhui ProvinceChina Graduate School Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbu 233030Anhui ProvinceChina Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyGuangzhou 510630Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Recent research has underscored the potentially protective role of dietary antioxidants against chronic conditions,such as cardiovascular diseases and *** composite dietary antioxidant index(CDAI),which reflects the overall intake of key dietary antioxidants,has been identified as a crucial metric for exploring this *** previous research has shown a negative correlation between CDAI levels and stroke risk in prediabetic individuals,there remains a substantial gap in understanding this association among individuals with diabetes,who are at an inherently greater risk for cerebrovascular *** To investigate the association between CDAI and stroke risk in individuals with *** Using a cross-sectional study design,this investigation analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning from 2003 to 2018 that included 6735 participants aged over 20 years with *** CDAI was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls to assess intake of key antioxidants:Vitamins A,C,and E;carotenoids;selenium;and *** logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to rigorously examine the relationship between CDAI and stroke *** The participant cohort,with an average age of 59.5 years and a slight male majority,reflected the broader demographic characteristics of individuals with *** analysis revealed a strong inverse relationship between CDAI levels and stroke ***,those in the highest quintile of CDAI demonstrated a 43%lower prevalence of stroke compared to those in the lowest quintile,even after adjustments for various *** finding not only highlights the negative association between CDAI and stroke risk but also underscores the significant potential of antioxidant-rich diets in reducing stroke prevalence among patients with *** Our findings suggested that CDAI was inversely associated with stroke prevalence among pa

关键词： Stroke Diabetes Composite dietary antioxidant index National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Crosssectional study

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Medium independent jet(MI-Jet)engine

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第3期9卷 240-254页

作者： Prajith Kumar K.P. Aravind Vaidyanathan Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology ThiruwvananthapuramKerala695547India Liquid Propulsion system centre ThinwvananthapuramKerala695547India

MI-Jet or medium independent jet engine is a new conceptual design which can be used in any gaseous atmosphere or in any planets with an ISP greafer than that of the existing rocket *** engine's thermodynamic concept could be utilized to develop turbojet,ramjet and scramjet engines that can operate in Martian environment with higher *** same concept could be extended for the development of MI-Turbojet,M-Ramjet and MI-Scramjet engine for Earth atmosphere with an ISP as high as 200% of the ISP of existing rocket engines,but less than that of the conventional scramjet or other air-breathing *** the operational complexity of the MI-Jet will be significantly lower than that of the existing scramjet engine.

关键词： Medium independent jet engine Martian transportation MI-Scramjet External combustion-propulsion

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