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Is the speed of adjusting to environmental change condition dependent?An experiment with house mice(Mus musculus)

Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 350-360页

作者： Karem Lopez-Hervas Neelam Porwal Mathilde Delacoux Alexandros Vezyrakis Anja Guenther RG behavioural Ecology of Individual Differences Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology24306 PlönGermany Department of Evolutionary Biology Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityWieniawskiego 161-712 PoznańPoland Department for Collective behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour78464 ConstanceGermany centre for the Advanced Study of Collective behaviour University of Konstanz78464 ConstanceGermany animal Ecology Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Potsdam14469 PotsdamGermany

Environmental conditions change constantly either by anthropogenic perturbation or naturally across space and ***,a change in behavior is the frst response to changing *** fexibility can potentially improve an organism’s chances to survive and ***,we lack an understanding on the time-scale such behavioral adjustments need,how they actually affect reproduction and survival and whether behavioral adjustments are suffcient in keeping up with changing *** used house mice(Mus musculus)to test whether personality and life-history traits can adjust to an experimentally induced food-switch fexibly in adulthood or by intergenerational plasticity,that is,adjustments only becoming visible in the offspring *** lived in 6 experimental populations of semi-natural environments either on high or standard quality food for 4 *** showed previously that high-quality food induced better conditions and a less risk-prone ***,we tested whether the speed and/or magnitude of adjustment shows condition-dependency and whether adjustments incur ftness ***-history but not personality traits reacted fexibly to a food-switch,primarily by a direct reduction of reproduction and sloweddown *** whose parents received a food-switch developed a more active stress-coping personality and gained weight at a slower rate compared with their respective ***,the modulation of most traits was condition-dependent,with animals previously fed with high-quality food showing stronger *** study highlights that life-history and personality traits adjust at different speed toward environmental change,thus,highlighting the importance of the environment and the mode of response for evolutionary models.

关键词： animal personality context dependence environmental change Match-mismatch non-genetic inheritance phenotypic flexibility phenotypic plasticity

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Multi‑omics integration identifies regulatory factors underlying bovine subclinical mastitis

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 987-1007页

作者： Mengqi Wang Naisu Yang Mario Laterriere David Gagne Faith Omonijo Eveline M.Ibeagha‑Awemu Agriculture and Agri‑Food Canada Sherbrooke Research and Development CentreSherbrookeQCCanada Department of animal Science Universite LavalQuebec CityQCCanada Quebec research and Development centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaQuebec CityQCCanada

Background Mastitis caused by multiple factors remains one of the most common and costly disease of the dairy ***-omics approaches enable the comprehensive investigation of the complex interactions between mul-tiple layers of information to provide a more holistic view of disease ***,this study investigated the genomic and epigenomic signatures and the possible regulatory mechanisms underlying subclinical mastitis by integrating RNA sequencing data(mRNA and lncRNA),small RNA sequencing data(miRNA)and DNA methylation sequencing data of milk somatic cells from 10 healthy cows and 20 cows with naturally occurring subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus *** Functional investigation of the data sets through gene set analysis uncovered 3458 biological process GO terms and 170 KEGG pathways with altered activities during subclinical mastitis,provided further insights into subclin-ical mastitis and revealed the involvement of multi-omics signatures in the altered immune responses and impaired mammary gland productivity during subclinical *** abundant genomic and epigenomic signatures with sig-nificant alterations related to subclinical mastitis were observed,including 30,846,2552,1276 and 57 differential methylation haplotype blocks(dMHBs),differentially expressed genes(DEGs),lncRNAs(DELs)and miRNAs(DEMs),***,5 factors presenting the principal variation of differential multi-omics signatures were *** important roles of Factor 1(DEG,DEM and DEL)and Factor 2(dMHB and DEM),in the regulation of immune defense and impaired mammary gland functions during subclinical mastitis were *** of the omics within Factors 1 and 2 explained about 20%of the source of variation in subclinical ***,networks of impor-tant functional gene sets with the involvement of multi-omics signatures were demonstrated,which contributed to a comprehensive view of the possible regu

关键词： Candidate discriminant multi-omics signature Gene Long non-coding RNA Methylation haplotype block MicroRNA Multi-omics integration Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathway Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway

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Dietary crude protein time-dependently modulates the bacterial community and metabolites and changes dietary nutrient efficiency in growing pigs

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 1-10页

作者： Yuming Wang Junyan Zhou Ning Cao Lu Wang Jiayu Tu Xiangfang Zeng Shiyan Qiao State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences animal Science and Technology College Beijing University of Agriculture State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry CentreChina Agricultural University

The reduced nutrient digestibility of low-protein(LP) diets has been shown to be caused by the weakened fermentative capacity of the post-gut flora. The dynamic regulation of dietary protein contents on post-gut microbial population and fermentative metabolism is unclear. Twelve growing barrows(19.9 ± 0.8 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the blind end of the cecum were randomly administered a highprotein(HP, 21.5% crude protein [CP]) diet or an LP(15.5% CP) diet for 28 d. The cecal content and feces were collected at d 1, 14, and 28 of the experiment for microflora structures and metabolite concentrations analysis. The nutrient digestibility coefficient and plasma biochemical parameters were also determined. Compared with the HP treatment, the LP treatment showed decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentration and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and CP(P < 0.01). In addition, urinary nitrogen losses, total nitrogen losses, and daily nitrogen retention in the LP treatment were lower than those in the HP treatment(P < 0.01), and the nitrogen retention-to-nitrogen intake ratio in the LP treatment was increased(P < 0.01). The HP group showed increased cecal total short-chain fatty acids(SCFA) concentration and fecal propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA concentrations(P < 0.05) on d 14 and 28, which may be mainly related to the elevated abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella(P < 0.05). Probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidales S24-7, and Rikenella, enriched in the LP treatment possibly contributed to reduced plasma endotoxin content. The differences in the abundances of almost all the above-mentioned flora appeared on d 28 but not d 14. Likewise, differences in the Simpson and Shannon indices and clustering patterns of the microbiota between treatments were also only observed on d 28. To sum up, in a time-dependent manner, the LP diet increased probiotics with gut-improving functions a

关键词： Low-protein diet Microorganism Nutrient digestibility Pig Short-chain fatty acid

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Selenium nanoparticles in aquaculture: Unique advantages in the production of Se-enriched grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 189-201页

作者： Chao Zhu Zifang Wu Qimin Liu Xiaolin Wang Lijuan Zheng Shuyang He Fangxia Yang Hong Ji Wuzi Dong College of animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Biology research centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife Northwest A&F University College of Forestry Northwest A&F University

The production of selenium-enriched fish can contribute to alleviating selenium deficiency in human diets. However, it is still unclear which selenium source, as an additive, can efficiently and costeffectively produce high-quality selenium-enriched fish. This study evaluated the effects of selenium nanoparticles（SeNP）, selenite, and selenomethionine（SeMet） on the growth, antioxidant capacity, selenium content, selenium speciation, and meat quality of grass carp. Ten diets were prepared, including a basal diet（BD） and three concentrations（0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 mg/kg） of SeNP, selenite, and SeMet. A total of600 fish（250.79 ± 1.57 g） were randomly assigned to 30 tanks（3 tanks/group）. Fish were fed the experimental diet three times daily for 60 d. In this study, SeNP most significantly promoted the growth and antioxidant capacity of grass carp, with 0.3 mg/kg SeNP identified as the optimal additive concentration. Additionally, SeNP demonstrated equally excellent bioavailability as SeMet and significantly increased the content of SeMet in grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idella） muscle. Furthermore, compared to SeMet and selenite, dietary SeNP could more significantly enhance the content of selenocysteine（SeCys2） and methylselenocysteine（MeSeCys） in grass carp muscle tissue. In addition, we have demonstrated that SeCys2and MeSeCys promote apoptosis of cancer cells（HeLa） through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway（involving Bax and Bcl-2）. Furthermore, as an additive, 0.3 mg/kg SeNP significantly improved the flesh quality of grass carp by reducing crude fat and heavy metal content, as well as increasing the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid（EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid（DHA） and the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid（PUFA）. In summary, SeNP is the most suitable additive for producing selenium-enriched fish.

关键词： Selenium nanoparticle Speciation analysis Grass carp Selenium additive

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Dietary copper requirement of broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet during 22—42 d of age

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 96-104页

作者： Ling Zhu Wei Wu Bingxin Wu Yun Hu Liyang Zhang Weiyun Zhang Tingting Li Xiaoyan Cui Feiyu Gao Ding Li Xugang Luo Shengchen Wang Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou University Mineral Nutrition research Division State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

This research was to assess the dietary copper(Cu) requirement of broiler chickens fed a practical cornsoybean meal diet during 22—42 d of age. A total of 288 numbered Arbor Acres male broilers at 22 d of age were randomly allotted 6 treatments with 8 replicate cages(6 broilers per cage) per *** were fed a Cu-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet(control, containing 7.36 mg Cu/kg) or the basal diet added with 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 mg Cu/kg from CuSO4·5H2O for 21 d. Quadratic,asymptotic and broken-line models were fitted and the best fitted models were selected to determine dietary Cu requirements. The results revealed that the contents of Cu in serum and liver, m RNA expression levels of Cu-and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase(CuZnSOD) in liver and monoamine oxidase b(MAO B) in heart, as well as protein expression level of CuZnSOD in liver were affected(P < 0.05) by supplemental Cu levels, and the above indices varied linearly and quadratically(P < 0.05)with increasing Cu levels. Dietary Cu requirements assessed according to the best fitted broken-line models(P < 0.05) of the above indexes were 10.45—13.81 mg/kg. It was concluded that mRNA expression levels of CuZnSOD in liver and MAO B in heart, as well as liver CuZnSOD protein expression level were new specific sensitive biomarkers for estimating dietary Cu requirements, and the dietary Cu requirement was recommended to be 14 mg/kg to support Cu metabolic needs related to key Cucontaining enzymes in broilers fed the corn-soybean meal diet during 22—42 d of age, which was higher than the dietary Cu requirement(8 mg/kg) for broilers at the corresponding stage suggested by the Chinese Feeding Standard of Chicken.

关键词： Copper Copper content Gene expression of copper-containing enzyme Requirement Broiler

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Biotic and abiotic stresses on honeybee health

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 442-457页

作者： Zheguang LIN Siyi SHEN Kang WANG Ting JI Apicultural research Institute College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina

Honeybees are the most critical pollinators providing key ecosystem services that underpin crop production and sustainable *** a backdrop of rapid global change,this eusocial insect encounters a succession of stressors during nesting,foraging,and *** mites,together with vectored viruses,have been recognized as central biotic threats to honeybee health,while the spread of invasive giant hornets and small hive beetles also increasingly threatens colonies *** of agrochemicals,including acaricides used for mite treatment,and other pollutants of the environment have been widely documented to affect bee health in various ***,expanding urbanization,climate change,and agricultural intensification often result in the destruction or fragmentation of flower-rich bee *** anthropogenic pressures exerted by beekeeping management practices affect the natural selection and evolution of honeybees,and colony translocations facilitate alien species invasion and disease *** this review,the multiple biotic and abiotic threats and their interactions that potentially undermine bee colony health are discussed,while taking into consideration the sensitivity,large foraging area,dense network among related nestmates,and social behaviors of honeybees.

关键词： abiotic stressor Apis biotic stressor colony losses interaction effect pollinator decline

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Determination of the standardized ileal digestible calcium requirement of Ross broilers from hatch to day 14 post-hatch

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 122-129页

作者： Carrie L.Walk Raffaella Aureli Pauline Jenn DSM Nutritional Products research Center for animal Nutrition and Health DSM Nutritional Products

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) calcium requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 *** 308 (n=360) male broilers were obtained on day of hatch and allocated to 1 of 5 treatments in battery *** were 6 birds per cage and 12 pens per *** treatments were formulated to contain 0.60%,0.46%,0.32% or 0.18% SID *** final treatment was formulated using total Ca to meet or exceed all nutrient requirements,including 0.90% total Ca and 0.49% non-phytate P (nPP),using the same *** treatment was the reference diet for comparison and validation of the SID Ca *** and feed were weighed at placement and on d *** and ileal contents were obtained on d 14 and excreta was collected per pen and pooled on d *** were analyzed using JMP Pro and requirements were estimated using 3different non-linear regression *** the SID Ca content in the diet from 0.18% to 0.60% improved (quadratic,P<0.05) body weight gain and mortality corrected feed conversion ratio (mFCR).The estimated SID Ca requirement to optimize gain or m FCR was between 0.39% and 0.52%.Tibia ash percent and weight increased (quadratic,P<0.05) as SID Ca content in the diet increased and the estimated SID Ca requirement was between 0.32% and 0.58%.Phosphorus utilization was improved in birds fed diets formulated using SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference *** conclusion,the SID Ca requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 was estimated between 0.534% and 0.398% when quadratic,straight-broken line,or quadratic-broken line regressions were *** results agree with previously published data evaluating the SID Ca requirement of fast-growth broilers from hatch to d 10.

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Digestible calcium Requirements Retention Tibia ash

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The application of protease in aquaculture: Prospects for enhancing the aquafeed industry

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 105-121页

作者： Shiyou Chen Sahya Maulu Jie Wang Xiaoze Xie Xiaofang Liang Hao Wang Junjun Wang Min Xue National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University School of Biological and Marine Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Plymouth centre for Innovative Approach Zambia (CIAZ)

Low-fishmeal and protein-saving diets are two prominent nutritional strategies utilized to address challenges related to the scarcity and sustainability of protein sources in aquaculture. However, these diets have been associated with adverse effects on the growth performance, feed utilization, and disease resistance of aquatic animals. To mitigate these challenges, exogenous protease has been applied to enhance the quality of diets with lower protein contents or fishmeal alternatives, thereby improving the bioavailability of nutritional ingredients. Additionally, protease preparations were also used to enzymatically hydrolyze fishmeal alternatives, thus enhancing their nutritional utilization. The present review aims to consolidate recent research progress on the use of protease in aquaculture and conclude the benefits and limitations of its application, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject and identifying opportunities for future research.

关键词： Protease Low-fishmeal diet Protein-saving diets Exogenous digestive enzyme Aquafeed

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Potentially Suitable Area and Change Trends of Tulipa iliensis under Climate Change

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第5期93卷 981-1005页

作者： Douwen Qin Weiqiang Liu Jiting Tian Xiuting Ju College of Agriculture and animal Husbandry Qinghai UniversityXining810016China Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province for Landscape Plants research Plateau Flower Research CentreQinghai UniversityXining810016China

Tulipa iliensis,as a wild plant resource,possesses high ornamental value and can provide abundant parental materials for tulip *** objective of this research was to forecast the worldwide geographical spread of Tulipa iliensis by considering bioclimatic,soil,and topographic variables,the findings of this research can act as a benchmark for the conservation,management,and utilization of Tulipa iliensis as a wild plant *** results indicate that all 12 models have an area under curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)values greater than 0.968 for the paleoclimatic,current,and future climate scenarios,this suggests an exceptionally high level of predictive accuracy for the *** distribution of Tulipa iliensis is influenced by several key *** factors include the mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9),calcium carbonate content(T_CACO3),slope,precipitation of the driest month(Bio14),Basic saturation(T_BS),and precipitation of the coldest quarter(Bio19).During the three paleoclimate climate scenarios,the appropriate habitats for Tulipa iliensis showed a pattern of expansion-contraction ***,the total suitable area accounted for 13.38%,12.28%,and 13.28%of the mainland area,*** to the current climate scenario,the High-suitability area covers 61.78472×10^(4)km^(2),which accounts for 6.57%of the total suitable area,The Midsuitability area covers 190.0938×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 20.2%of the total suitable area,this represents a decrease of 63.53%~67.13%compared to the suitable area of Tulipa iliensis under the paleoclimate *** the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,in 2050 and 2090,Tulipa iliensis is projected to experience a decrease in the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas under the SSP126 climate scenario by 7.10%~12.96%,2.96%~4.27%and 4.80%~7.96%,*** to the SSP245 scenario,the high suitability area experienced a slight expansion of

关键词： Tulipa iliensis MaxEnt model climate change distribution of suitable habitats

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Excess dietary Lys reduces feed intake, stimulates jejunal CCK secretion and alters essential and non‑essential blood AA profile in pigs

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1336-1346页

作者： Maximiliano Muller Elout Van Liefferinge Alan Tilbrook Robert van Barneveld Eugeni Roura centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Laboratory of animal Nutrition and animal Product Quality(LANUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University339000 GhentFlandersBelgium centre for animal Science Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation and the School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia SunPork Group BrisbaneQueensland 4009Australia

Background Commercial diets are frequently formulated to meet or exceed nutrient levels including those of lim-iting essential amino acids(AA)covering potential individual variations within the ***,the provision of dietary excess of AA,such as Lys,may lead to reduced appetite and growth in *** mechanisms modulat-ing these responses have not been extensively *** study evaluated the effect of Lys dietary excesses on performance and satiety biomarkers in post weaning *** Twenty-four pigs aged 21 d and weighing 6.81±0.12kg(mean±SEM)were individually housed and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 3weeks:a diet containing a standardized ileal digestible Lys reaching 100%(T0),120%(T1),150%(T2)or 200%(T3)of the NRC(2012)*** the end of the experiment,blood samples from the cephalic vein of the T0 and T3 groups were obtained for AA *** addition,primary intestinal cultures from T0 pigs were used,following their humane killing,to evaluate the effect of Lys on gut hormone secretion and AA sensors gene expression under ex vivo *** Feed intake was linearly reduced(P<0.001)and the weight gain to feed ratio reduced(P<0.10)with increased dietary levels of Lys during the third-and first-week post weaning,*** con-centration(P<0.05)and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and the solute carrier family 7 member 2(P<0.10)gene expression was enhanced in proximal jejunum tissues incubated with Lys at 20mmol/L when compared to the control(Lys 0mmol/L).Plasma Lys and Glu(P<0.05)concentration increased in the T3 compared to T0 *** contrast,plasma levels of His,Val,Thr,Leu(P<0.05)and Gln(P<0.10)were lower in T3 than T0 *** The present results confirm that excess dietary Lys inhibits hunger in ***,the results provide evidence of pre-and post-absorptive mechanisms modulating these *** dietary excesses should be nar-rowed,when possible,to avoid negative effects of

关键词： Amino acid Blood Cholecystokinin Feed intake Lysine Pig Satiety

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