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Tectonic evolution of structures in Southern Sindh Monocline,Indus Basin,Pakistan formed in multi-extensional tectonic episodes of Indian Plate

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第5期9卷 358-366页

作者： Shabeer Ahmed Sarfraz Hussain Solangi Muhammad Saeed Khan Jadoon Adeel Nazeer centre for pure and applied geology University of Sindh Oil and Gas Development Company Limited

There are a number of structures and structural styles found in extensional tectonic settings of the world,and it is a big challenge to study the evolution of these structures. Evolution of structures formed in extensional tectonic settings have been studied by researchers on different extensional basins of the world. Southern Sindh Monocline lies on the western corner of Indian Plate and the tectonic history of Indian plate has also experienced different extensional episodes, and its journey rifted from Gondwanaland to its final welding to Asia. The aim of this study is to figure out the evolution of structures in the subsurface of Southern Sindh Monocline, Pakistan using the seismic data interpretation and flattening of horizons approach. Structures within the subsurface of Southern Sindh Monocline have been characterized by different tectonic episodes of Indian plate while rifting from Gondwanaland, rifting from other plates at different geological times and to its collision with the Asia. Basic structures within study area are classified into nine types while the structural styles have been classified into six types as horst and grabens, dominos, crotch, synthetic and antithetic, negative and flashlight structural style. The structures within the study area revealed evidence for three major structural episodes which can be characterized as Episode 1: Structures associated with rifting of Indian plate from Gondwanaland during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Episode 2: Modification and reactivation of previous structures while Madagascar rifted from Indian Plate during the Middle Cretaceous and during Episode 3: Inversion and reactivation of structures occurred when Indian Plate collided with Asia during Early Eocene.

关键词： Tectonic evolution Episodes Structures Sindh Monocline Pakistan Indian plate Eurasian plate Seismic data

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Flow on oscillating rectangular duct for Maxwell fluid

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applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第6期33卷 717-730页

作者： M.NAZAR F.SHAHID M.SAEED AKRAM Q.SULTAN centre for Advanced Studies in pure and applied Mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya University

This paper presents an analysis for the unsteady flow of an incompress- ible Maxwell fluid in an oscillating rectangular cross section. By using the Fourier and Laplace transforms as mathematical tools, the solutions are presented as a sum of the steady-state and transient solutions. For large time, when the transients disappear, the solution is represented by the steady-state solution. The solutions for the Newtonian fluids appear as limiting cases of the solutions obtained here. In the absence of the fre- quency of oscillations, we obtain the problem for the flow of the Maxwell fluid in a duct of a rectangular cross-section moving parallel to its length. Final!y, the required time to reach the steady-state for sine oscillations of the rectangular duct is obtained by graphical illustrations for different parameters. Moreover, the graphs are sketched for the velocity.

关键词： Maxwell fluid oscillating rectangular duct velocity field

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MHD stagnation point flow of a micropolar fluid towards a heated surface

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applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2011年第1期32卷 45-54页

作者： M.ASHRAF M.M.ASHRAF centre for Advanced Studies in pure and applied Mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya University

The problem of two dimensional stagnation point flow of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid impinging normally on a heated surface in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field is analyzed. The governing continuity, momentum, angular momentum, and heat equations together with the associated boundary conditions are reduced to dimensionless form using suitable similarity transformations. The reduced self similar non-linear equations are then solved numerically by an algorithm based on the finite difference discretization. The results are further refined by Richardson＇s extrapolation. The effects of the magnetic parameter, the micropolar parameters, and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature fields are predicted in tabular and graphical forms to show the important features of the solution. The study shows that the velocity and thermal boundary layers become thinner as the magnetic parameter is increased. The micropolar fluids display more reduction in shear stress as well as heat transfer rate than that exhibited by Newtonian fluids, which is beneficial in the flow and thermal control of polymeric processing.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stagnation flow micropolar fluids finitedifferences similarity transformations boundary layer

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MHD non-Newtonian micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer in channel with stretching walls

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applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2013年第10期34卷 1263-1276页

作者： M. ASHRAF N. JAMEEL K. ALI centre for Advanced Studies in pure and applied Mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800 Pakistan centre for Advanced Studies in pure and applied Mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800 Pakista

A study is presented for magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） flow and heat transfer characteristics of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting micropolar fluid in a channel with stretching walls. The micropolar model introduced by Eringen is used to describe the working fluid. The transformed self similar ordinary differential equations together with the associated boundary conditions are solved numerically by an algorithm based on quasi-linearization and multilevel discretization. The effects of some physical parameters on the flow and heat transfer are discussed and presented through tables and graphs. The present investigations may be beneficial in the flow and thermal control of polymeric processing.

关键词： magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) heat transfer stretching wall couple stress quasi-linearization

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Spatiotemporal detection of land use/land cover changes and land surface temperature using Landsat and MODIS data across the coastal Kanyakumari district, India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第2期14卷 172-181页

作者： S.Chrisben Sam Gurugnanam Balasubramanian centre for applied geology The Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed to Be UniversityDindigulTamil NaduIndia

This study assesses the changes in land use/land cover(LULC) and land surface temperature(LST) to identify their impacts from 2000 to 2020 along the coast of Kanyakumari district, India using remote sensing techniques. Landsat images are used to estimate the LULC changes and the MODIS data for *** Maximum Likelihood Classification(MLC) method is used, and the LULC is classified into six categories: Agriculture Land, Barren Land, Salt Pan, Sandy Beach, Settlement, and Waterbody. Within the two decades of the present change detection study, upheave in the Settlement area of 49.89% is noticed, and the Agriculture Land is exploited by 20.09%. Salt Pan emits a high LST of 31.57°C, and the Waterbodies are noticed with a low LST of 28.9°C. However, the overall rate of LST decreased by 0.56°C during this period. This study will help policymakers make appropriate planning and management to overcome the impact of LULC and LST in the forthcoming years.

关键词： Land use/land cover Land surface temperature Landsat MODIS and remote sensing

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Coastal transgression and regression from 1980 to 2020 and shoreline forecasting for 2030 and 2040,using DSAS along the southern coastal tip of Peninsular India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第6期13卷 585-594页

作者： S.Chrisben Sam B.Gurugnanam centre for applied geology The Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed to be UniversityDindigulTamil NaduIndia

This study explains the multi-decadal shoreline changes along the coast of Kanyakumari from 1980 *** shorelines are extracted from the Landsat images to estimate the shoreline dynamics and future predictions using Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS).By the estimation of End Point Rate(EPR)and Linear Regression Rate(LRR),it is quantified that the maximum erosion is 5.01 m/yr(EPR)and 6.13 m/yr(LRR)consistently with the maximum accretion of 3.77 m/yr(EPR)and 3.11 m/yr(LRR)along the entire coastal stretch of 77 *** future shoreline predicted using the Kalman filter forecasted that Inayam,Periyakattuthurai and Kodimunai are highly prone to erosion with a shift of 170 m,157 m and 145 m by 2030 and 194 m,182 m and 165 m by 2040 towards the ***,the western coast is highly prone to erosion and it is predicted that certain villages are prone to loss of economy and *** outcome of this study may guide the coastal researchers to understand the evolution and decisionmakers to evolve with alternative sustainable management plans in the future.

关键词： Shoreline change rates Future prediction DSAS Kalman filter Erosion and accretion

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MHD flow and heat transfer of micropolar fluid between two porous disks

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applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第1期33卷 51-64页

作者： M. ASHRAF A. R. WEHGAL centre for Advanced Studies in pure and applied Mathematics Bahauddin Zakariya University Department of Mathematics Stockholm University

A numerical study is carried out for the axisymmetric steady laminar incompressible flow of an electrically conducting micropolar fluid between two infinite parallel porous disks with the constant uniform injection through the surface of the disks. The fluid is subjected to an external transverse magnetic field. The governing nonlinear equations of motion are transformed into a dimensionless form through yon Karman＇s similarity transformation. An algorithm based on a finite difference scheme is used to solve the reduced coupled ordinary differential equations under associated boundary conditions. The effects of the Reynolds number, the magnetic parameter, the micropolar parameter, and the Prandtl number on the flow velocity and temperature distributions are discussed. The results agree well with those of the previously published work for special cases. The investigation predicts that the heat transfer rate at the surfaces of the disks increases with the increases in the Reynolds number, the magnetic parameter, and the Prandtl number. The shear stresses decrease with the increase in the injection while increase with the increase in the applied magnetic field. The shear stress factor is lower for micropolar fluids than for Newtonian fluids, which may be beneficial in the flow and thermal control in the polymeric processing.

关键词： MHD flow porous disk micropolar fluid heat transfer microrotation

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Delineation of sensitive coastal zone of northern Ramanathapuram coast,Tamilnadu,India,using a GIS approach

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第5期13卷 456-463页

作者： Gurugnanam Balasubramanian Sreechitra Suresh Santonu Goswami Bairavi Swaminathan Glitson Francis Pereira centre for applied geology The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to Be UniversityDindigulTamil NaduIndia National Remote Sensing centre India

This research aims to assess the sensitive coastal zones by analyzing the shoreline changes such as accretion and erosion in the eastern coastal part of Ramanathapuram District,Tamil Nadu,*** study focused on Mandapam,Pirappanvalsai,Enmanamcondam,Nagachi,Terbogi,Athyuthu,Chitrakkottai,Pathengal,Attangarai,Alagankulam,and Devipattinam *** of these areas are distinguished as highly sensitive ecological *** erosion of an area leads to irreplaceable disturbances to ***,erosion and accretion studies are top priorities when studying the coastal *** addition to GIS technology,which has been widely used in the past 20 years,the End Point Rate(EPR)and Linear Regression Rate(LRR)analyses were conducted to better understand the shoreline *** stability of the coastal region was analyzed by observing the slope variations of the beach during the profile *** the study,we analyzed that the Quaternary deposits of sand are the dominant geological feature of the study *** reefs and salt pans are highly distributed along the coastal *** coast of Mandapam village has been detected as a highly sensitive region,with an average erosion rate of-3.1 m/yr and an average accretion rate of 1.22 m/yr,resulting in high erosion and low *** coast is a steep coast with an average slope angle of 0.24°.This study provides insight into sustainable coastal zone management.

关键词： End point rate Linear regression rate Geographic information system Beach profile Ramanathapuram

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Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of nitrate and fluoride contamination in the groundwater of Noyyal basin,India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第6期13卷 619-631页

作者： Karung Phaisonreng Kom Balasubramanian Gurugnanam Swaminathan Bairavi centre for applied geology Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to be UniversityGandhigramDindigul 624302Tamil NaduIndia

The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human *** 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal basin,*** and chloride are the dominant cation and anion,*** nitrate concentration in groundwater samples varies from 2 to 89 mg/L,of which 33.33%are above the permissible limit of 45 mg/L for drinking *** fluoride concentration ranges from 0.2 to 2.4 mg/L,with 28.57%of the samples exceeding the safe value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking *** plots demonstrate that the potential of hydrogen(pH),electrical conductivity(EC),total dissolved solids(TDS),Na^(+)and HCO^(-)_(3)are positively correlated with F^(-),whereas Ca^(2+)is negatively *** Ca-Mg-Cl is the most common water type in the investigated *** Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction between rock and water impacts the groundwater *** the method of the United States Environmental Production Agency(USEPA),this study assesses the non-carcinogenic health risk posed by nitrate and fluoride in different age groups(infants,children,and adults).The values of total hazard index(THI)vary from 0.59 to 10.07(mean=4.76)for infants,0.36 to 6.23(mean=2.95)for children,and 0.19 to 3.32(mean=1.57)for ***,97.62%,92.86%,and 73.81%of the samples surpass the recommended limit(THI=1)for infants,children,and adults,***,the health risk assessment(HRA)indicates that infants and children are more susceptible to noncarcinogenic health hazards than *** THI spatial variation map shows that central and southern regions of the study area have been identified as high health risk areas(THI>3.0)for all age groups.

关键词： Nitrate Fluoride Non-carcinogenic Hazard quotient Total hazard index Noyyal basin

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Sedimentary facies interpretation of Gamma Ray(GR)log as basic well logs in Central and Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2016年第6期7卷 432-443页

作者： Adeel Nazeer Shabeer Ahmed Abbasi Sarfraz Hussain Solangi Pakistan Petroleum Limited IslamabadPakistan Center for pure and applied geology University of SindhJamshoroPakistan

Rocks and most type of soils emit Gamma Ray （GR） in varying amount. The emitting ele- ments of primary gamma radiations include potassium 40, uranium, and thorium which are associated with rocks forming minerals in variable amount. GR log is used to predict the varying lithology in borehole by measuring the spontaneous emission of GR radiation from rocks. Role of GR logs in the identification of subsurface facies is the main focused research theme of this manuscript including with objective of brief introduction of GR log and its applications in the identification of facies in the field of Petroleum Geosciences by analyzing the examples of GR log（s）from wells. Lower Indus Basin. Pakistan.

关键词： Lower Goru formationGamma Ray logLitho-faciesDepositional paleo-environmentsBadin block and Sindh monoclineSulaiman Fold beltPakistan

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