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Inferring community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom using the ONS COVID-19 Infection Survey

Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 299-313页

作者： Ruth McCabe Gabriel Danelian Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths Christl A.Donnelly Department of Statistics University of OxfordUK National Institute for health and Care research health Protection research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections UK United Kingdom health Security Agency UK The Queen's College University of OxfordUK The Pandemic Sciences Institute University of OxfordUK MRC centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Imperial College LondonUK

Key epidemiological parameters,including the effective reproduction number,,and the instantaneous growth rate,,generated from an ensemble of models,have been informing public health policy throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in the four nations of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(UK).However,estimation of these quantities became challenging with the scaling down of surveillance systems as part of the transition from the“emergency”to“endemic”phase of the *** Office for National Statistics(ONS)COVID-19 Infection Survey(CIS)provided an opportunity to continue estimating these parameters in the absence of other data *** used a penalised spline model fitted to the publicly-available ONS CIS test positivity estimates to produce a smoothed estimate of the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity over *** resulting fitted curve was used to estimate the“ONS-based”and across the four nations of the *** produced under this model are compared to government-published estimates with particular consideration given to the contribution that this single data stream can offer in the estimation of these *** on the nation and parameter,we found that up to 77%of the variance in the government-published estimates can be explained by the ONS-based estimates,demonstrating the value of this singular data stream to track the epidemic in each of the four *** additionally find that the ONS-based estimates uncover epidemic trends earlier than the corresponding government-published *** work shows that the ONS CIS can be used to generate key COVID-19 epidemiological parameters across the four UK nations,further underlining the enormous value of such population-level studies of *** is not intended as an alternative to ensemble modelling,rather it is intended as a potential solution to the aforementioned challenge faced by public health officials in the UK in early 2022.

关键词： Effective reproduction number Instantaneous growth rate SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ONS COVID-19 Infection Survey Surveillance

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Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold Jenifer Murphy-Smith Chee H.Ng David Mischoulon Gerard J.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The centre of Excellence in Youth Mental health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM health research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

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Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike MROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH Jens JACOB Christian IMHOLT Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank *** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

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EVOLUTION AND INTERACTION OFδ-WAVES IN THE ZERO-PRESSURE GAS DYNAMICS SYSTEM

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第5期44卷 1801-1836页

作者： Abhishek DAS K.T.JOSEPH centre for Data Science Institute of Technical Education and Research(ITER)Siksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdisha751030India centre for Applicable Mathematics Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchSharada NagarBangalore560065KarnatakaIndia

Evolution and interaction of plane waves of the multidimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics system leads to the study of the corresponding one dimensional *** this paper,we study the initial value problem for one dimensional zero-pressure gas dynamics *** the first equation is the Burgers equation and the second one is the continuity *** consider the solution with initial data in the space of bounded Borel *** we prove a general existence result in the algebra of generalized functions of *** we study in detail special solutions withδ-measures as initial *** study interaction of waves originating from initial data concentrated on two point sources and interaction with classical shock/rarefaction *** gives an understanding of plane-wave interactions in the multidimensional *** use the vanishing viscosity method in our analysis as this gives the physical solution.

关键词： zero-pressure gas dynamics delta-waves interaction of waves

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Magnetic and electronic properties of La-doped hexagonal 4H-SrMnO3

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第1期33卷 725-729页

作者：李杰陈一楠宫诺黄欣杨志红翁亚奎 Grünberg research centre Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Science Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

As typical strongly correlated electronic materials, manganites show rich magnetic phase diagrams and electronic structures depending on the doped carrier density. Most previous relevant studies of doped manganites rely on the cubic/orthorhombic structures, while the hexagonal structure is much less studied. Here first-principles calculations are employed to investigate the magnetic and electronic structures of La-doped 4H-SrMnO3. By systematically analyzing the two kinds of La-doped positions, our calculations predict that the doped electron with lattice distortion would prefer to form polarons, which contribute to the local magnetic phase transition, nonzero net magnetization, and semiconducting behavior. In addition, the energy gap decreases gradually with increasing doping concentration, indicating a tendency of insulator–metal transition.

关键词： manganites polaron magnetic phase transition

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Cervical cancer prevention in China: where are we now, and what's next?

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第3期21卷 213-217页

作者： Huijiao Yan Qiankun Wang Youlin Qiao School of population Medicine and Public health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBejing 100730China Department of Cancer Epidemiology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBejing 100021China

Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC new cases occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020, and more than 90% of the 342,000 CC deaths occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020~1.

关键词： prevention Cervical epidemiology

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Optimizing prediction models for pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy:Current status and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1329-1345页

作者： Feng Yang John A Windsor De-Liang Fu Department of Pancreatic Surgery Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Surgical and Translational research centre Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand

Postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)is a frequent complication after pancre-atectomy,leading to increased morbidity and *** prediction models for POPF has emerged as a critical focus in surgical *** over sixty models following pancreaticoduodenectomy,predominantly reliant on a variety of clinical,surgical,and radiological parameters,have been documented,their predictive accuracy remains suboptimal in external validation and across diverse *** models after distal pancreatectomy continue to be pro-gressively reported,their external validation is eagerly ***,POPF prediction after central pancreatectomy is in its nascent stage,warranting urgent need for further development and *** potential of machine learning and big data analytics offers promising prospects for enhancing the accuracy of prediction models by incorporating an extensive array of variables and optimizing algorithm ***,there is potential for the development of personalized prediction models based on patient-or pancreas-specific factors and postoperative serum or drain fluid biomarkers to improve accuracy in identifying individuals at risk of *** the future,prospective multicenter studies and the integration of novel imaging technologies,such as artificial intelligence-based radiomics,may further refine predictive *** these issues is anticipated to revolutionize risk stratification,clinical decision-making,and postoperative management in patients undergoing pancre-atectomy.

关键词： Pancreatic fistula Pancreaticoduodenectomy Distal pancreatectomy Central pancreatectomy Prediction model Machine learning Artificial intelligence

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Migration mechanism and risk assessment of perand polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Ya'Er Lake oxidation pond area,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 301-312页

作者： Chang Li Huifang Zhong Jing Wu Lingyi Meng Yingjun Wang Chunyang Liao Yawei Wang Yujian He University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Institute of Biomedical and health Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China China National Environmental Monitoring centre Beijing 100012China Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances Institute of Environment and HealthJianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China

The migration mechanisms,sources,and environmental risks of 29 legacy and emerging perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl species present in an oxidation pond(Ya'Er Lake)were investigated for treating sewage based on the analysis of their occurrence and *** concentration of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in pond area was between0.30 and 63.2 ng/g dw(dry weight),with the overall average concentration of 8.00 ng/g ***,the PFAS concentrations in the surface sediments near the sewage outlet in Pond-1(50.2 ng/g dw)and Pond-5(average 15.1 ng/g dw)were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those in other *** general,the legacy PFAS,i.e.,perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was considered to be the major pollutant in the polluted area,on average,accounting for 73.0%of the total concentration of PFAS *** evaluating the regional distribution of different PFAS homologs,the short-chain PFAS pollutants with lower K_(ow)were found to migrate farther in both horizontal and vertical *** sewage outlets in Pond-1 and Pond-5are the main pollution sources in polluted area and the emerging PFAS pollutants in Pond-5have replaced the legacy PFAS pollutants as the main *** on positive matrix factorization analysis,three main industrial sources of PFAS pollutants in the study area were identified:protective coating,fire-fighting,and food packaging ***,the environmental risk assessment results showed that most study areas exhibited medium environmental risk(0.01≤Risk quotient(RQ)<1),indicating that the ecological environment risks in this area need further attention.

关键词： Perfluoroalkyl substances Distribution Migration mechanism Risk assessment

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A Review on Characteristics, Extraction Methods and Applications of Renewable Insect Protein

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第5期12卷 923-950页

作者： Adelya Khayrova Sergey Lopatin Valery Varlamov research centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow119071Russia

Due to the expected rise in the world population,an increase in the requirements for quality and safety of food and feed is expected,which leads to the growing demand for new sources of sustainable and renewable *** protein is gaining importance as a renewable material for several reasons,reﬂecting its potential contribu-tions to sustainability,resource efﬁciency,and environmental *** insect species are known to be able to efﬁciently convert organic waste into high-value products such as protein,requiring less land and water compared to traditional *** addition,insect farming produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions,contri-buting to mitigating climate *** are considered as a major potential alternative to animal or plant protein due to their many nutritional beneﬁts,including high protein,mineral,and vitamin *** average,the protein content of insects ranges between 35%and 60%dry weight,which exceeds plant protein sources,such as cereal,soybeans,and *** the acceptance of insect protein grows and technologies advance,the food and feed industries continue to explore and expand their applications,offering consumers diverse and sustainable pro-tein *** this review,we discuss the recentﬁndings relating to insect protein focusing on its characteristics,extraction methods,applications,and opportunities along with some trade-offs and uncertainties.

关键词： Circular economy waste utilisation protein insect Hermetia illucens

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High performance in Zintl thermoelectrics via reduction in crystal field splitting energy

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Science China Materials 2024年第10期67卷 3424-3425页

作者： Anustoop Das Kanishka Biswas New Chemistry Unit School of Advanced Materials and International Centre for Materials ScienceJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research(JNCASR)Jakkur P.O.Bangalore 560064India

Sustainable thermoelectric materials open an avenue of emission-free as well as fast-responding recycling of energy in terms of heat to *** efficiency(η)of such conversion is primarily guided by the dimensionless the... 详细信息

关键词： splitting energy crystal

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