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Management breaks the natural productivity-biodiversity relationship in forests and grassland： an opinion

Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 28-35页

作者： e.d.schulze o.bouriaud u.weber c.roscher d.hessenmoeller f.kroiher p.schall mpi biogeochemistry Box 10016407701 JenaGermany national forest inventory national research and development institute for forestry incdsErolor Bd 128VoluntariRomania and University stefan cel Mare of Suceava13 Universitatl Str.720229 SuceavaRomanla ufz hemholtz centre for environmental researchphysiological diversityDiversityPermoserstr 1504318 Lelpzig Germany forstamt schmalkalden thueringen forstSchlossberg 1198574 Schmalkalden Germany thünen-institut für waldokosysteme Adolf Moller Str 11 6225 EberswaldeGermany department silviculture and forest ecology of the temperate zones university of gottingenD 37077 GOttingenGermany

Background： Two approaches mark the difference between the ＂ecological＂ and ＂agricultural＂ view of the biodiversity/ growth relation. In ecology the trend is averaged by taking monocultures of all species as baseline to evaluate mixtures. This contrasts the ＂agricultural＂ view focusing on the most productive species or species combination as baseline to evaluate mixtures. The present study investigates the change of highest rates （maximum） productivities in grasslands and forests with increasing plant （or tree） diversity, and compares these with the average response. Methods： We base our analysis on existing published datasets relating the growth of plant stands （growth rate per land area） to the diversity on the same plot. We use a global dataset （Ellis et al. 2012 and MODIS-data, see Fig. 1）, the grassland experiment in lena （Buchmann et al. 2017）, the regional study on forests in Romania and Germany by Bouriaud et al. （2016）, and data from the German National Forest inventory （BWl 3, see Fig. 3）. In all cases the average response of growth to changes in biodiversity as well as the boundary line of the maximum values was calculated. Results： in both vegetation types a decreasing trend of maximum productivity with any added species emerges, contrasting the average trend that was positive in grassland, but absent in forests. The trend of maximum values was non-significant in grasslands probably due to the fact that not all combinations of species mixtures were available. In temperate forests, maximum productivity decreases significantly by about 10% in regional studies and by 8% at national scale with each added species. Maximum biomass per area was the same for managed and unmanaged conditions. A global assessment of NPP and biodiversity could also not confirm a general positive biodiversity- productivity relationship. Conclusions： Managed grasslands and forests reach highest productivity and volumes at low diversity. Also globally we could not confirm a biodiversi

关键词： Biodiversity Productivity Maximum rates Land management Forests Grasslands

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Genomic selection in plant breeding:Key factors shaping two decades of progress

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Molecular plant 2024年第4期17卷 552-578页

作者： Admas Alemu Johanna Astrand Osval A.Montesinos-López Julio Isidro y Sanchez Javier Fernandez-Gónzalez Wuletaw Tadesse Ramesh R.Vetukuri Anders S.Carlsson Alf Ceplitis JoséCrossa Rodomiro Ortiz Aakash Chawade Department of plant Breeding Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden Lantmannen Lantbruk SvalövSweden Facultad de Telematica University de ColimaColimaColima 28040Mexico Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de plantas(CBGP UPM-INIA)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Campus de Montegancedo-UPM28223 MadridSpain International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) RabatMorocco International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) Km 45Carretera México-VeracruzTexcocoMéxico 52640Mexico

Genomic selection,the application of genomic prediction(GP)models to select candidate individuals,has significantly advanced in the past two decades,effectively accelerating genetic gains in plant *** article provides a holistic overview of key factors that have influenced GP in plant breeding during this *** delved into the pivotal roles of training population size and genetic diversity,and their relationship with the breeding population,in determining GP *** emphasis was placed on optimizing training population *** explored its benefits and the associated diminishing returns beyond an optimum *** was done while considering the balance between resource allocation and maximizing prediction accuracy through current optimization *** density and distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms,level of linkage disequilibrium,genetic complexity,trait heritability,statistical machine-learning methods,and non-additive effects are the other vital *** wheat,maize,and potato as examples,we summarize the effect of these factors on the accuracy of GP for various *** search for high accuracy in GP—theoretically reaching one when using the Pearson’s correlation as a metric—is an active research area as yet far from optimal for various *** hypothesize that with ultra-high sizes of genotypic and phenotypic datasets,effective training population optimization methods and support from other omics approaches(transcriptomics,metabolomics and proteomics)coupled with deep-learning algorithms could overcome the boundaries of current limitations to achieve the highest possible prediction accuracy,making genomic selection an effective tool in plant breeding.

关键词： genomic selection genetic gain genomic prediction optimization deep learning training population optimization

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Evaluation of Pakistan wheat germplasms for stripe rust resistance using molecular markers

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第9期53卷 1123-1134页

作者： Sobia TABASSUM Muhammad ASHRAF CHEN XianMing Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics International Islamic University NUST centre of Virology and Immunology National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST)(Pakistan) USDA-ARS and Department of plant Pathology Washington State University

Wheat production in Pakistan is seriously constrained due to rust diseases and stripe rust (yellow) caused by Puccinia striiformis ***,which could limit *** development and cultivation of genetically diverse and resistant varieties is the most sustainable solution to overcome these *** first objective of the present study was to evaluate 100 Pakistan wheat cultivars that have been grown over the past 60 *** cultivars were inoculated at the seedling stage with two virulent stripe rust isolates from the United States and two from *** of the wheat cultivars were resistant to all tested stripe rust isolates,and 16% of cultivars were susceptible to the four isolates at the seedling *** data indicated that none of the Pakistan wheat cultivars contained either Yr5 or Yr15 genes that were considered to be effective against most *** *** isolates from around the *** Pakistan wheat cultivars may have gene Yr10,which is effective against isolate PST-127 but ineffective against *** is also possible that these cultivars may have other previously unidentified genes or gene *** second objective was to evaluate the 100 Pakistan wheat cultivars for stripe rust resistance during natural epidemics in Pakistan and Washington State,*** was found that a higher frequency of resistance was present under field conditions compared with greenhouse *** genotypes (30% of germplasms) were found to have a potentially high temperature adult plant (HTAP) *** third objective was to determine the genetic diversity in Pakistan wheat germplasms using molecular *** study was based on DNA fingerprinting using resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) marker *** highest polymorphism detected with RGAP primer pairs was 40%,50% and 57% with a mean polymorphism of 36%.A total of 22 RGAP markers were obtained in this ***,simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequen

关键词： field evaluation genetic diversity greenhouse evaluation Pakistan wheat germplasms stripe rust

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First successful domestication of a white strain of Auricularia cornea from Thailand

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 420-434页

作者： Bandara AR Mortimer PE Vadthanarat S Xingrong P Karunarathna SC Hyde KD Kakumyan P Xu J CAS Key Laboratory for plant diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand World Agroforestry centre East and Central AsiaKunming 650201YunnanChina

Intraspecies colour variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation *** this study,we collected,identified,and domesticated a white strain of Auricularia cornea from *** brown strain of *** is one of the top two species of Auricularia cultivated and traded in *** both white and brown phenotypes of *** belong to a single species,we established their similarities or *** morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS rDNA sequence data were used to confirm the taxonomic placement of the white *** strain in the same clade with the brown *** analysis showed that fat,fiber,protein,and total soluble sugar contents of the white *** were significantly higher than the commercially used brown *** melanin content of the white strain of ***(less than 1.5 mg/100g)was not significantly different from that of the brown *** discovery may create new opportunities for the mushroom growing industry and for smallholder farmers in Asia.

关键词： colour variation Melanin Southeast Asia wood-ear mushrooms

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Wild rice research: Advancing plant science and food security

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Molecular plant 2022年第4期15卷 563-565页

作者： Robert J.Henry Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia ARC centre of Excellence for plant Success in Nature and Agriculture University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Rice was domesticated in Asia(Oryza sativa)and Africa(Oryza glaberrima)from Oryza rufipogon and Oryza bathii,*** Oryza genus has a pantropical *** genetic diversity in Oryza provides an extensive gene pool to adapt rice to climate change and address future food *** primary gene pool of domesticated rice includes species that are readily accessible for rice breeding due to ease of crossing,while more distant species are also sources of useful genes that can be recovered with greater difficulty(Figure 1).Advances in genomics and gene editing provide a path for use of this wider *** of Oryza species also offer potential insights into rice biology that may be critical for ongoing rice food security.

关键词： sativa Oryza breeding

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Deletion of a Stay-Green Gene Associates with Adaptive Selection in Brassica napus

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Molecular plant 2016年第12期9卷 1559-1569页

作者： Lunwen Qian Kai Voss-Fels Yixin Cui Habib U. Jan Birgit Samans Christian Obermeier Wei Qian Rod J. Snowdon Department of plant Breeding IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems Land Use and Nutrition Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University 400716 Chongqing China

Chlorophyll levels provide important imrormation about plant growth and physiological plasticity in response to changing environments. The stay-green gene NON-YELLOWING 1 （NYE1） is believed to regu-late chlorophyll degradation during senescence, concomitantly affecting the disassembly of the light- harvesting complex and hence indirectly influencing photosynthesis. We identified Brassica napus acces- sions carrying an NYE1 deletion associated with increased chlorophyll content, and with upregulated expression of light-harvesting complex and photosynthetic reaction center （PSI and PSII） genes. Compar- ative analysis of the seed oil content of accessions with related genetic backgrounds revealed that the B. napus NYE1 gene deletion （bnnyel） affected oil accumulation, and linkage disequilibrium signatures suggested that the locus has been subject to artificial selection by breeding in oilseed B. napus forms. Comparative analysis of haplotype diversity groups （haplogroups） between three different ecotypes of the allopolyploid B. napus and its A-subgenome diploid progenitor, Brassica rapa, indicated that introgres- sion of the bnnyel deletion from Asian B. rapa into winter-type B. napus may have simultaneously improved its adaptation to cooler environments experienced by autumn-sown rapeseed.

关键词： rapeseed breeding chlorophyll photosynthesis presence-absence variation PAV

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Designing a Mini-Core Collection Effectively Representing 3004 Diverse Rice Accessions

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plant Communications 2020年第5期1卷 141-154页

作者： Angad Kumar Shivendra Kumar Kajol B.M.Singh Manoj Prasad Jitendra K.Thakur plant Mediator Lab National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchAruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi 110067India

Genetic diversity provides the foundation for plant breeding and genetic *** 3000 rice genomes were recently sequenced as part of the 3K Rice Genome(3KRG)*** added four additional Indian rice accessions to create a panel of 3004 ***,such a large collection of germplasm is difficult to preserve and *** construction of core and mini-core collections is an efficient method for the management of genetic *** this study,we developed a mini-core comprising 520 accessions that captured most of the SNPs and represented all of the phenotypes and geographic regions from the original *** mini-core was validated using different statistical analyses and contained representatives from all major rice groups,including japonica,indica,aus/boro,and aromatic/*** association analyses of the mini-core panel efficiently reproduced the marker–trait associations identified in the original *** analysis validated the utility of the mini-core *** the current era with many ongoing large-scale sequencing projects,such a strategy for mini-core design should be useful in many *** rice mini-core collection developed in this study would be valuable for agronomic trait evaluation and useful for rice improvement via marker-assisted molecular breeding.

关键词： rice mini-core SNPs GWAS 3KRG agronomic trait

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Control of Bird Feeding Behavior by Tannin1 through Modulating the Biosynthesis of Polyphenols and Fatty Acid-Derived Volatiles in Sorghum

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Molecular plant 2019年第10期12卷 1315-1324页

作者： Peng Xie Jiayang Shi Sanyuan Tang Chengxuan Chen Aimal Khan Fengxia Zhang Ying Xiong Chao Li Wei He Guodong Wang Fumin Lei Yaorong Wu Qi Xie State Key Laboratory of plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049P.R.China Key Laboratory of Zoological systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084P.R.China

Bird predation during seed maturation causes great loss to agricultural *** this study,through GWAS analysis of a large-scale sorghum germplasm diversity panel,we identified that Tannin1,which encodes a WD40 protein functioning in the WD40/MYB/bHLH complex,controls bird feeding behavior in *** profiling analysis showed that a group of sorghum accessions preferred by birds contain mutated tan1-a/b alleles and accumulate significantly lower levels of anthocyanins and condensed tannin *** contrast,a variety of aromatic and fatty acid-derived volatiles accumulate at significantly higher levels in these bird-preference *** subsequently conducted both sparrow feeding and sparrow volatile attractant assays,which confirmed,respectively,the antifeedant and attractant functions of these differentially accumulated *** addition,the connection between the biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin and the pathway of fatty acid–derived volatile biosynthesis was demonstrated by discovering that Tannin1 complex modulates fatty acid biosynthesis by regulating the expression of SbGL2 in sorghum,thus affecting the accumulation of fatty acid-derived *** together,our study identified Tannin1 as the gene underlying the major locus controlling bird feeding behavior in sorghum,illustrating an example of the identification of an ecologically impactful molecular mechanism from field observation and providing significant insights into the chemistry of bird–plant ecological interactions.

关键词： bird damage GWAS metabolism tannin volatiles

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The rhizospheric microbiome becomes more diverse with maize domestication and genetic improvement

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 1188-1202页

作者： HUANG Jun LI Yun-feng MA Yuan-ying LI Yan-sheng JIN Jian LIAN Teng-xiang Key Laboratory of plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510640P.R.China centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbane Qld 4072Australia Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150081P.R.China Department of Animal Plant and Soil SciencesCentre for AgriBioscienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourne CampusBundoora Vic 3086Australia

Domestication and genetic improvement of maize improve yield and stress tolerance due to changes in morphological and physiological properties, which likely alter rhizosphere microbial diversity. Understanding how the evolution of maize germplasm impacts its rhizobacterial traits during the growth stage is important for optimizing plant-microbe associations and obtaining yield gain in domesticated germplasms. In this study, a total of nine accessions representing domestication and subsequent genetic improvement were selected. We then sequenced the plant DNA and rhizobacterial DNA of teosinte, landraces and inbred lines at the seedling, flowering and maturity stages in a field trial. Moreover, the soil chemical properties were determined at the respective stages to explore the associations of soil characteristics with bacterial community structures. The results showed that domestication and genetic improvement increased the rhizobacterial diversity and substantially altered the rhizobacterial community composition. The core microbiome in the rhizosphere differed among germplasm groups. The co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that the modularity in the bacterial network of the inbred lines was greater than those of teosinte and the landraces. In conclusion, the increased diversity of the rhizobacterial community with domestication and genetic improvement may improve maize resilience to biotic stresses and soil nutrient availability to plants.

关键词： teosinte landraces inbred lines domestication and improvement core microbiome network

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Vascular plants distribution in relation to topography and environmental variables in alpine zone of Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary,West Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第9期15卷 1936-1949页

作者： CHANDRA Sudeep SINGH Ankit SINGH C.P. NAUTIYAL M.C. RAWAT L.S. High Altitude plant Physiology Research centre(HAPPRC)H.N.B.Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal-246174UttarakhandIndia Space Applications centre (Indian Space Research Organization)Ahmedabad 380015India Govind Ballabh Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment&Sustainable Development Garhwal Unit Srinagar Garhwal-246174UttarakhandIndia

The present study was carried out in Tungnath alpine meadows of Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary, Western Himalaya from subalpine to upper alpine zone. A total of four summits were selected along an altitudinal gradient and sampled for detailed vegetation analysis using multi summit approach as per Global observation research initiative in alpine environments(GLORIA). Species richness, diversity, and evenness among four summits as well as the interaction between environmental variables with plant communities were assessed. Monthly mean soil temperature was calculated using data retrieved from geo-precision temperature logger in order to identify the trend of soil temperature among different season and altitudinal gradient and its implications to plant communities. Soil samples were analyzed fromeach summit by collecting randomized composite soil samples. The indirect non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) and direct canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) tools of ordination techniques to determine the linkage between plant species from various sample summits and biotic/abiotic environmental gradients were used in the present study. The results of the study demonstrated increase in species richness as soil temperature increases, the ecotone representing summits were found most warm summits followed by highest species richness. Annual soil temperature increased by 1.43°C at timberline ecotone. Whereas, at upper alpine zone the soil temperature increased by 0.810 C from year 2015 to 2016. S?rensen's similarity index was found to be increased between subalpine and upper alpine zone with increase in the presence of subalpine plant species at upper alpine zone. Both the ordination tools separate the subalpine summit and their respective vegetation from summits representingtimberline ecotone and upper alpine zone. Soil p H, altitude, soil cation exchange capacity were found as the key abiotic drivers for distribution of plant species.

关键词： GLORIA Non-metric multidimensionalscaling (NMDS) Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) Ecotone West Himalaya

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