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Rewilding staple crops for the lost halophytism:Toward sustainability and profitability of agricultural production systems

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Molecular Plant 2022年第1期15卷 45-64页

作者： Nishtha Rawat Silas Wungrampha Sneh L.Singla-Pareek Min Yu Sergey Shabala Ashwani Pareek Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab School of Life SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India Plant Stress Biology International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi 110067India International Research centre for Environmental Membrane Biology Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000China Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture University of TasmaniaHobart Tas 7001Australia National Agri-food Biotechnology institute Mohali 140306India

Abiotic stress tolerance has been weakened during the domestication of all major staple *** salinity is a major environmental constraint that impacts over half of the world population;however,given the increasing reliance on irrigation and the lack of available freshwater,agriculture in the 21st century will increasingly become ***,global food security is critically dependent on the ability of plant breeders to create high-yielding staple crop varieties that will incorporate salinity tolerance traits and ac-count for future climate ***,we have argued that the current agricultural practices and reliance on crops that exclude salt from uptake is counterproductive and environmentally unsustainable,and thus called for a need for a major shift in a breeding paradigm to incorporate some halophytic traits that were present in wild relatives but were lost in modern crops during *** this review,we provide a comprehensive physiological and molecular analysis of the key traits conferring crop halophy-tism,such as vacuolar Na+sequestration,ROS desensitization,succulence,metabolic photosynthetic switch,and salt deposition in trichomes,and discuss the strategies for incorporating them into elite germ-plasm,to address a pressing issue of boosting plant salinity tolerance.

关键词： halophyte salinity salt sequestration tissue tolerance trichomes water use efficiency

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澳大利亚的灌区管理及其启示

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中国水利 2011年第9期 51-54页

作者：罗强王修贵 Mohsin Hafeez 何林华武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室武汉430070 International centre of Water for food security Charles Sturt UniversityNSW 2678

澳大利亚灌区管理一般采取用水户参与的公司运作模式,通过灌溉公司和用水户所拥有的水权进行灌区水资源的分配,水权可以进入水市场进行临时或者永久的交易。灌区通过现代信息化技术来实现灌区水资源利用效率的提高和农户经济收入的提高... 详细信息

澳大利亚灌区管理一般采取用水户参与的公司运作模式,通过灌溉公司和用水户所拥有的水权进行灌区水资源的分配,水权可以进入水市场进行临时或者永久的交易。灌区通过现代信息化技术来实现灌区水资源利用效率的提高和农户经济收入的提高,并通过专门机构来负责环境用水水权。结合我国灌区实际,提出可供我国灌区管理借鉴的经验。

关键词：灌区管理水权与水市场环境用水

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An overview of the use of plastic-film mulching in China to increase crop yield and water-use efficiency

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National Science Review 2020年第10期7卷 1523-1526页

作者： Dongbao Sun Haigang Li Enli Wang Wenqing He Weiping Hao Changrong Yan Yuzhong Li Xurong Mei Yanqing Zhang Zhanxiang Sun Zhikuan Jia Huaiping Zhou Tinglu Fan Xucheng Zhang Qin Liu Fengju Wang Chaochun Zhang Jianbo Shen Qingsuo Wang Fusuo Zhang centre for Resources Environment and Food Security China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture of Ministry of Education Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CSIRO Agriculture Flagship Inner Mongolia key laboratory of soil quality and nutrient resources Key laboratory of grassland resource (IMAU) Ministry of EducationCollege of Grassland Resources and EnvironmentInner Mongolia Agricultural University Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Agronomy (Academy of Agricultural Sciences) Northwest A & F University Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resource Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Dryland Agricultural Research Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Since 1990, crop yields have stagnated in many parts of the world, posing a significant challenge to global food security [1].As such, innovative solutions are needed to increase the resource-use efficiency of cropping systems to produce more grains per unit area. In China, which is home to one-fifth of the global population,

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Potential of Indigenous Pesticidal Plants in the Control of Field and Post-Harvest Arthropod Pests in Bambara Groundnuts (<i>Vigna subterranea</i>(L.) Verdc.) in Africa: A Review

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 745-772页

作者： Nicodemus S. Tlankka Ernest R. Mbega Patrick A. Ndakidemi Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity Ecosystems Management School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) Arusha Tanzania centre for Research Agricultural Advancement Teaching Excellence and Sustainability in Food and Nutrition Security (CREATES FNS) The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania

Bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is an important leguminous crop native in Africa and is mainly cultivated for its highly nutritious grains. However, bambara groundnuts production is constrained by many insect pests including aphids (Aphids sp.), leaf hopers (Hilda patruelis), foliage beetles (Ootheca mutabilis), pod sucking bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis), red spider mites (Tetrunychus sp.), groundnut jassids in the field and bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus, and Callosobruchus subinnotatus) in the storage. Smallholder farmers usually apply synthetic pesticides to control those insect pests. However, synthetic pesticides are potentially harmful to the environment, non-targeted animals and human’s health. Pesticidal plants such as B. pilosa, L. camara, T. vogelii, V. amygdalina, L. javanica, T. diversifolia, and C. dichogamus which are available in most parts of Africa where the crop is cultivated, possess bioactive chemicals which have insecticidal properties and have been revealed to be potential in the control of field and storage insect pests. Therefore, they can be used as an alternative to synthetic pesticides. Bambara groundnuts being one of the neglected crops, the insects affecting the crop have not been well explored in terms of their abundance and damage they cause to the crop in the field and on storage. Thus, in this review, the common arthropod pests of the bambara groundnuts and the potential of the bioactive compounds from the common plants with pesticidal properties have been described. It is recommended that the potential of these pesticidal plants to be investigated on bambara groundnut pests control on the field and on storage to optimize their use by smallholder farmers in insect control to reduce dependence on synthetic pesticides.

关键词： Neglected Crop Synthetic Pesticides Bioactive Compounds Insecticidal Properties

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World’s Fastest Supercomputer Picks COVID-19 Drug

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 211-225页

作者： Zameer Shervani Intazam Khan Tasrina Khan Umair Yaqub Qazi Nanomaterials Production Division Food and Energy Security Research and Product Centre Sendai Japan Department of Neurology North Shore University Hospital Northwell Health Manhasset NY USA Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA Flushing Hospital Medical Center Flushing NY USA Biology Department University at Buffalo Buffalo USA Chemistry Department College of Science University of Hafar Al Batin Hafar Al Batin KSA

We have demonstrated the application of the world’s fastest supercomputer Fugaku located in Japan to select the COVID-19 drugs and stopping the pandemic spread. Using computer simulation out of 2128 potential drug candidates, the world’s fastest supercomputer picked 30 most effective and potential drugs. Twelve of them are under clinical trials outside Japan;some are being tested in Japan. The computer reduced the computation time from one year to 10 days when compared to second superfast computer of the world. Fugaku supercomputer was employed to know the behavior of airborne aerosol COVID-19 virus. 3Cs were suggested: avoid closed and crowded spaces and contacts to stop the pandemic spread. The progress in vaccine development and proper use and type of mask has also been described in this article. The article will benefit greatly to stop spreading and treating the pandemic COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Drug World’s Fastest Supercomputer Fugaku Supercomputer COVID-19 Treatment COVID-19 Prevention

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Seasonal occurrence of microplastics in sediment of two South African recreational reservoirs

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Water Biology and security 2023年第3期2卷 12-18页

作者： Thendo Mutshekwa Linton F.Munyai Lutendo Mugwedi Ross N.Cuthbert Farai Dondofema Tatenda Dalu Aquatic Systems Research Group Department of Geography and Environmental SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandou0950South Africa School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of MpumalangaNelspruit1200South Africa Institute for Global food security School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBT95DLBelfastNorthern IrelandUK South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity Makhanda6140South Africa Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch7600South Africa

Inland water systems are regarded as a pathway and sink of plastic pollutants from the terrestrial *** ecosystems are globally contaminated with microplastics,but the spatiotemporal occurrence and density of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems remain poorly *** present study seasonally assessed differences in microplastic density in the sediments from two South African recreational reservoirs associated with low human activities(macadamia orchards)and high human activities(communal areas).Microplastics were recovered from all of the reservoirs assessed,indicating their extensive occurrence and *** numbers were significantly higher in reservoirs associated with high anthropogenic activities during the hot-dry season(140.6 particles kg^(-1)dwt)and lower in reservoirs associated with low anthropogenic activities during the hot-wet and cool-dry seasons,i.e.,22.60 particles kg^(-1)dwt and 16.13 particles kg^(-1)dwt,***,polypropylene(31%)and polystyrene(30%)were identified as the dominant types of microplastic polymer in both reservoir ***,no correlative relationships were observed for environmental parameters and microplastic densities across reservoirs and seasons,suggesting a widespread and largely context-independent pollution *** results show that microplastics are not evenly distributed between waters associated with low human activities and high human *** work should seek greater sample sizes and centre around observing microplastic contamination in the region by examining their sources,transport,and impacts to freshwater environments,whilst informing management strategies.

关键词： Emerging pollutant Plastic debris Contamination Microplastics Freshwater pollution

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Formulation, Proximate Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of <i>Mumu</i>from Pearl Millet, Irish Potato and Sesame Seed Blend

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第3期11卷 235-246页

作者： Tabitha Mngunengen Aande Isaac Gbaa Agbidye Christiana Agbenu Adah centre for food Technology and Research Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Chemistry Department Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria

Mumu is a traditional cereal-based food product, particularly consumed by Tiv people of Benue State of Nigeria. It is usually produced from maize, sorghum or millet alone. The diversification of this food crop will increase its utilization and contribute, maximally, to food security. Unlike millet, post-harvest technology for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is very limited, thereby contributing minimally to food security. Consumers are constantly looking for novel food products where local produces are incorporated. This will give the much needed impetus to food manufacturers to explore and formulate new food products, with improved nutritional value, based on the local traditional knowledge available. This will lead to increased utilisation of some underutilized food as potato and sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) which are readily available. The study was, therefore, aimed at producing Mumu, a Nigerian indigenous snack food, formulated from pearl millet, Irish potatoes and sesame seed. Formulation of blends was based on different levels of roasted pearl millet flour (RPMF), boiled Irish potato flour (BIPF), and roasted sesame seed flour (RSSF). The three ingredients were combined in the following ratios: RPMF 100 (control), 70:20:10, 65:25:10 and 65:20:15 of RPMF: BIPF: RSSF, respectively. Formulated blends were significantly higher (p p healthy life of locals, such ble

关键词： Mumu Blends Proximate Composition Post-Harvest Losses

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COVID-19 Vaccine

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 195-210页

作者： Zameer Shervani Intazam Khan Tasrina Khan Umair Yaqub Qazi Nanomaterials Production Division Food and Energy Security Research and Product Centre Sendai Japan Department of Neurology North Shore University Hospital Northwell Health Manhasset New York USA Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA Flushing Hospital Medical Center Flushing New York USA Biology Department University at Buffalo Buffalo USA Chemistry Department College of Science University of Hafar Al Batin Hafar Al Batin KSA

A number of companies have announced the vaccines for COVID-19 pandemic that has caused extreme poverty, famine, and more than a billion people have lost livelihood all across the globe. Mass production of vaccine Sputnik V is underway at different locations to inoculate population in Russia, Philippines, Vietnam, Brazil, Saudi Arab, and United Arab Emirates (UAE), and India. mRNA based vaccine of Pfizer-BioNTech after passing phase 2 trial is ready for testing on thousands of volunteers. Oxford University-AstraZeneca vaccine is also under phase 3 trial in US, Brazil, and India. In September, Novavax Inc.’s vaccine will be ready for phase 3 trial. By early next year, two billions of doses will be ready of Novavax. Moderna Therapeutics conducting vaccine trial on 30 thousands volunteers, results will be known soon. Hundreds of thousand volunteers have registered already for vaccination in US and other parts of the world. SinoVac Biotech Ltd. has prepared a vaccine “CoronaVac” and inoculating volunteers in Indonesia and Brazil. CanSino Biologics Inc. in phase 2 trial on 508 volunteers found a satisfactory immune response to COVID-19 virus. Apart from vaccine preparation and availability, we provided data for therapy and treatment for COVID-19 and transmission and stability aspect of COVID-19 SARS-Cov-2 virus. The data and results presented in this article are very important and useful in containing, treating, and eliminating the pandemic COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccine Plasma Therapy COVID-19 Transmission SARS-Cov-2 in Feces COVID-19 in Pets Community Transmission Super Spreader

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On Right to Adequate food and Relevant Concepts from the Legal Perspective

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The Journal of Human Rights 2017年第3期16卷 256-277页

作者：孙娟娟 FU Yao Law School at Renmin University of China research fellow with the Coordination Innovation Centre for Food Safety Governance at Renmin University of China

As a fundamental right,the right to adequate food entitles everyone to live with dignity by having access to adequate food that is safe and nutritious However,the current food system features unequal food production and distribution To remedy this situation,certain concepts have been proposed to realize the right to adequate food,including food security,food safety,food sovereignty,food democracy and food exception This paper analyses these concepts from the perspective of the right to adequate food and how they can be incorporated into legislation to help realize and protect this right

关键词： right to adequate food food security food safety food sovereignty

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SARS-Cov-2 Delayed Tokyo 2020 Olympics: Very Recent Advances in COVID-19 Detection, Treatment, and Vaccine Development Useful Conducting the Games in 2021

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第3期10卷 56-66页

作者： Zameer Shervani Intazam Khan Umair Yaqub Qazi Nanomaterials Production Division Food and Energy Security Research and Product Centre Sendai Japan Department of Neurology North Shore University Hospital New York USA Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical Cornell University New York USA Chemistry Department College of Science University of Hafar Al Batin Hafar Al Batin KSA

The novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) delayed the Tokyo 2020 Games. The traveling by air, rail, road, and sea inside and outside the countries has stopped to contain the virus. The amount of money lost and assistance needed to reschedule and conduct the Games in 2021 have been estimated. With more than one billion population is under the semi-locked down and movement of people is restricted, athletes cannot prepare at home and participate in the Games. The COVID-19 outbreak has spread around the world;it has already infected 5.7 million people and caused 355,000 deaths reported on May 28, 2020 and the figures increasing every day. The publication of this article is important as the postponement of the Olympics has costed Japan $6 billion and the organizers have worked very hard for seven years. If the Games are conducted in 2021, it will be the—beginning of the world recovery—from big COVID-19 pandemic. In this communication, the development in testing, treatment, and vaccine preparation for SARS-Cov-2 have occurred so far in different countries and companies have been discussed to know the possibilities if the pandemic can be overcome and the Games can be conducted in 2021.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-Cov-2 Tokyo 2020 Olympics COVID-19 Detection SARS-Cov-2 Treatment COVID-19 Vaccine

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