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How Can Practitioners Support Citizen Volunteers in Disaster Risk Reduction? Insight from “Good and Ready” in Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 374-387页

作者： Lo?c Le Dé Steve Ronoh Ei Mon Thinn Kyu Brigitte Rive School of Public health and Interdisciplinary studies Auckland University of Technology Pacific health Research centre Auckland University of Technology New Zealand Red Cross

Global and national policy frameworks emphasize the importance of people's participation and volunteers' role in disaster risk reduction. While research has extensively focused on volunteers in disaster response and recovery, less attention has been paid on how organizations involved in disaster risk management can support volunteers in leading and coordinating communitybased disaster risk reduction. In 2019, the New Zealand Red Cross piloted the Good and Ready initiative in Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand, with the objective to empower local people in resilience building with a focus on volunteers and community participation. This research examined the positive and negative outcomes of Good and Ready and investigated volunteers' experiences in the disaster resilience initiative. It involved the codesign of a questionnaire-based survey using participatory methods with Good and Ready volunteers, the dissemination of the survey to gather volunteers' viewpoints, and a focus group discussion with participatory activities with Red Cross volunteers. The findings highlight that a key challenge lies in finding a balance between a program that provides flexibility to address contextual issues and fosters communities' ownership, versus a prescriptive and standardized approach that leaves little room for creativity and self-initiative. It pinpoints that supporting volunteers with technical training is critical but that soft skills training such as coordinating, communicating,or facilitating activities at the local level are needed. It concludes that the sustainability of Good and Ready requires understanding and meeting volunteers' motivations and expectations and that enhancing partnerships with local emergency management agencies would strengthen the program.

关键词： Community-based approach Disaster risk reduction New Zealand Participation Volunteers

Comparison of vergence mechanisms between university students with good and poor sleep quality

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 353-358页

作者： Pui Juan Woi Joyce Yi Ling Lu Mohd Izzuddin Hairol Wan Nur Amirah Ibrahim Optometry and Vision Science Programme Center for Community Health Studies(ReaCH)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia centre of Optometry studies Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARASelangor BranchPuncak Alam CampusSelangor 42300Malaysia

AIM:To compare the vergence mechanisms between good and poor sleepers in university ***:A total of 64 university students were recruited in this *** validated Malay version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire(PSQI-M)was used to measure the participants’sleep quality over the past *** were categorized as good sleepers(n=32)and poor sleepers(n=32)based on the PSQI-M *** and fusional vergences were measured at distance and ***-Whitney U test was used to compare heterophoria,negative fusional vergence(NFV),and positive fusional vergence(PFV)at distance and near between good and poor *** correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between PSQI-M score and PFV at ***:Both distance and near heterophorias were not significantly different between good and poor sleepers(P>0.05).There was a difference in distance PFV(P0.05).Distance PFV was negatively correlated with PSQI-M score(rs=-0.33,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:University students with poor sleep quality demonstrates a reduced ability to maintain fusion with increasing convergence demand at *** quality assessment during binocular vision examination in university students is recommended.

关键词： binocular vision vergence sleep quality university students

Snow and regolith albedo variations using CRISM data at McMurdo crater,Mars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 338-355页

作者： Sehajpal Singh Deepak Singh centre of studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbaiIndia

The cryosphere component provides the most reliable and insightful indications of any planet’s climate *** data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars(CRISM),we develop a novel approach to determining the broadband Visible and Near Infrared(VNIR)albedo of the Martian *** study focuses on albedo changes in the McMurdo crater,part of Mars’s south polar layer *** compare seasonal and interannual variations of the McMurdo surface albedo before,during,and after the Global Dust Storm(GDS)of Martian Year(MY)*** the seasons progressed from spring to summer,the mean albedo in MY 32 and 34 plunged by over 40%,by about 35%in MY 33,and by slightly more than 30%in MY *** interannually,however,mean albedo values within both seasons(spring and summer)exhibited no significant differences in those same ***,interannual albedo difference maps reveal albedo variation of more than±0.3 in certain regions of the *** only snow-covered pixels,interannual albedo differences suggest that Mars dust had a pervasive impact on Mars’s *** in maximum and minimum albedo values as high as 0.5 were observed,depending upon differences in the dust levels in Martian snow/*** maximum and the minimum snow albedo values were lowest in MY 34,indicating the effect of the intense dust storm event that *** average snow albedo decreased from 0.45 in MY 32 to 0.40 in MY 33 and to 0.33 in MY 34,and then rose back to 0.40 in MY *** trajectory suggests a temporary deposition of dust,partially reversed after the GDS by self-cleaning mechanisms(local aeolian process and CO_(2)sublimation/deposition cycle).

关键词： Mars Martian ice albedo dust storm Mars surface Martian climate

Liposomal dual delivery systems in visceral leishmaniasis enhance the synergistic effects of combination therapy:A promise for the future

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 47-60页

作者： Raghunath Hazra Amrita Kar Santanu Kar Mahapatra Department of Paramedical and Allied health Sciences Biodiversity and Environmental Studies Research CentreMidnapore City CollegeKuturiyaBhadutalaPaschim Medinipur-721129West BengalIndia

Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)is a neglected tropical disease,and this review has summarized the current treatment scenario and its *** also highlights alternative approaches used by research groups in India and around the world to develop cutting-edge and potent anti-leishmanial *** though numerous medications could be utilized to treat VL,the limitations of current treatments including their toxicity,cost,route of administration,and duration of doses,have contributed to the emergence of *** therapy might be a better option due to its shorter duration,easier route of administration,and ability to extend the lifespan of individual ***,there is a risk of not delivering both the drugs to the target site together,which can be overcome by the liposomal entrapment of those drugs and at a time knock an opportunity to reduce the dosage of amphotericin B if the combination drug provides a synergistic effect with ***,this review presents a novel strategy to fight against VL by introducing dual drug-loaded liposomes.

关键词： Visceral leishmaniasis Liposomal anti-leishmanial drug Dual drug liposome

Application of horticulture therapy as a health intervention for elderly people in nursing homes:a scoping review

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Frontiers of nursing 2024年第3期11卷 231-242页

作者： Jing-Jing Wang Xiao-Yu Niu Ming-Li Zhao Department of Community health nursing School of Nursing and HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450007China Department of nursing Shanghai Fifth People’s HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200240China

Objective:To review the scope of interventional studies on horticultural therapy(HT)applied to elderly people in nursing institutions to support the efficient implementation of HT among this target ***:In accordance with the scoping review framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI),the Pub Med,JSTOR,Web of Science,CNKI,and Wanfang databases were *** from the retrieved literature were summarized and ***:In all,18 studies were included in this *** target population groups of interventions included self-supporting elderly people,cognitively impaired elderly people,elderly people with negative emotions,and elderly people with frailty living in nursing *** interventions,including planting,craft activities,derivative activities,and outdoor viewing activities,are implemented indoors,outdoors,or in mixed *** most common duration of the intervention was 8 weeks,the most common frequency was once per week,and the most common session duration was 60 ***:The measurements used in HT interventions included assessments of physical,psycho-mental,and social health;quality of life;and activity *** studies should include partially dependent groups and completely dependent groups of elderly individuals,interventions that last at least 6 months,scientifically designed activity intensity and safety-guarantee plans,and outcomeevaluation indicators such as compliance and intervention benefits.

关键词： elderly people horticultural therapy intervention nursing home scoping review

Source parameters and aftershock pattern of the October 7,2021,M5.9 Harnai earthquake,Pakistan

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Earthquake Science 2024年第4期37卷 304-323页

作者： Mohammad Tahir Zeeshan Ahmad Sadia Sabahat Muhammad Naveed Mushtaq Talat Iqbal Muhammad Ali Shah Alam Aftab centre for Earthquake studies National Centre for PhysicsIslamabad 44000Pakistan

On October 7,2021,a magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck the Harnai(Baluchistan)region of Pakistan,causing several fatalities and injuries within the epicentral ***-order tectonic deformation in this region is caused by the convergence of the Indian Plate with respect to the Eurasian *** Katwaz Block hinders the motion of the Indian Plate,resulting in the formation of strike-slip *** this study,the P-wave first-motion polarity technique was used to determine the mainshock faulting *** scanning of the polarity solutions was applied to determine the most suitable focal mechanism solution among the available solutions generated by the FOCMEC(focal mechanism)*** nodal planes correspond to different faulting styles(i.e.,thrust and strike-slip faulting).A nodal plane oriented in the NW-SE direction corresponded to a strike-slip mechanism,which was considered to be the fault ***,this earthquake was associated with the Harnai-Karahi strike-slip fault zone owing to the fault strike and direction of *** apparent stress drop,fault length,and moment magnitude of the Harnai earthquake were 35.4 bar,6.1 km,and 5.9,respectively.A lower b-value for the Gutenberg-Richter law was observed prior to the ***α-than b-values(α>b)indicate that this earthquake was governed by large events as opposed to small-magnitude *** Harnai sequence had a decay exponent close to unity,lasted for 145 days,and produced few *** study will help the future hazard mitigation in the region.

关键词： focal mechanism solution selection of fault plane FPFIT stress inversion oblique slip mechanism

nursing student volunteers and their level of involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic:a systematic review

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Frontiers of nursing 2024年第1期11卷 23-37页

作者： Yayu Nidaul Fithriyyah Syahirul Alim Department of Medical Surgical-nursing Faculty of MedicinePublic Health and NursingUniversitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta 55281Indonesia Department of Basic&Emergency nursing Faculty of MedicinePublic Health and NursingUniversitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta 55281Indonesia

Objective:Many strategic efforts were made to address nurses'shortage in controlling Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),including recruiting student health *** review aimed to explore the contribution and involvement of nursing student volunteers during ***:A systematic review was registered in PROSPERO International *** databases for ar ticle search included:SCOPUS,EBSCO MEDLINE,Pub Med,Pro Quest,Springer,Sage Pub,and hand *** critical appraisal study quality using The Joanna Briggs *** extraction and synthesis used Population,Intervention,Comparison,Outcome,and Design(PICO and D)framework with thematic ***:Twelve studies were enrolled from 2545 retrieved,with 4 synthesized themes:(1)determinant of the involvement of nursing student volunteers during COVID-19,which includes 3 subthemes:motivations,perception,and barriers,(2)expectations and actual condition of nursing students as volunteers,(3)the need for nursing student volunteers,and(4)the impact and level of student volunteers'*** student volunteers contribute to providing direct or indirect services to ***:This review provides an overview of nursing student volunteers'needs useful in developing competency frameworks and the role of culturally sensitive volunteers in education and *** the future,student volunteers could choose the appropriate volunteer program and location according to their competence.

关键词： COVID-19 nursing students systematic review volunteers

Identifying behavioral determinants and stage of readiness for performing knee massage among individuals with knee osteoarthritis:An observational study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 54-63页

作者： Donya Nemati Niki Munk Navin Kaushal College of nursing the Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of health Sciences School of Health&Human SciencesIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA National centre for Naturopathic Medicine Southern Cross UniversityLismoreNew South Wales 2480Australia Australian Research centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine(ARCCIM) Massage&Myotherapy Australia Fellow and Visiting Faculty of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyNew South Wales 2007Australia

Objective Patients who experience knee osteoarthritis or chronic knee pain can alleviate their symptoms by performing self-knee *** the readiness and types of determinants needed to facilitate self-knee massage is needed to design effective,theory-informed *** primary objective of this study was to apply the transtheoretical model of behavior change to identify how factors,which include the type of knee condition and pain level,predict an individual’s readiness to adopt self-knee *** secondary objective employed the capability,opportunity and motivation-behavior(COM-B)model to identify relevant determinants that are predictive of an individual’s readiness to undertake self-knee *** An observational study design was used to recruit individuals with knee osteoarthritis(n=270)and chronic knee pain(n=130).Participants completed an online survey that assessed the transtheoretical model of behavior change stages,COM-B determinants(capability,opportunity and motivation),along with self-administered massage *** analysis of covariance and structural equation modeling were used to test the primary and secondary objective,*** Participants who had knee osteoarthritis scored higher on the action stage compared to those with chronic pain(P=0.003),and those who experienced greater level of pain scored higher in the contemplation(P<0.001)and action phases(P<0.001)of performing knee massage compared to those with milder *** COM-B structural equation model revealed self-administered knee massage to be predicted by capability(β=0.31,P=0.004)and motivation(β=0.29,P<0.001),but not opportunity(β=–0.10,P=0.39).Pain level predicted motivation(β=0.27,P<0.001),but not capability(β=0.09,P=0.07)or opportunity(β=0.01,P=0.83).Tests for mediating effects found that determinants of COM-B(motivation and capability)mediate between pain level and self-administered massage behavior(β=0.10,P=0.002).Conclusion Cl

关键词： Osteoarthritis Massage Self-management Transtheoretical model of behavior change Behavioral model

The use of oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women in sub-Saharan Africa:considerations,barriers,and recommendations

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Global health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 41-45页

作者： Enos Moyo Grant Murewanhema Perseverance Moyo Tafadzwa Dzinamarira Andrew Ross School of nursing&Public health College of Health SciencesUniversity of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences University of ZimbabweHarareZimbabwe Medical centre Oshakati OshakatiNamibia School of health Systems and Public health University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

In sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),63%of new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections in 2021 were among women,particularly adolescent girls,and young *** is a high incidence of HIV among pregnant and lactating women(PLW)in *** is estimated that the risk of HIV-acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period more than *** this article,we discuss the safety and effectiveness of drugs used for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),considerations for initiating PrEP in PLW,the barriers to initiating and adhering to PrEP among them and suggest recommendations to address these ***/emtricitabine,the most widely used combination in SSA,is safe,clinically effective,and cost-effective among *** PLW who requests PrEP and has no medical contraindications should receive *** users who are pregnant or lactating may experience barriers to starting and adhering for a variety of reasons,including personal,pill-related,and healthcare facility-related *** address the barriers,we recommend an increased provision of information on PrEP to the women and the communities,increasing and/or facilitating access to PrEP among the PLW,and developing strategies to increase adherence.

关键词： Pre-exposure prophylaxis Pregnancy Lactation Safety Barriers Recommendations