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Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.R.Gupta James M.Tiedje CSIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia centre for microbial ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum(dispersal),the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over *** soil is protective,and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely ***,a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environmental effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,animals and their fecal matter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser importance,other micronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales,for example,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organismal *** present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies,with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales,and illustrate this with genomic and population(rRNA gene)data from selected studies.

关键词： abundance community structure diversity functional microbiome microorganisms

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Understanding activity of butyrate at a cellular level

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2323-2324页

作者： Prapti Chakraborty Angela S.Laird Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research centre Macquarie Medical SchoolFaculty of MedicineHealth and Human SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid of four carbons in length that is a by-product produced by the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber and undigested carbohydrates within the *** the years,butyrate has attracted ... 详细信息

关键词： carbons butyrate fiber

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Production,characterization and biological activities of acidic exopolysaccharide from marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第7期10卷 715-725页

作者： Samah A.El-Newary Abeer Y.Ibrahim Mohsen S.Asker Manal G.Mahmoud Mohamed E.El Awady Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research National Research CentreDokkiCairoEgypt microbial Biotechnology Department National Research CentreDokkiCairoEgypt

Objective: To evaluate in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor abilities against human breast adenocarcinoma(MCF7) and human prostate cancer(PC3) as well as the suppressor effect of bacterial exopolysaccharide(BAEPS) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma(EAC). Methods: In-vitro antioxidants characters of BAEPS were determined using various methods, while anti-inflammatory activity was estimated against cyclooxygenase(COX-1 and COX-2). In-vitro study, anticancer against MCF7 and PC3 were assessed by the mitochondrial dependent reduction of yellow MTT. In in-vivo study against EAC progression, mice were inoculated with EAC cells and then were orally administered BAEPS at 200 mg/kg after 24 h(equals to 0.10 of determined LD50)/10 d. Results: BAEPS was acidic exopolysaccharide contained uronic acid(12.3%) and sulfate(22.8%) with constitution of glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio1.6: 1.0: 0.9, respectively, with a molecular mass of 3.76伊104 g/mol. BAEPS appeared potent antioxidant characters as free radical scavenging, oxygen reactive species scavenging and metal chelation, while its reducing power was low. BAEPS showed selective anti-inflammatory activity against COX-2 than COX-1, COX-2 selective. BAEPS exhibited potent and selective effect to breast cell cancer MCF7, the death percentage was 65.20% with IC_(50)=70 μg/m L and IC_(90)=127.40 μg/m L. BAEPS decreased counted viable EAC cells and induced non-viable cells. BAEPS improved all assessed hematological parameters. These improvements were reflected in the increasing median survival time and significant increment(P<0.05) in life span. Conclusions: BAEPS has anti-tumor activity with a good margin of safety. The anti-tumor activity of BAEPS may be due to its content from sulfated groups and uronic acids and they have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

关键词： Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Anti-tumor Ehrlich ascites carcinoma Exopolysaccharide Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

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A stepwise optimization strategy to formulate in situ gelling formulations comprising fluconazole-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complex loaded niosomal vesicles and Eudragit nanoparticles for enhanced antifungal activity and prolonged ocular delivery

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020年第5期15卷 617-636页

作者： Heba Elmotasem Ghada E.A.Awad Pharmaceutical Technology Department National Research CentreCairo 12622Egypt Chemistry of Natural and microbial Product Department National Research CentreCairo 12622Egypt

Fungal keratitis and endopthalmitis are serious eye ***(FL)is indicated for their treatment,but suffers from poor topical ocular *** study was intended to improve and prolong its ocular *** niosomal vesicles were prepared using span ***,polymeric nanoparticles were prepared using cationic Eudragit RS100 and Eudragit *** investigated particles had adequate entrapment efficiency(EE%),nanoscale particle size and high zeta ***,formulations were optimized using full factorial ***-HP-β-CD complex was encapsulated in selected Eudragit nanoprticles(FL-CD-ERS1)and niosmal *** niosomes were further coated with cationic and bioadhesive chitosan(FL-CD-Nios-ch).EE%for FL-CD-ERS1 and FL-CD-Niosch formulations were 76.4%and 61.7%;particle sizes were 151.1 and 392 nm;also,they exhibited satisfactory zeta potential+40.1 and+28.5 m *** situ gels were prepared by poloxamer P407,HPMC and chitosan and evaluated for gelling capacity,rheological behavior and gelling *** increase the precorneal residence time,free drug and selected nano-formulations were incorporated in the selected in situ *** study revealed sustained release within 24 *** through excised rabbits corneas demonstrated enhanced drug flux and large AUC0-6 h in comparison to plain *** permeation of selected formulations labeled with Rhodamine B was visualized by Confocal laser *** study and in vivo tolerance test evidenced *** vivo susceptibility test using Candida albicans depicted enhanced growth inhibition and sustained *** this study the adopted stepwise optimization strategy combined cylodextrin complexation,drug nano-encapsulation and loading within thermosenstive in situ ***,the developed innovated formulations displayed boosted corneal permeation,enhanced antifungal activity and prolonged action.

关键词： Fluconazole Ocular Eudragit nanoparticles Cyclodextrin Niosomes In situ gel

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“Winter Is Coming” : How did Polyploid Plants Survive?

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 4-5页

作者： Zhen Li Yves Van de Peer Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University9052 GhentBelgium VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology 9052 GhentBelgium centre for microbial ecology and Genomics Department of BiochemistryGenetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0028South Africa.

Cold and dark periods have descended on Earth several times in geological history. One such period characterized the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, following a meteor impact near Chicxulub in Mexico, about 66 million years ago, which caused dust, sulfate aerosols, and soot particles to be ejected into the atmosphere. This in turn led to a so-called “impact winter,” inhibiting photosynthesis and causing a global collapse of terrestrial and marine food webs, leading to the extinction of 60%–70% of plants and animals ( Alvarez et al., 1980 ). Different from animals that might still be able to find shelter and detritus food in a harsh environment, plants are sessile and require (lots of) light for photosynthesis. How did they survive in a time of prolonged darkness and decreasing temperatures ( Vellekoop et al., 2016 )?

关键词： winter Cretaceous terrestrial

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Nutrient variability and its influence on nitrogen processes in a highly turbid tropical estuary(Bangpakong, Gulf of Thailand)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 131-142页

作者： Adriano A.Bordalo Kashane Chalermwat Catarina Teixeira Laboratory of Hydrobiology and ecology Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of Porto centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Department of Aquatic Sciences Burapha University

Estuarine ecosystems in SE Asia have been poorly studied when compared to other tropical environments. Important gaps exist particularly in the understanding of their biogeochemical function and contribution to global change. In this work we looked into N-turnover in the water column and sediments of the Bangpakong estuary（13°N）. A seasonal sampling program was performed along the salinity gradient covering different stretches of the estuary（68 km）.Key physical and chemical characteristics were also monitored in order to unravel possible environmental controls. Results showed the occurrence of active denitrification in sediments（5.7–50.9 nmol N-N2/（cm3·hr））, and water column（3.5–1044 pmol N-N2/（cm3·hr））. No seasonal or spatial variability was detected for denitrification potential in sediment samples. However, in the water column, the denitrification activity peaked during the transition season in the downstream sites coinciding with high turbidity levels. Therefore, in that period of the year, the water column compartment may be an important contributor to nitrate reduction within the estuary. The rather low nitrification rates detected were not always measurable, probably due to the reduced oxygen content and high siltation. This study is one of the few dealing simultaneously with sediments and water column processes in a highly turbid tropical ***, it emerges as a valuable contribution for the understanding of the dynamics of the nitrogen cycle in tropical environments by exploring the role of estuarine N microbial activity in reducing the effects of increased nitrogen loads.

关键词： Nutrients Denitrification Nitrification Tropical estuary Bangpakong River

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Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae in controlling the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on common bean in screenhouse and field experiments

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Insect Science 2015年第1期22卷 121-128页

作者： David Mugisho Bugeme Markus Knapp Sunday Ekesi Adenirin Chabi-Olaye Hamadi Iddi Boga Nguya Kalemba Maniania International centre of Insect Physiology and ecology (ICIPE) Department of Botany Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture andTechnology (JKUA T) NairobL Kenya

The efficacy of aqueous and emulsifiable formulations of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae isolate ICIPE78 was evaluated on the population density of Tetranychus urticae infesting common bean plants under screenhouse and field conditions. Synthetic acaricide abamectin was included as a check. Bean plants were artificially infested with T. urticae and allowed to multiply. Three treatments were applied in the screenhouse and 1 treatment in field trials. Mite density was recorded 2 d before spraying and weekly postspraying. The number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and the dry weight of seeds per plant were recorded only in the screenhouse trials. In both screenhouse and field trials, fungal formulations applied at the concentration of 108 conidia/mL and the aearicide reduced the population density of mites as compared to the controls. There were signif- icant differences in T. urticae population densities between the treatments at the various post-spraying sampling dates. In the screenhouse, the mite densities were near zero from 3-week postspraying in the treated leaves. At 4-week postspraying, there were no more leaves in the untreated control （T1） and in the control water ＋ Silwet-L77 （T2）. Fungal formulations were as effective as abamectin in reducing mite densities in both screenhouse and field experiments. There were significant differences in the production parameters during the 2 screenhouse trials, with fungal and abamectin treatments generally having the highest yield. Results of this study underline the potential of the M. anisopliae isolate ICIPE78 as an alternative to acaricides for T. urticae management.

关键词： acaricide common beans entomopathogenic fungus formulations microbial control two-spotted mite

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Selective butyric acid production from CO_(2)and its upgrade to butanol in microbial electrosynthesis cells

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 119-127页

作者： Meritxell Romans-Casas Laura Feliu-Paradeda Michele Tedesco Hubertus V.M.Hamelers Lluis Bañeras M.Dolors Balaguer SebastiàPuig Paolo Dessì Institute of the Environment University of Girona.Campus MontiliviCarrer Maria Aurélia Capmany 69E-17003GironaSpain Molecular microbial ecology Group Institute of Aquatic EcologyUniversity of GironaMaria Aurelia Capmany 4017003GironaSpain Wetsus European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water TechnologyOostergoweg 98911MALeeuwardenthe Netherlands

microbial electrosynthesis(MES)is a promising carbon utilization technology,but the low-value products(i.e.,acetate or methane)and the high electric power demand hinder its industrial *** this study,electrically efficient MES cells with a low ohmic resistance of 15.7 mU m^(2)were operated galvanostatically in fed-batch mode,alternating periods of high CO_(2)and H2 *** promoted acetic acid and ethanol production,ultimately triggering selective(78%on a carbon basis)butyric acid production via chain *** average production rate of 14.5 g m^(-2)d^(-1)was obtained at an applied current of 1.0 or 1.5 mA cm^(-2),being Megasphaera *** key chain elongating *** a second cell with the catholyte containing the enriched community resulted in butyric acid production at the same rate as the previous cell,but the lag phase was reduced by 82%.Furthermore,interrupting the CO_(2)feeding and setting a constant pH2 of 1.7e1.8 atm in the cathode compartment triggered solventogenic butanol production at a pH below *** efficient cell design resulted in average cell voltages of 2.6e2.8 V and a remarkably low electric energy requirement of 34.6 kWhel kg1 of butyric acid produced,despite coulombic efficiencies being restricted to 45%due to the cross-over of O_(2)and H2 through the *** conclusion,this study revealed the optimal operating conditions to achieve energy-efficient butyric acid production from CO_(2)and suggested a strategy to further upgrade it to valuable butanol.

关键词： Biocathode Bioelectrochemical system Chain elongation Hydrogen partial pressure Megasphaera

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Biodegraded peat and ultrafine calcium carbonate result in retained metals and higher microbial diversities in boreal acid sulfate soil

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Soil ecology Letters 2020年第2期2卷 120-130页

作者： Eva Hogfors-Ronnholm Stephan Christel Tom Lillhonga Sten Engblom Peter Osterholm Mark Dopson Research and Development Novia University of Applied SciencesVaasa 65200Finland centre for ecology and Evolution in microbial Model Systems(EEMiS) Linnaeus UniversityKalmar 39231Sweden Department of Geology and Mineralogy Abo Akademi UniversityTurku 20500Finland

To efficiently mitigate bacterial mediated acid and metal discharge from acid sulfate soils,ironand sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms that catalyze the iron sulfide dissolution should be *** organic carbon source could further be introduced into the soil to promote the growth of iron-and sulfur-reducing *** this study,acid sulfate soil was amended with a mobile form of ultrafine calcium carbonate alone or in combination with fractions of peat,sodium acetate,or sodium *** introduction of ultrafine calcium carbonate resulted in a raised pH that appeared to inactivate the acidophiles,but did not reactivate iron-or sulfurreducing *** addition of organic matter resulted in higher microbial diversities and retention of metals,although acid-tolerant and acidophilic microbes still dominated.A low abundance of an iron-reducing bacteria was identified in the all treatments with both peat fractions and pure organic carbon *** results indicated that biodegraded peat could be used as an energy source for at least iron-reducing bacteria in the acid sulfate soil at the same time as it retains metals in the *** findings are of value for further developing mitigation methods for the sustainable use of acid sulfate soils.

关键词： 16S rRNA gene microbial community Organic material Mitigation

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Seasonal diet and microbiome shifts in wild rhesus macaques are better correlated at the level of nutrient components than food items

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 1147-1161页

作者： Zhenwei CUI Andrew JHOLMES Wenjuan ZHANG Dalong HU Qi SHAO Zhenlong WANG Jiqi LU David RAUBENHEIMER centre for Nutritional ecology Centre for Sport Nutrition and HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina School of Life Sciences Institute of Biodiversity and EcologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Charles Perkins centre School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia School of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina

Food supply is one of the major drivers of animal behavior,and the gut microbiome is an important mediator be-tween food supply and its effects on ***,predicting the outcome of diet change on microbiome and consequences for the animal has proven extremely *** propose this reﬂects processes occurring at different *** accounting for the multi-level complexity of nutrition(nutrients,foods,diets)obscures the diet inﬂuence on microbiome and subsequently ***,we present a detailed year-round,multi-level analysis of diet and microbiome changes in a wild population of a temperate primate,the rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta).Total daily food and nutrient intake of 6 male and 6 female macaques was monitored in each of the 4 sea-sons(total 120 days observations).For each individual,we found signiﬁcant variation in the microbiome between all 4 *** response was more strongly correlated with changes in macronutrient intake than with food items and much of the response could be explained at the level of 6 ecological guilds—sets of taxa sharing similar responses to nutrient *** conclude that study of diet,microbiome,and animal performance in ecology will more effectively identify patterns if diet is recorded at the level of nutrient *** microbiome response to diet does show variation in species-level taxa in response to food items,there is greater commonality in response at the level of guilds.A goal for microbiome researchers should be to identify genes encoding microbial attributes that can deﬁne such guilds.

关键词： gut microbiome macaque nutrition nutritional ecology seasonality

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