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Impact of oxygen incorporation on interface optimization and defect suppression for efficiency enhancement in Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4 solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 77-85页

作者： Shicheng Deng Songfan Wang Yuanyuan Wang Qian Xiao Yuena Meng Dongxing Kou Wenhui Zhou Zhengji Zhou Zhi Zheng Sixin Wu Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of MOE National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Materials Henan University Key Laboratory of micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials College of Chemical and Materials Engineering Xuchang University

Kesterite Cu2ZnSn（S,Se）4（CZTSSe） solar cells suffer from severe carrier recombination, limiting the photovoltaic performance. Unfavorable energy band alignment at the p-n junction and defective front interface are two main causes. Herein, oxygen incorporation in CZTSSe via absorber air-annealing was developed as a strategy to optimize its surface photoelectric property and reduce the defects. With optimized oxygen incorporation conditions, the carrier separation and collection behavior at the front interface of the device is improved. In particular, it is found that oxygen incorporated absorber exhibits increased band bending, larger depletion region width, and suppressed absorber defects. These indicate the dynamic factors for carrier separation become stronger. Meanwhile, the increased potential difference between grain boundaries and intra grains combined with the decreased concentration of interface deep level defect in the absorber provide a better path for carrier transport. As a consequence, the champion efficiency of CZTSSe solar cells has been improved from 9.74% to 12.04% with significantly improved open-circuit voltage after optimized air-annealing condition. This work provides a new insight for interface engineering to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of CZTSSe devices.

关键词： Defect suppression Interface optimization Kesterite Surface oxidation Thin film solar cell

High-speed silicon photonic electro-optic Kerr modulation

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photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 51-60页

作者： JONATHAN PELTIER WEIWEI ZHANG LEOPOLD VIROT CHRISTIAN LAFFORGUE LUCAS DENIEL DELPHINE MARRIS-MORINI GUY AUBIN FARAH AMAR DENH TRAN XINGZHAO YAN CALLUM G.LITTLEJOHNS CARLOS ALONSO-RAMOS KE LI DAVID J.THOMSON GRAHAM REED LAURENT VIVIEN University Paris-Saclay CNRSCentre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(C2N)Palaiseau 91120France University Grenoble Alpes CEALETIGrenoble 38000France Optoelectronics Research centre Zepler Institute for Photonics and NanoelectronicsFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Silicon-based electro-optic modulators contribute to easing the integration of high-speed and low-power consumption circuits for classical optical communications and data computations.Beyond the plasma dispersion modulation,an alternative solution in silicon is to exploit the DC Kerr effect,which generates an equivalent linear electro-optical effect enabled by applying a large DC electric field.Although some theoretical and experimental studies have shown its existence in silicon,limited contributions relative to plasma dispersion have been achieved in high-speed modulation so far.This paper presents high-speed optical modulation based on the DC Kerr effect in silicon PIN waveguides.The contributions of both plasma dispersion and Kerr effects have been analyzed in different waveguide configurations,and we demonstrated that the Kerr induced modulation is dominant when a high external DC electric field is applied in PIN waveguides.High-speed optical modulation response is analyzed,and eye diagrams up to 80 Gbit/s in NRZ format are obtained under a d.***.voltage of 30 V.This work paves the way to exploit the Kerr effect to generate high-speed Pockels-like optical modulation.

关键词： waveguide dispersion effect

Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.SMITH LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REJA ERIK P.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM DAVID J.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.WARREN-SMITH Institute for photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental effects.These properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the fiber.However,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far unclear.In this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved measurements.We leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

Understanding the oxidation chemistry of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)sheets and their catalytic performances

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 437-445,I0010页

作者： Suvdanchimeg Sunderiya Selengesuren Suragtkhuu Solongo Purevdorj Tumentsereg Ochirkhuyag Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene Purevlkham Myagmarsereejid Ashley DSlattery Abdulaziz SRBati Joseph GShapter Dorj Odkhuu Sarangerel Davaasambuu Munkhbayar Batmunkh Department of Chemistry Division of Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatar 14200Mongolia Queensland micro-and Nanotechnology centre School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathan campusBrisbaneQueensland 4111Australia Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Adelaide microscopy The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia centre for Organic photonics&Electronics School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia

Transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)nanosheets are attractive two-dimensional(2D)materials,but they suffer from oxidation/degradation issues during storage and/or applications due to their sensitivity to water and oxygen.Despite the great research progress,the exact oxidation kinetics of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)and their final products after oxidation are not fully understood.Herein,we systematically tracked the oxidation process of few-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) nanosheets in an aqueous solution at room temperature over several weeks.We also studied the oxidation effects on the electrocatalytic properties of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) for hydrogen evolution reaction and found that the overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)increases from 0.435 to 0.877 V after three weeks of degradation,followed by improvement to stabilized values of around 0.40 V after eight weeks.These results suggest that severely oxidized MXene could be a promising candidate for designing efficient catalysts.According to our detailed experimental characterization and theoretical calculations,unlike previous studies,black titanium oxide is formed as the final product in addition to white Ti(IV)oxide and disordered carbons after the complete oxidation of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).This work presents significant advancements in better understanding of 2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)oxidation and enhances the prospects of this material for various applications.

关键词： 2D materials MXene Chemical degradation Catalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

Flexible bronchoscopy for foreign body aspiration in children:A single-centre experience

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 127-134页

作者： Aleh Sautin Kirjl Marakhouski Aleh Pataleta Kirill Sanfirau Diagnostic Division Republican Scientific and Practical Centre of Paediatric SurgeryMinsk 220013Belarus

BACKGROUND The technological evolution of bronchoscopy has led to the widespread adoption of flexible techniques and their use for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.Currently,there is an active debate regarding the comparative efficacy and safety of rigid vs flexible bronchoscopy in the treatment of foreign body aspiration.AIM To evaluate our experience with tracheobronchial foreign body extraction using flexible bronchoscopy and provide a literature overview.METHODS This was a single-centre retrospective study.Twenty-four patients were enrolled between January 2017 and January 2023.Medical records of patients aged below 18 years who were admitted to authors’affiliated institution with a suspected diagnosis of foreign body aspiration were collected from hospital’s database to microsoft Excel 2019.Data were analysed using MedCalc Statistical Software.RESULTS Patient ages varied from 9 months to 11 years.The median age was 23.5 months,95%confidence interval(CI)19.49-44.77.We observed age clustering in children with foreign body aspiration at our institution with three age subgroups:(1)0-25 months;(2)40-60 months;and(3)120-140 months.We expectancy of an organic tracheobronchial foreign body was significantly higher in 0-25 months subgroup than that in older ones when subgroups 40-60 and 120-140 months were combined together(odds ratio=10.0,95%CI:1.44-29.26,P=0.0197).Successful foreign body extraction was performed in all cases.Conversion to a rigid bronchoscope was not required in any of the cases.No major complications(massive bleeding,tracheobronchial tree perforation,or asphyxia)were observed.CONCLUSION Flexible bronchoscopy is an effective and safe method for tracheobronchial foreign body extraction in children.

关键词： Foreign body aspiration Tracheobronchial foreign body Paediatric bronchoscopy Flexible bronchoscopy Rigid bronchoscopy

Estimation of secondary nucleation kinetics of benzoic acid in batch crystallizer

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 232-239页

作者： Yan Zhao Weiyuan Zhang Jinbo Ouyang Guangyang Hou Vamsi Krishna Kamaraju Brian Glennon School of Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdao066004China Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical centre School of Chemical and Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices East China University of TechnologyNanchang330013China APC Ltd Dublin 4Ireland

The nucleation and growth kinetics of benzoic acid were determined in a population balance model,describing the seeded batch antisolvent crystallization process.The process analytical technologies(PATs)were utilized to record the evolution of chord length distributions(CLDs)in solid phase together with the concentration decay in liquid phase,which provided essential experimental information for parameter estimation.The model was solved using standard method of moments based on the moments calculated from CLDs and solute concentration.A developed model,incorporating the nucleation and crystal growth as functions of both supersaturation and solvent composition,has been constructed by fitting the zeroth moment of particles and concentration trends.The determined kinetic parameters were consequently validated against a new experiment with a different flow rate,indicating that the developed model predicted crystallization process reasonably well.This work illustrates the strategy in construct a population balance model for further simulation,model-based optimization and control studies of benzoic acid in antisolvent crystallization.

关键词： Benzoic acid Antisolvent crystallization Population balance equation Nucleation Growth

Exploring the Roles of Single Atom in Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis

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Nano-micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 32-67页

作者： Kelin He Zimo Huang Chao Chen Chuntian Qiu Yu Lin Zhong Qitao Zhang International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale OptoelectronicsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000China Queensland micro‑and Nanotechnology centre School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathanQLD 4222Australia Institute for Sustainable Transformation School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China ZJU‑Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 311215China

This comprehensive review provides a deep exploration of the unique roles of single atom catalysts(SACs)in photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production.SACs offer multiple benefits over traditional catalysts such as improved efficiency,selectivity,and flexibility due to their distinct electronic structure and unique properties.The review discusses the critical elements in the design of SACs,including the choice of metal atom,host material,and coordination environment,and how these elements impact the catalytic activity.The role of single atoms in photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production is also analysed,focusing on enhancing light absorption and charge generation,improving the migration and separation of charge carriers,and lowering the energy barrier of adsorption and activation of reactants.Despite these advantages,several challenges,including H_(2)O_(2)decomposition,stability of SACs,unclear mechanism,and low selectivity,need to be overcome.Looking towards the future,the review suggests promising research directions such as direct utilization of H_(2)O_(2),high-throughput synthesis and screening,the creation of dual active sites,and employing density functional theory for investigating the mechanisms of SACs in H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis.This review provides valuable insights into the potential of single atom catalysts for advancing the field of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production.

关键词： Single atom catalysts H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis Catalyst design and optimization

Study of Secondary Cosmic Rays and Astronomical X-Ray Sources using Small Stratospheric Balloons

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 96-111页

作者： Rupnath Sikdar Sandip K.Chakrabarti Debashis Bhowmick Indian centre for Space Physics

The X-ray sources of the universe are extraterrestrial in nature which emit X-ray photons. The closest strong X-ray source is the Sun, which is followed by various compact sources such as neutron stars, black holes, the Crab pulsar, etc.In this paper, we analyze the data received from several low-cost lightweight meteorological balloon-borne missions launched by the Indian centre for Space Physics. Our main interest is to study the variation of the vertical intensity of secondary cosmic rays, the detection of strong X-ray sources, and their spectra in the energy band of10–80 keV during the complete flights. Due to the lack of an onboard pointing system, low exposure time, achieving a maximum altitude of only～42 km, and freely rotating the payload about its axis, we modeled the background radiation flux for the X-ray detector using physical assumptions. We also present the source detection method, observation of the pulsation of the Crab （33 Hz）, and spectra of some sources such as the quiet Sun and the Crab pulsar.

关键词： balloons instrumentation: detectors X-rays: stars

Development of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies through receptor engineering

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 315-331页

作者： Audrey Page Nicolas Chuvin Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond Stéphane Depil centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon UMR INSERM U1052 CNRS 5286Centre Léon BérardLyonFrance ErVimmune LyonFrance centre Léon Bérard LyonFrance UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1 LyonFrance

Natural killer(NK)cell-based immunotherapies are attracting increasing interest in the field of cancer treatment.Early clinical trials have shown promising outcomes,alongside satisfactory product efficacy and safety.Recent developments have greatly increased the therapeutic potential of NK cells by endowing them with enhanced recognition and cytotoxic capacities.This review focuses on surface receptor engineering in NK cell therapy and discusses its impact,challenges,and future directions.Most approaches are based on engineering with chimeric antigen receptors to allow NK cells to target specific tumor antigens independent of human leukocyte antigen restriction.This approach has increased the precision and potency of NK-mediated recognition and elimination of cancer cells.In addition,engineering NK cells with T-cell receptors also mediates the recognition of intracellular epitopes,which broadens the range of target peptides.Indirect tumor peptide recognition by NK cells has also been improved by optimizing immunoglobulin constant fragment receptor expression and signaling.Indeed,engineered NK cells have an improved ability to recognize and destroy target cells coated with specific antibodies,thereby increasing their antibodydependent cellular cytotoxicity.The ability of NK cell receptor engineering to promote the expansion,persistence,and infiltration of transferred cells in the tumor microenvironment has also been explored.Receptor-based strategies for sustained NK cell functionality within the tumor environment have also been discussed,and these strategies providing perspectives to counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression.Overall,receptor engineering has led to significant advances in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies.As technical challenges are addressed,these innovative treatments will likely reshape cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： NK cells Cell therapy Receptor engineering CAR